Salud y autocuidado entre minadores de basura: vivencias en el trabajo en una cooperativa de basura reciclable

Estudo realizado com catadores de lixo que organizaram uma cooperativa de triagem de lixo reciclável, em Porto Alegre, RS, num galpão cedido pela prefeitura. Essa atividade, que tem atraído número crescente de excluídos do mercado formal de trabalho, apresenta riscos à saúde e padrões de adoecimento peculiares. O estudo objetivou conhecer as concepções e ações de autocuidado das participantes do estudo, todas mulheres, propondo discussões e reflexões conjuntas acerca da problemática por elas vivenciada. O foco foi direcionado ao ambiente de trabalho e às atitudes com relação aos riscos à saúde. Por meio da técnica de grupo focal com dez sujeitos, privilegiou-se a expressão da capacidade de análise situacional das pessoas envolvidas, dando origem a três eixos temáticos. A cada tema discutido seguiu-se a construção de um plano de ação, porém, de forma a compatibilizar o atendimento de necessidades mais prementes com a viabilidade operacional dos encaminhamentos propostos.Study performed with garbage pickers who organized a cooperative to sort recyclable garbage in Porto Alegre, Brazil, in a shed loaned by the city administration. This activity, which has attracted an increasing number of people excluded from the formal job market, presents peculiar health risks and patterns of disease. The study aimed to learn about the participants' concepts and self-care actions, proposing discussions and jointly reflection on their problems. It focuses on the working environment and on attitudes towards health risks. Through the focal group technique with ten female subjects, the expression of capacity of situational analysis of those involved was privileged, giving rise to three main themes. Each theme discussed was followed by the construction of a plan of action in order to meet compatibly the more pressing needs according to the operational feasibility of the solutions proposed.Estudio realizado con minadores de basura que organizaron una cooperativa de separación de basura reciclable en un galpón de la municipalidad de Porto Alegre, RS. Esta actividad, que ha atraído un número creciente de excluidos del mercado formal de trabajo, presenta riesgos a la salud y estándares peculiares de enfermedad. La finalidad fue conocer las concepciones y acciones de autocuidado de las participantes, todas mujeres, proponiendo discusiones y reflexiones conjuntas sobre la problemática vivida por ellas. El foco miró el ambiente de trabajo y las actitudes relacionados a los riesgos a la salud. La técnica de grupos focales con diez sujetos permitió privilegiar la expresión de su capacidad de análisis situacional, originando tres ejes temáticos. A cada tema discutido se siguió la construcción de un plan de acción de manera a compatibilizar la atención a las necesidades más demandadas con la viabilidad operacional de los encaminamientos propuestos

“Cortei o cabelo ou tive o cabelo cortado?”: análise baseada em corpus para a construção de ação causada em Português Brasileiro

The pattern [cut hair] is the most conventional form in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) for when someone says they went to the salon and had their hair cut with a hairdresser. This pattern can be understood as an argument structure construction, called caused-action: a transitive form [SN V SN] associated with the meaning of an indirectly caused activity, accordingly to Ciríaco (2014a) and Santos, Ciríaco and Souza (2019). Based on the theoretical assumptions of Usage-Based Linguistics (BARLOW, KEMMER, 2000), Corpus Linguistics (SARDINHA, 2004) and Goldberg’s Construction Grammar (1995, 2006, 2019), and starting from the hypothesis of Ciríaco (2014a), this study aimed to verify, through a corpus search (Corpus Brasileiro – Sketch Engine) and in social network (Twitter), whether the caused-action construction is restricted to the functional context of provision of services and to describe the semantic and pragmatic aspects associated with the construction based on real-world data. As a result, it was possible to confirm this functional restriction and the most frequently used verbs in the construction. The analysis also allowed us to observe that the meaning of the construction can be associated with both the transitive form [SN V SN] and the competing form [SN V SN [with/in SN]], with the former being preferred, given the context of provision of services. Finally, this study also showed how the construction can have its meaning changed to meet the different communicative needs of the speakers, depending on the socio-historical context, such as the pandemic one.O padrão oracional ilustrado por [cortei o cabelo] configura-se como a forma mais convencional em Português Brasileiro (PB) para se dizer que se foi ao salão cortar o cabelo com o cabeleireiro. Esse padrão pode ser entendido como uma construção de estrutura argumental de ação causada – uma forma transitiva [SN V SN] associada ao significado de uma atividade indiretamente causada, segundo Ciríaco (2014a) e Santos, Ciríaco e Souza (2019). Com base nos pressupostos teóricos da Linguística Baseada no Uso (BARLOW, KEMMER, 2000), da Linguística de Corpus (SARDINHA, 2004) e da Gramática de Construções de Goldberg (1995, 2006, 2019), e partindo da hipótese de Ciríaco (2014a), este trabalho teve como objetivos verificar, por meio de busca em corpus (Corpus Brasileiro – Sketch Engine) e em rede social (Twitter), se a construção de ação causada se restringe ao contexto funcional de prestação de serviços, e descrever os aspectos semânticos e pragmáticos associados à construção com base em dados de uso real. Como resultados, foi possível constatar essa restrição funcional e os verbos mais frequentemente usados na construção. A análise também permitiu observar que o significado da construção pode estar associado tanto à forma transitiva [SN V SN] quanto à forma competidora [SN V SN [com/em SN]], sendo a primeira preferencial, dado o contexto de prestação de serviços. Por fim, este estudo também mostrou como a construção pode ter seu significado alterado para atender a diferentes necessidades comunicativas dos falantes, a depender do contexto sócio-histórico, como o contexto pandêmico

