Biogeoquímica e Estado Trófico de um Estuário-Lagunar Subtropical

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. OceanografiaEste estudo teve como objetivo investigar a dinâmica biogeoquímica e o estado trófico do estuário-lagunar do Rio da Madre (ELRM) em relação aos impactos antrópicos e às características ambientais. A bacia hidrográfica do ELRM drena uma grande região ocupada pela rizicultura intensiva e, em menor escala, pela urbanização. O estuário foi setorizado em quatro regiões de acordo com o gradiente salino: laguna da Guarda do Embaú, lagoa do Ribeirão, estuário médio e estuário interno. Em cada região, dois pontos amostrais foram selecionados para coleta de água (nutrientes e biomassa fitoplanctônica), sedimento (teor de matéria orgânica) e medidas in situ da profundidade local, zona eufótica, turbidez, pH, salinidade, temperatura e oxigênio dissolvido. O modelo biogeoquímico LOICZ foi aplicado para quantificar as trocas de água, sal e nutrientes que ocorrem entre a bacia hidrográfica, o estuário e o mar adjacente. O índice trófico TRIX foi utilizado para caracterizar o estado trófico do sistema. Períodos de intensa precipitação “lavaram” o estuário, tornando a coluna de água homogênea e mesotrófica. Já durante a passagem de ventos do quadrante sul foi observado coluna de água estratificada e eutrófica, devido ao aumento do tempo de residência da água no sistema. O estuário interno, adjacente à rizicultura, apresentou condições hipóxicas e/ou anóxicas na água de fundo, além das maiores concentrações de matéria orgânica, ortofosfato e N-amoniacal. Estas águas se caracterizaram como sítio de mineralização da matéria orgânica autóctone e alóctone, principalmente em períodos de estratificação física da coluna de água, aumentando o aporte de nutrientes para o sistema. No entanto, a produção primária, a denitrificação e o tamponamento do fósforo das regiões adjacentes controlaram a concentração dos nutrientes. O ELRM apresentou metabolismo heterotrófico em 72% das amostragens, porém, durante os períodos de autotrofia, a produção algal foi característica de sistema hipertrófico. Os dados deste estudo indicaram que o ELRM está em processo de eutrofização e que a rizicultura e urbanização estão contribuindo diretamente neste processo. O baixo tempo de residência da água e as altas taxas de denitrificação se apresentaram como mecanismos essenciais para a manutenção da qualidade ambiental deste ecossistema, favorecendo a exportação de nutrientes para os compartimentos adjacentes e controlando processo de eutrofização.The main objective of this study was to investigate the biogeochemistry dynamics and the trophic state of Madre’s River estuarine system (MR) in relation to the anthropogenic impacts and environmental characteristics. MR’s watershed drains a vast area occupied by intensive rice culture and, on a smaller scale, by urbanization. The estuarine system is compounded by four regions: Guarda do Embau lagoon, Ribeirao lagoon, middle estuary and inner estuary. Two sampling stations were selected in each region to collect water (nutrients and phytoplankton biomass), sediments (organic matter) and in situ measurements of local depth, photic zone, turbidity, pH, salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen. The LOICZ biogeochemical model was used to quantify water, salt and nutrients exchanges between the watershed, MR and adjacent ocean. The trophic index TRIX was used to assess MR’s trophic state. The data showed that high rainfall events completely wash out the water from the MR to the ocean, resulting in a homogeneous and mesotrophic water column. It was also observed that southerly winds forced the intrusion of coastal waters into MR, increasing water residence time, water column stratification and the system’s trophic state. The closest region to the rice fields, inner estuary, presented hypoxic and anoxic conditions in the bottom waters and the highest concentrations of organic matter, orthophosphate and ammonium. This region was the system’s mineralization site of allochthonous and autochthonous organic matter, mainly when water column is stratified, which increase production of regenerate forms of nutrients. However, adjacent regions’ primary production, denitrification and phosphorus buffer processes regulated the inputs of nutrients from inner estuary. MR was heterotrophic in 72% of the time, but it showed hypertrophic primary production during autotrophic events. This study indicated that MR is in eutrophication process and anthropogenic activity, such as agriculture and urbanization, are boosting this phenomenon. The low water residence time and high denitrification rates were important mechanisms to improve water quality, both increased exportation of nutrients to the adjacent compartments (atmosphere and ocean) and controlled the eutrophication process

