Six-membered ring systems: with O and/or S atoms

The most interesting chemistry published in 2020 on the synthesis of O- and S-six-membered heterocycles is reviewed. This personal overview is focused on the developments made on the synthesis of a large variety of natural compounds, specific reactions, and reagents for the preparation of natural and synthetic pyrans, chromenes and chromans, isochromenes and isochromans, pyranones, coumarins and isocoumarins, chromones and chromanones, xanthenes and xanthones, thiopyrans and analogues, dioxanes, dithiins, and also oxathianes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Gabriel tarde and the circulating of autobiographical belief in Brazilian educational field

This work is not only an outline of Tarde’s theory of imitation; furthermore, its objective is to present an understanding of the circulating ideas based on the appropriation of autobiographies in the educational field in Brazil. At first, it will give a comprehension of Gabriel Tarde’s sociology of imitation, showing that under the imitations the belief and desire are the substance and force that will find at profound of all sensorial qualities where they combine and involve all social life. Second, it will study the appropriation of the autobiographical idea under the Research/Formation Movement, and it wants to show the assimilation of the autobiographical belief in papers published at yearbooks of the CIPA (International Conferences of Autobiographical Research). Then, it will affirm the importance of Gabriel Tarde’s thought to understand the circulating ideas

Evaluating multi-locus phylogenies for species boundaries determination in the genus Diaporthe

Background. Species identification is essential for controlling disease, understanding epidemiology, and to guide the implementation of phytosanitary measures against fungi from the genus Diaporthe. Accurate Diaporthe species separation requires using multi loci phylogernes. However, defining the optimal set of loci that can be used for species identification is still an open problem. Methods. Here we addressed that problem by identifying five loci that have been sequenced in 142 Diaporthe isolates representing 96 species: TEF1, TUB, CAL, HIS and ITS. We then used every possible combination of those loci to build, analyse, and compare phylogenetic trees. Results. As expected, species separation is better when all five loci are simultaneously used to build the phylogeny of the isolates. However, removing the ITS locus has little effect on reconstructed phylogenies, identifying the TEF1-TUB-CAL-HIS 4-loci tree as almost equivalent to the 5-loci tree. We further identify the best 3-loci, 2-loci, and 1-locus trees that should be used for species separation in the genus. Discussion. Our results question the current use of the ITS locus for DNA barcoding in the genus Diaporthe and suggest that TEF1 might be a better choice if one locus barcoding needs to be done.This work was financed by European Funds through COMPETE and by National Funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) within project PANDORA (PTDC/AGR-FOR/3807/2012 –FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027979). The authors received financing from FCT to CESAM (UID/AMB/50017/2013), Artur Alves (FCT Investigator Programme –IF/00835/2013) and a post-doctoral grant to Liliana Santos (SFRH/BPD/90684/2012), grants BFU2010-17704 from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, 2009SGR809 from Generalitat de Catalunya, and bridge grants from the Dean for Research and the Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques of the University of Lleida (Spain) to Rui Alves

Gender differences in a sample of people with heart disease

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are not unique to either men or women, so that it is important to know what differences exist between the sexes, since it is a fact that the physical and psychosocial problems that distinguish them can influence the various areas of their health, particularly cardiovascular health. Objectives: To identify gender differences in a sample of people with heart disease. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional study with descriptive and multivariate data analysis using logistic regression. Results: The data indicated that women are more anxious (OR = 2.78; p = 0.018), have low perceived control (OR = 3.06; p = 0.008), do not smoke (OR = 4.41; p = 0.028) and do not drink alcoholic beverages (OR = 5.67; p = 0.000). Conclusions: Nurses should be aware that gender differences between men and women make mean they differ in terms of cardiovascular risk. For this reason, they should be aware of the need to identify the factors that can influence the risk and define and implement interventions that reduce this risk for each gender.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Geometric phase induced by a cyclically evolving squeezed vacuum reservoir

We propose a new way to generate an observable geometric phase by means of a completely incoherent phenomenon. We show how to imprint a geometric phase to a system by "adiabatically" manipulating the environment with which it interacts. As a specific scheme we analyse a multilevel atom interacting with a broad-band squeezed vacuum bosonic bath. As the squeezing parameters are smoothly changed in time along a closed loop, the ground state of the system acquires a geometric phase. We propose also a scheme to measure such geometric phase by means of a suitable polarization detection.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

Synthesis of new hydroxy-2-styrylchromones

http://apps.isiknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=UA&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=5&SID=V1M67gPH3IpI7j5a98j&page=1&doc=1&colname=WOSHydroxy-2-styrylchromones 5a−i were prepared by debenzylation of benzyloxy-2-styrylchromones 3a−i, which were synthesised by the Baker−Venkataraman method. The last step of this method, the cyclodehydration 5-aryl-3-hydroxy- 1-(2-hydroxyaryl)-2,4-pentadien-1-ones 2a−i, was carried out with a catalytic amount of iodine, or p-toluenesulfonic acid, in DMSO. Benzyloxy-3-cinnamoyl-2-styrylchromones 4a−f were obtained as by-products in both procedures, but the latter procedure gave benzyloxy-2- styrylchromones 3a−i in better yields. The structures of all new compounds were established by extensive NMR studies