A construção de ação-causada no Português Brasileiro (PB) e seus efeitos na compreensão e produção linguística de bilingues do par PB-Inglês

Um pressuposto central das teorias de gramática baseadas em construções, especialmente a Gramática de Construções, é que construções de estrutura argumental, que são padrões oracionais feitos de sequências ordenadas de informação sintática pareada a conteúdo semântico, têm significado por si só. Assim, construções de estrutura argumental contribuem significado que é independente do significado individual dos itens lexicais que os instanciam. Com base nisso, neste trabalho nós nos voltamos a sentenças do português brasileiro (PB) como eu cortei o cabelo e seus efeitos na compreensão e produção linguística de bilíngues do par PB-inglês. Os objetivos são: i) descrever o significado de ação-causada associada à transitiva em PB; ii) representar a construção de ação-causada em PB, a partir da análise começada por Ciríaco (2014); e iii) apresentar parte dos resultados do estudo feito por Santos (2019), mostrando evidência experimental de bilinguismo. Por fim, nosso trabalho mostra que o significado de ação-causada atua translinguisticamente, ou seja, que a construção de ação-causada é um tipo de construção, presente em PB e em inglês.A central assumption of construction-based theories of grammar, especially Construction Grammar, is that argument structure constructions, which are clausal patterns made of ordereds equences of syntactic slots paired with semantic content, have meaning of their own. Thereby, argument structure constructions contribute meaning which is independent of the meaning of the individual lexical items that instantiate them. Based on that, in this paper we address Brazilian Portuguese (BrP) sentences like Eu cortei o cabelo (literally I cut the hair, meaning that I had my hair cut) and its effects on the BrP-English bilinguals’ production and comprehension in English. The objectives are: i) to describe the caused-action meaning associated with the transitive form in BrP; ii) to represent the caused-action construction in BrP, following the analysis started with Ciríaco (2014); and iii) to present part of the results of the study carried out by Santos (2019), showing experimental evidence from bilingualism. Finally, our paper shows that the caused-action meaning plays a role cross-linguistically, and that the caused-action construction is a type of construction, present in BrP and English as well