Nutrient distribution in a shallow subtropical lagoon, south Brazil, subjected to seasonal hypoxic and anoxic events

A Lagoa da Conceição, localizada no sul do Brasil, é um ecossistema costeiro semifechado que apresenta eventos sazonais de hipoxia e anoxia na região central, caracterizada pela coluna de água estratificada e sítio de retenção e mineralização da matéria orgânica. Este estudo investigou a dinâmica da coluna de água da região central da Lagoa da Conceição (CLC) em relação às variáveis físicas, químicas e biológicas, com o objetivo de entender os eventos de hipoxia e anoxia. As águas de superfície, haloclina e fundo foram avaliadas em três pontos amostrais. As amostras foram coletadas em triplicata durante o verão, outono e inverno de 2014. Eventos de hipoxia e/ou anoxia ocorreram somente nas águas de haloclina (3 m) e fundo (4 m) do verão. Valores próximos a 100% de uso aparente de oxigênio indicaram processos de mineralização nas águas de fundo. O menor valor do índice de estratificação vertical foi observado em agosto (inverno austral), que foi correlacionado com a velocidade (14,7 m.s-1) e direção (quadrante sul) do vento. As concentrações de nutrientes foram maiores no inverno, devido ao aumento dos processos de mistura e remineralização da matéria orgânica. Este foi o primeiro estudo a avaliar a dinâmica dos eventos de hipoxia/anoxia na CLC em relação à distribuição dos nutrientes e estrutura física da coluna de água.The Conceição Lagoon, located in south Brazil, is a semi-enclosed coastal ecosystem that has seasonal hypoxic and anoxic conditions in its vertically stratified central region, characterized as a site of retention and mineralization of organic matter. This study investigates water column dynamics in the central region of the Conceição Lagoon (CCL) and its relation to physical and chemical variables, in order to understand the hypoxic and anoxic events. Surface, halocline and bottom waters were evaluated at three sampling sites along the CCL. The samples were collected in triplicate during the summer, fall and winter of 2014. Hypoxic and/or anoxic events occurred in the summer (1/21) at the halocline (3 m) and bottom (4 m) waters, and in the fall (2/5) in the bottom water (4.5 m). Positive values of apparent oxygen utilization showed mineralization processes in the halocline and bottom waters. The lowest vertical stratification index was recorded in August (southern winter), which was associated with wind speed (14.7 m.s-1) and direction (southern quadrant). Nutrient concentrations were higher in winter, related to increasing of water mixing. This was the first study to evaluate the dynamics of hypoxic and anoxic events in the CCL and how nutrients respond to the physical structure of the water column

Estudo Nº2 sobre a evolução do novo Coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) no estado do Pará (Brasil), Março – Junho, 2020/ Study Nº2 on the evolution of new Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in the state of Pará (Brazil), March – June 2020

O presente artigo apresenta o segundo estudo sobre a evolução do novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) no estado do Pará, desde a confirmação do primeiro infectado no dia 18/03/2020 até o dia 28/05/2020, através de mapas. O estudo apresenta também um modelo matemático para estimar o número de infectados até o dia 28/05/2020 e a projeção de pico da epidemia no estado do Pará como um todo, com análises mais detalhadas em dez municípios incluindo a capital Belém. Os resultados mostram que o modelo possui confiabilidade acima de 90% para predições de curto prazo, cuja evolução pode ser de 1 infectado em 18/03/2020 a 33.304 infectados em 28/05/2020

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed

Efeito dos eventos meteorológicos e oceanográficos na biogeoquímica da baía da Ilha de Santa Catarina:: implicações para avaliação e controle da eutrofização

