561 research outputs found
Vector competence for West Nile virus and St. Louis encephalitis virus (flavivirus) of three tick species of the genus Amblyomma (Acari: Ixodidae)
Many species of Amblyomma ticks are commonly found infesting wild birds in South America, where birds are important hosts for several arboviruses, such as West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV). In this study, WNV and SLEV transmission experiments were performed to evaluate the vector competence of three South American tick species: Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma tigrinum, and Amblyomma tonelliae. Larval and nymphal ticks of each species were allowed to feed on chicks needle inoculated with WNV or SLEV. All three Amblyomma species acquired either WNV or SLEV through larval feeding, with infection rates varying from 3.1% to 100% for WNV and from 0% to 35.7% for SLEV in engorged larvae. Transstadial perpetuation of the viruses was demonstrated in the molted nymphs, with WNV infection rates varying from 0% to 33.7% and SLEV infection rates from 13.6% to 23.8%. Although nymphal ticks also acquired either virus through feeding, transstadial perpetuation to adult ticks was lower, with virus detection in only 3.2% of A. tigrinum and 11.5% of A. tonelliae unfed adult ticks. On the other hand, vector competence for nymphs (exposed to WNV or SLEV through larval feeding) and adult ticks (exposed to WNV or SLEV through larval or nymphal feeding) was null in all cases. Although our results indicate transstadial perpetuation of WNV or SLEV in the three tick species, the ticks were not competent to transmit these agents to susceptible hosts. The role of these ixodid tick species in the epidemiology of WNV and SLEV might be insignificant, even though at least A. ovale and A. tigrinum are frequent bird ticks in Latin America, so the virus could survive winter in the fed larvae. However, future studies are required to determine the implications that this could have, as well as analyze the vector competence of other common bird tick species in South America.Fil: Flores, Fernando SebastiĂĄn. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Zanluca, Camila. Instituto Carlos Chagas, Curitiba;Fil: Guglielmone, Alberto Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria Eea, Rafaela; ArgentinaFil: Duarte dos Santos, Claudia N.. Instituto Carlos Chagas, Curitiba;Fil: Labruna, Marcelo B.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Diaz, Luis Adrian. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba; Argentin
Gamit! Icing on the Cake for Mathematics Gamification
Indexado en ScopusGamification has permeated education as a strategy to improve the teaching-learning process. Research shows that gamified reward systems based on badges, leaderboards, and avatars modifies the learning environment and student attitudes. This research aimed primarily to assess the change in attitude towards mathematics in high school students through a gamified methodology involving a reward system managed through a web platform called Gamit! This platform was developed by professors from two Latin American universities to manage gamification in a way that ensured that the anonymity of the class rankings was maintained. A mixed (QUAN-Qual) and quasi-experimental methodological approach was used for this study; two questionnaires were applied to 454 high school students and a focus group was performed with a group of seven professors. The quantitative analysis was processed with SPSS and consisted of ANOVAS and post hoc tests for more than two samples, while the focus group analysis was performed through inductive analysis. Results show benefits for professors and learners. Students improved their attitudes toward mathematics, reducing anxiety and improving willingness, while professors found a dynamic and optimal way to manage gamification on Gamit!.RevisiĂłn por pare
An Indication of Anisotropy in Arrival Directions of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays through Comparison to the Flux Pattern of Extragalactic Gamma-Ray Sources
A new analysis of the data set from the Pierre Auger Observatory provides evidence for anisotropy in the arrivaldirections of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays on an intermediate angular scale, which is indicative of excess arrivalsfrom strong, nearby sources. The data consist of 5514 events above 20 EeV with zenith angles up to 80°recordedbefore 2017 April 30. Sky models have been created for two distinct populations of extragalactic gamma-rayemitters: active galactic nuclei from the second catalog of hard Fermi-LAT sources (2FHL) and starburst galaxiesfrom a sample that was examined with Fermi-LAT. Flux-limited samples, which include all types of galaxies fromthe Swift-BAT and 2MASS surveys, have been investigated for comparison. The sky model of cosmic-ray densityconstructed using each catalog has two free parameters, the fraction of events correlating with astrophysicalobjects, and an angular scale characterizing the clustering of cosmic rays around extragalactic sources. Amaximum-likelihood ratio test is used to evaluate the best values of these parameters and to quantify the strength ofeach model by contrast with isotropy. It is found that the starburst model fits the data better than the hypothesis ofisotropy with a statistical significance of 4.0Ï, the highest value of the test statistic being for energies above39 EeV. The three alternative models are favored against isotropy with 2.7Ï?3.2Ï significance. The origin of theindicated deviation from isotropy is examined and prospects for more sensitive future studies are discussed.Fil: Aab, A.. Radboud University Nijmegen; PaĂses BajosFil: Allekotte, Ingomar. Centro AtĂłmico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Almela, Daniel Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Andrada, B.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Bertou, Xavier Pierre Louis. Centro AtĂłmico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Botti, Ana Martina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Cancio, A.