O Mini-CEX na avaliação de habilidades clínicas na graduação médica

Introdução: Instrumentos de avaliação de habilidades clínicas na medicina são importantes para a análise do conhecimento, habilidades e atitudes do estudante. Dentre eles, o Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise (mini-CEX) vem se destacando por avaliar o estudante em ambiente real de prática, além de fornecer feedback imediato. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre a aplicação do instrumento mini-CEX na graduação do curso de medicina. Métodos: As bases de dados pesquisadas foram: Eric, Pubmed e Science Direct. Através de duas estratégias de busca diferentes: Busca A, com período de pesquisa de 2011 a 2016 e a Busca B, com intervalo de 2006 a 2016, foram incluídos artigos que abordam o mini-CEX como instrumento de avaliação das habilidades clínicas em acadêmicos de medicina. Foram consideradas as características gerais dos estudos, o uso do mini-CEX na graduação médica e os critérios avaliados por esse instrumento. Resultados: Dos 140 artigos encontrados, três atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Os estudos avaliaram as habilidades clínicas dos estudantes de medicina com o uso do mini-CEX, a partir da: habilidade de comunicação, atitude/profissionalismo, humanização, raciocínio clínico, habilidades de aconselhamento, organização/eficiência e competência clínica geral. Dentre essas competências, a anamnese, o exame físico e a capacidade de comunicação são melhores avaliados pelo mini-CEX quando comparado a outros métodos de avaliação de competências. Além disso, competências como comportamentos pessoal e profissional obtiveram as maiores pontuações gerais. Conclusões. O mini-CEX parece ser uma ferramenta eficaz, de fácil aplicação e confiável na avaliação das habilidades clínicas dos acadêmicos de medicina.Introduction. Assessment methods of clinical skills in medicine are important for the analysis of students’ knowledge, skills and attitudes. Among these methods, the Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise (mini-CEX) has been highlighted for evaluating the student in real practice environment, in addition to providing immediate feedback. Objective. To conduct a systematic review of the literature of the application of Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise instrument in medical school graduation. Methods. Eric, Pubmed and Science Direct were searched. Through two differents search strategies: Search A, with publications from 2011 to 2016, and Search B, with publications from 2006 to 2016, including articles with mini-CEX as an instrument for evaluating clinical skills in medical students. General characteristics of the studies, the use of the mini-CEX in medical graduation and the evaluated abilities were examined. Results. Of the 140 studies identified, 3 met the inclusion criteria. The studies evaluated clinical skills of medical students using mini-CEX, from the following: communication skills, personal and professional behavior, humanization, clinical judgement, counseling skills, organization and efficiency and overall clinical care. Among these skills, history taking, physical examination and the communication skills are best evaluated by mini-CEX when compared to other skills assessment methods. Finally, competences such as personal and professional behaviours obtained the highest overall scores. Conclusions. The mini-CEX is an effective tool, easy to apply and reliable on the evaluation of clinical skills of the medical academics

Virtual rehabilitation is better than conventional physical therapy to improve the functionality of the gait in elderly people? Systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract - Aim To compare the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test variables and walking speed between elderly people that carried through the training using virtual reality, sedentary (control), and those submitted to the Conventional physical therapy (exercise therapy). Systematic revision with meta-analysis of clinical essays. Methods: The recommendations of The PRISMA STATEMENT were used; having been consulted the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Exerpta Medica DataBASE Guide (IT BASES), Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Participants: Healthy Elderly People. Intervention: Virtual reality or Conventional physical therapy. Group control: physical inactivity. Measures of result: TUG test and walking speed. Results: 11282 generated articles of the initial search, 16 articles had entered for the meta-analysis, including 711 participants. The meta-analysis resulted the four following comparisons: [1] Virtual Reality versus Control (TUG), not significant (the IC 95% (-4,29 to 0,66) I2 = 94%) and [2] Virtual Reality versus Control (walking speed), not significant (IC 95% (-0,14 to 0,56) I2 = 98%); [3] Virtual Reality versus Conventional physical therapy (TUG), significant, in favor of Conventional physical therapy (IC 95% (-1,02 a -0,06) I2 = 20%) and [4] Virtual Reality versus Conventional physical therapy (walking speed), significant in favors of Virtual Reality (IC 95% (0,06 a 0,17) I2 = 0%).Conclusion: This demonstrates that the investigated subject needs more studies with a better methodological research design to develop more results in the literature. Register Review: PROSPERO (CRD42021247922).Abstract - Aim To compare the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test variables and walking speed between elderly people that carried through the training using virtual reality, sedentary (control), and those submitted to the Conventional physical therapy (exercise therapy). Systematic revision with meta-analysis of clinical essays. Methods: The recommendations of The PRISMA STATEMENT were used; having been consulted the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Exerpta Medica DataBASE Guide (IT BASES), Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Participants: Healthy Elderly People. Intervention: Virtual reality or Conventional physical therapy. Group control: physical inactivity. Measures of result: TUG test and walking speed. Results: 11282 generated articles of the initial search, 16 articles had entered for the meta-analysis, including 711 participants. The meta-analysis resulted the four following comparisons: [1] Virtual Reality versus Control (TUG), not significant (the IC 95% (-4,29 to 0,66) I2 = 94%) and [2] Virtual Reality versus Control (walking speed), not significant (IC 95% (-0,14 to 0,56) I2 = 98%); [3] Virtual Reality versus Conventional physical therapy (TUG), significant, in favor of Conventional physical therapy (IC 95% (-1,02 a -0,06) I2 = 20%) and [4] Virtual Reality versus Conventional physical therapy (walking speed), significant in favors of Virtual Reality (IC 95% (0,06 a 0,17) I2 = 0%).Conclusion: This demonstrates that the investigated subject needs more studies with a better methodological research design to develop more results in the literature. Register Review: PROSPERO (CRD42021247922)