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia, Florianópolis, 2019.Compreender as diferentes escalas da variabilidade espaço-temporal é fundamental para o melhor entendimento dos processos biogeoquímicos que ocorrem na interface continente-oceano. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o papel do fluxo das bacias hidrográficas e da intrusão de massas de água oceânicas no estado trófico da Baía da Ilha de Santa Catarina ao longo das três últimas décadas (1993-2019), utilizando modelos biogeoquímicos para a avaliação da eutrofização. Os rios que drenam para as baías apresentaram altas concentrações de nutrientes, coliformes fecais e clorofila-a, diretamente correlacionadas ao número de habitantes das bacias hidrográficas. Os piores cenários foram encontrados durante o verão e outono, devido ao turismo em massa associado à ineficiência ou ausência de sistemas de tratamento de esgoto. As intrusões de massas de água, como a Água Central do Atlântico Sul e a Pluma do Rio da Prata, favoreceram condições autotróficas no verão e heterotróficas no inverno, concomitante a um baixo e alto tempo de residência da água, respectivamente. Eventos de El Niño aumentaram as taxas de precipitação e as descargas fluviais, exportando elevada concentração de nutrientes e biomassa fitoplanctônica dos rios eutróficos para a plataforma continental. Este cenário mudou durante eventos de La Niña, quando as maiores concentrações de nutrientes e clorofila-a ocorreram dentro das baías. Os métodos para avaliação da eutrofização indicaram que o estado trófico variou de moderado a alto e que essas condições tendem a permanecer as mesmas na próxima década devido ao tempo moderado de residência da água (~ 40 dias), às pressões antrópicas, frequentes florações de algas tóxicas e à intrusão de massas de água oceânicas ricas em nutrientes. Políticas públicas para o controle e mitigação da eutrofização são necessárias para evitar a perda dos bens e serviços ecossistêmicos.Abstract: Understand the different scales of temporal variability is crucial to improve the knowledge of the biogeochemical processes in the land-ocean interface. In this study, we evaluated the role of continental runoff and intrusion of oceanic water masses in the trophic state of the Bay of Santa Catarina Island (BSCI) over the last three decades (1993-2019) by using multiple biogeochemical and eutrophication assessment tools. The sub-watersheds of BSCI showed high concentration of nutrients, fecal coliform and chlorophyll-a, directly correlated to the number of inhabitants. Worst- case scenarios were found in summer and fall seasons due to sewage inputs caused by mass tourism and the inefficiency or even absence of treatment systems, boosted by strong rainfall. The intrusion of the South Atlantic Central Water and the Plata Plume Water favored autotrophy in the summer and heterotrophy in the winter, coupled with low and high residence time, respectively. El Niño events enhanced rainfall and continental runoff, exporting elevated nutrients and phytoplankton biomass loads from the eutrophic rivers to the continental shelf. The pattern reverses during La Niña, where chlorophyll-a and nutrients peaks were detected inside the bay. Methods for eutrophication evaluation indicated that the trophic state ranged from moderate to high and that these conditions tend to remain the same in future scenarios due to the moderate residence time of the water (~ 40 days), anthropogenic pressures, frequent toxic algal blooms and the intrusion of nutrient-rich ocean water masses. Management practices are needed in order to control eutrophication and loss of ecosystem services and functions

Experimental and numerical vibration correlation of pre-stressed laminated reinforced panel

This research work deals with the buckling load prediction of reinforced laminated composite panels of aeronautical interest. Being subjected to pure compression, these panels are characterized by stable post-buckling. Thus, the vibration correlation technique (VCT) is utilized herein as an effective nondestructive means to extrapolate critical loads from free vibration measurements. A hierarchical design of experiments, making use of nested multifactors (i.e. panel replicas, test setups, and measurement repetitions), is employed to estimate components of variance. The experimental outcomes are compared with the results of an advanced finite element model with layer-wise kinematics and based on the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF). The results show that, although obtained with a low number of tests and specimens, the VCT experiments are repeatable and provide a good validation of the numerical simulations, which are demonstrated to be accurate and reliable.</p

Applying Process Mining in a Multilevel Variants Analysis on Collaborative Sales to Cash Activities

Organizations invest many resources and time for improving business process and cooperative work. Traditional process mapping requires a lot of effort to diagnostic performance issues and to understand the main causes of losses. Process mining emerges as a new discipline focused on analyzing process based on real event data aimed to automate discovery of process models; to check conformance and to extend models performance or resource analysis. This paper combines a discovery process mining and a process variant clustering algorithm, focused on obtaining knowledge for a top-down navigation concerning performance cause analysis. An applied industry case was conducted to verify the proposed techniques using a dataset extracted from an ERP. From the results obtained, it was possible to identify the main performance losses segregated by process variants