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Contreras, F.. Observatorio Pierre Auger; ArgentinaFil: Etchegoyen, Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Figueira, Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Fuster, Alan Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Golup, Geraldina Tamara. Centro AtĂłmico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: GĂłmez Berisso, M.. Centro AtĂłmico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: GĂłmez Vitale, P. F.. Pierre Auger Observatory; ArgentinaFil: GonzĂĄlez, N.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Hampel, Matias Rolf. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Hansen, Patricia Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de FĂsica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de FĂsica La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Harari, Diego Dario. Centro AtĂłmico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Holt, E.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Hulsman, Johannes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Josebachuili Ogando, Mariela Gisele. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Kleinfeller, J.. Pierre Auger Observatory; ArgentinaFil: Lucero, A.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Mollerach, Maria Silvia. Centro AtĂłmico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Melo, Diego Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: MĂŒller, Ana Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Naranjo, I.. Centro AtĂłmico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Roulet, Esteban. Centro AtĂłmico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez Rojo, J.. Pierre Auger Observatory; ArgentinaFil: SĂĄnchez, F.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Santos, E.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Sarmiento Cano, Christian Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Schmidt, D.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Sciutto, Sergio Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de FĂsica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de FĂsica La Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de FĂsica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de FĂsica La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Silli, Gaia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Suarez, F.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Taborda Pulgarin, Oscar Alejandro. Centro AtĂłmico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro; ArgentinaFil: Wainberg, Oscar Isaac. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Wundheiler, Brian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: Yushkov, Alexey. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. ComisiĂłn Nacional de EnergĂa AtĂłmica. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas. Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn. Instituto de TecnologĂa en DetecciĂłn y AstropartĂculas; ArgentinaFil: The Pierre Auger Collaboration. Pierre Auger Observatory; Argentin
Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory
A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding
eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers
with zenith angles greater than detected with the Pierre Auger
Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum
confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above
eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law with
index followed by
a smooth suppression region. For the energy () at which the
spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence
of suppression, we find
eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory
The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger
Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers.
These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of
the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray
energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30
to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of
the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is
determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated
using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due
to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components.
The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of
the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the
AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air
shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy
-- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy
estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the
surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator
scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent
emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for
the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at
least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy
We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio
emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate
energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of
15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV
arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling
quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from
state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our
measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric
energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with
our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector
against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI.
Supplemental material in the ancillary file
Hot, rocky and warm, puffy super-Earths orbiting TOI-402 (HD 15337)
Context: The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is revolutionising the search for planets orbiting bright and nearby stars. In sectors 3 and 4, TESS observed TOI-402 (TIC-120896927), a bright V = 9.1 K1 dwarf also known as HD 15337, and found two transiting signals with periods of 4.76 and 17.18 days and radii of 1.90 and 2.21 Râ, respectively. This star was observed prior to the TESS detection as part of the radial-velocity (RV) search for planets using the HARPS spectrometer, and 85 precise RV measurements were obtained before the launch of TESS over a period of 14 yr.
Aims: In this paper, we analyse the HARPS RV measurements in hand to confirm the planetary nature of these two signals.