A formação do docente fisioterapeuta no Brasil: revisão narrativa da literatura

Objective: To investigate how the physiotherapist teacher formation process took place in Brazil and how it is currently manifested. Methods: A narrative literature review about the formation of the physiotherapist teacher was carried out in the databases: Catalog of Theses and Dissertations CAPES, BIREME and LILACS. 22 studies were found, including theses and dissertations, and 8 of these were included in the inclusion criteria. Results and Discussion: The studies that were found and analyzed discuss aspects that range from the training of teachers in the health area and cover aspects such as quality of life, the knowledge of these professionals, and the relationship with specific disciplines. Conclusions: In view of the data that were found and worked on, there is no form or method that consists of accuracy or a formation pattern. Among the professionals addressed in the research, it is clear that the teacher's profession is built by practicing, by relationship with the environment and with other professionals and students, that is, it is carried out individually.Objetivo: Investigar como ocorreu e como se manifesta atualmente o processo de formação do docente fisioterapeuta no Brasil. Métodos: Foi realizado uma revisão narrativa de literatura acerca da formação do docente fisioterapeuta nas bases de dados: Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações CAPES, BIREME e LILACS. Foram encontrados 22 estudos, dentre eles teses e dissertações, e 8 destes foram enquadrados nos critérios inclusão. Resultados e Discussão: Os trabalhos encontrados e analisados discutem aspectos que vão desde a formação do docente na área da saúde e percorrem por aspectos quanto a qualidade de vida, os saberes desses profissionais até a relação com disciplinas específicas. Conclusões: Diante dos dados encontrados e trabalhados não há uma forma ou método que consista na exatidão ou num padrão de formação. Dentre os profissionais abordados nas pesquisas é notório que o ofício do professor se constrói na prática, em relações com o ambiente e com outros profissionais e os alunos, ou seja, é realizada de forma individual

The role of MIR9-2 in shared susceptibility of psychiatric disorders during childhood : a population-based birth cohort study

Background: It has been suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs; short non-protein-coding RNA molecules that mediate post-transcriptional regulation), including mir-9 and mir-34 families, are important for brain development. Current data suggest that mir-9 and mir-34 may have shared effects across psychiatric disorders. This study aims to explore the role of genetic polymorphisms in the MIR9-2 (rs4916723) and MIR34B/C (rs4938723) genes on the susceptibility of psychiatric disorders in children from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort. Methods: Psychiatric disorders were assessed in 3585 individuals using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV), criteria through the application of standard semi-structured interviews (using the Development and Well-Being Assessment, DAWBA) at the six-years-of-age follow-up. The outcome was defined as the presence of any mental disorder. We also considered two broad groups of internalizing and externalizing disorders to further investigate the role of these variants in mental health. Results: We observed an association between rs4916723 (MIR9-2) and the presence of any psychiatric disorder (odds ratios (OR) = 0.820; 95% CI = 0.7130–0.944; p = 0.006) and a suggestive effect on internalizing disorders (OR = 0.830; 95% CI = 0.698–0.987; p = 0.035). rs4938723 (MIR34B/C) was not associated with any evaluated outcome. Conclusion: The study suggests that MIR9-2 may have an important role on a broad susceptibility for psychiatric disorders and may be important mainly for internalization problems

Molluscicidal effect of Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns latex on Biomphalaria glabrata, Schistosoma mansoni host snail

ABSTRACT Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns is an easily cultivated shrub, with occurrence in the tropical regions of the American and African continents. Chemical studies have revealed that the latex of this plant is rich in terpene compounds, which are highly toxic to snails Biomphalaria glabrata (Basommatophora: Planorbidae). The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and molluscicidal activity of the latex produced by E. umbellata, as well as the safety of its application in aquatic environments. The concentration of latex that killed 90% of the exposed snails after 24 h exposure (LC90) was 3.69 mg/L. Toxicity bioassays using Danio rerio (zebrafish) revealed that these animals were less susceptible to latex than planorbids. However, it is important to perform other toxicity tests to ensure the feasibility of using latex to control populations of mollusks that contribute to schistosomiasis transmission. A phytochemical screening performed with the E. umbellata latex identified the triterpenoid and coumarin class. Further studies are warranted to isolate, identify, and test the active compounds of E. umbellata latex in B. glabrata