Methods: HD 15337 happens to present a stellar activity level similar to the Sun, with a magnetic cycle of similar amplitude and RV measurements that are affected by stellar activity. By modelling this stellar activity in the HARPS radial velocities using a linear dependence with the calcium activity index log(RHKâČ), we are able, with a periodogram approach, to confirm the periods and the planetary nature of TOI-402.01 and TOI-402.02. We then derive robust estimates from the HARPS RVs for the orbital parameters of these two planets by modelling stellar activity with a Gaussian process and using the marginalised posterior probability density functions obtained from our analysis of TESS photometry for the orbital period and time of transit.
Results: By modelling TESS photometry and the stellar host characteristics, we find that TOI-402.01 and TOI-402.02 have periods of 4.75642 ± 0.00021 and 17.1784 ± 0.0016 days and radii of 1.70 ± 0.06 and 2.52 ± 0.11 Râ (precision 3.6 and 4.2%), respectively. By analysing the HARPS RV measurements, we find that those planets are both super-Earths with masses of 7.20 ± 0.81 and 8.79 ± 1.68 Mâ (precision 11.3 and 19.1%), and small eccentricities compatible with zero at 2Ï.
Conclusions: Although having rather similar masses, the radii of these two planets are very different, putting them on different sides of the radius gap. By studying the temporal evolution under X-ray and UV (XUV) driven atmospheric escape of the TOI-402 planetary system, we confirm, under the given assumptions, that photo-evaporation is a plausible explanation for this radius difference. Those two planets, being in the same system and therefore being in the same irradiation environment are therefore extremely useful for comparative exoplanetology across the evaporation valley and thus bring constraints on the mechanisms responsible for the radius gap
Effect of Ultrasonic-Assisted Blanching on Size Variation, Heat Transfer, and Quality Parameters of Mushrooms
The main aim of this work was to assess the influence
of the application of power ultrasound during blanching
of mushrooms (60 90 °C) on the shrinkage, heat transfer, and
quality parameters. Kinetics of mushroom shrinkage was
modeled and coupled to a heat transfer model for conventional
(CB) and ultrasonic-assisted blanching (UB). Cooking value
and the integrated residual enzymatic activity were obtained
through predicted temperatures and related to the hardness and
color variations of mushrooms, respectively. The application
of ultrasound led to an increase of shrinkage and heat transfer
rates, being this increase more intense at low process temperatures.
Consequently, processing time was decreased (30.7
46.0 %) and a reduction in hardness (25.2 40.8 %) and
lightness (13.8 16.8 %) losses were obtained. The best retention
of hardness was obtained by the UB at 60 °C, while to
maintain the lightness it was the CB and UB at 90 °C. For
enhancing both quality parameters simultaneously, a combined
treatment (CT), which consisted of a CB 0.5 min at
90 °C and then an UB 19.9min at 60 °C, was designed. In this
manner, compared with the conventional treatment at 60 °C,
reductions of 39.1, 27.2, and 65.5 % for the process time,
hardness and lightness losses were achieved, respectively.
These results suggest that the CT could be considered as an
interesting alternative to CB in order to reduce the processing
time and improve the overall quality of blanched mushrooms.The authors acknowledge the financial support of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas and Universidad Nacional de La Plata from Argentina, Erasmus Mundus Action 2-Strand 1 and EuroTango II Researcher Training Program and Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (SPAIN) and the FEDER (project DPI2012-37466-CO3-03).Lespinard, A.; Bon CorbĂn, J.; CĂĄrcel CarriĂłn, JA.; Benedito Fort, JJ.; Mascheroni, RH. (2015). Effect of Ultrasonic-Assisted Blanching on Size Variation, Heat Transfer, and Quality Parameters of Mushrooms. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 8(1):41-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-014-1373-zS415381Aguirre, L., Frias, J. M., Barry-Ryan, C., & Grogan, H. (2009). Modelling browning and brown spotting of mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) stored in controlled environmental conditions using image analysis. Journal of Food Engineering, 91, 280â286.Anantheswaran, R. C., Sastry, S. K., Beelman, R. 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