Developing a program for residents to support training in research

Physicians are expected to be life-long learners and to assimilate and evaluate new knowledge gained from research. Many residencies also require completion of a scholarly project during their residency. However, the majority of residency training is dedicated to enhancing clinical knowledge base and skills. Because residents are quite busy clinically in residency, the research curriculum is designed to help divide the projects into manageable pieces to be accomplished each year. Research-centered education sessions and frequent feedback about their scholarly project progress help to bolster their research training. Overall, we find that a structured research curriculum results in generally positive perceptions of research and increases the ability of residents to successfully complete projects that are worthy of presentation at conferences as well as of publication

USING GHSL TO ANALYZE URBANIZATION AND LAND-USE EFFICIENCY IN THE PHILIPPINES FROM 1975–2020: TRENDS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

This study analyzed the trends and patterns of urbanization and changes in land-use efficiency in the Philippines from 1975–2020 using the Global Human Settlement Layers (GHSL). Utilizing the GHS-BUILT-S, GHS POP, and GHS-SMOD raster datasets from the GHSL Data Package 2023, we examined the spatiotemporal expansion of built-up areas and the growth of population in urban and rural regions of the country. Using the same datasets, we also measured the country's achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)11.3, particularly on inclusive and sustainable urbanization through efficient land utilization, by computing the ratio of land consumption rate (LCR) to the population growth rate (PGR), also known as LCRPGR. The results of our analysis revealed an increasing trend in the overall built-up area and population of the Philippines within the examined period. Built-up areas and population in urban regions more than tripled in size from 1975 to 2020, demonstrating a notable shift towards more urbanized regions over time. In addition to presenting evidence of the Philippines' developmental progress and urbanization, our analysis of GHSL data shows a decline in land consumption, a deceleration in population growth, and an overall enhancement in land-use efficiency within the country. These findings suggest a shift towards more controlled and sustainable land development practices, supporting the country's goal of sustainable urbanization and land management. The implications of these findings are crucial for policymakers and urban planners in the Philippines, offering valuable insights to guide the formulation of effective and comprehensive land management strategies. Further work includes conducting localized analyses at the city or municipality level to provide valuable insights into the unique urbanization patterns and land-use dynamics across different islands and regions, enabling tailored policy interventions and spatial planning strategies to promote sustainable development

ANALYZING THE IMPACTS OF LAND COVER CHANGE TO THE HYDROLOGIC AND HYDRAULIC BEHAVIOURS OF THE PHILIPPINES' THIRD LARGEST RIVER BASIN

Changes in land cover can have negative impacts on the hydrological and hydraulic processes in river basins and watersheds such as increase in surface runoff and peak flows, and greater incidence, risk and vulnerability of flooding. In this study, the impacts of land-cover changes to the hydrologic and hydraulic behaviours of the Agusan River Basin (ARB), the third largest river basin in the Philippines, was analysed using an integrated approach involving Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS), and hydrologic and hydraulic models. Different land-cover classes in the ARB for the years 1995 and 2017 were mapped using Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI images. Using a post-classification change detection approach, changes in land-cover were then determined. The impacts of these changes in land-cover to the to the basin discharge were then estimated using a calibrated hydrologic model based on the Hydrologic Engineering Center - Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) under different extreme rainfall conditions. The impact of the changes in land-cover to flood depth and extent was also determined using a hydraulic model based on the HEC-RAS (River Analysis System). Land cover classification results revealed that the ARB is 67.7% forest in 1995 but have decreased to 62.8% in 2017. Agricultural areas in the basin were also found to have increased from 12.2% to 15.5% in the same period. Other notable land cover changes detected include the increase in built-up lands and range lands, and decrease in barren lands. HEC HMS and HEC RAS model simulation results showed that there was an increase in discharge, flood depth, and flood extents between 1995 and 2017, implying that that the detected changes in land cover have negative impacts to hydrologic and hydraulic behaviours of the ARB

La sociedad de gananciales como régimen supletorio en un sistema convencional de libertad restringida. Contraste entre Perú y España

Este trabajo ofrece un estudio sobre la configuración de la sociedad de gananciales como régimen supletorio en los sistemas jurídicos peruano y español. Existen notables diferencias entre ambos sistemas. El sistema peruano conjuga las características de un régimen convencional, restringido en su ámbito de aplicación —pues se limita a la libre elección de uno de los regímenes patrimoniales legalmente establecidos, como a su sustitución—, con las de un régimen legal. La ley fija el contenido de cada uno de los regímenes entre los que pueden elegir los cónyuges, sin que estos puedan alterar ese contenido ni el régimen supletorio que operará a falta de voluntad expresa. Hay un contraste con el Derecho español común, que tiene, a este respecto, un sistema convencional de libertad absoluta. Los cónyuges tienen amplia autonomía privada para otorgar capitulaciones matrimoniales y pueden incluso pactar la exclusión de la sociedad de gananciales como régimen supletorio. Estas cuestiones son analizadas desde la óptica del derecho comparado. This work offers a study on the configuration of community of property as a suppletive regime in the Peruvian and Spanish legal systems. There are remarkable differences between both systems. Peruvian system combines the characteristics of a conventional regime, restricted in their scope -because it is limited only to the free choice of one of the legally established property regimes, as well as to their replacement-, with the characteristics of a legal regime. The law establishes the content of each of the matrimonial property regimes that spouses can choose, without them being able to alter its contents or the suppletive regime that will operate in the absence of expressed will. There is a contrast with common Spanish Low which has a conventional system of absolute freedom. Spouses hove extensive private autonomy to conclude marriage agreements and may agree to the exclusion of community of property as a suppletive regime. All these issues are analysed from a comparative law perspective

NEAR-REAL TIME HAZARD MONITORING AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION THROUGH INTEGRATION OF REMOTE SENSING, GIS, NUMERICAL MODELLING, WEB APPLICATIONS AND SOCIAL MEDIA

In mitigating and helping lessen the possible effects and damages of disaster to the communities, the transmission of information or end products derived from remote sensing and other multidisciplinary technologies into the community should be immediate, accessible and comprehensive to aid in better planning and decision-making procedures. In this paper, we share a hazard information dissemination procedure which integrates the use of outputs derived from numerical models, web applications and systems as well as the use of social media and telecommunications to promote the utilization of advanced science and technology outputs that could represent and visualize various flooding scenarios through social media and dynamic communication between stakeholders

Complete Calabi-Yau metrics from Kahler metrics in D=4

In the present work the local form of certain Calabi-Yau metrics possessing a local Hamiltonian Killing vector is described in terms of a single non linear equation. The main assumptions are that the complex $(3,0)$-form is of the form $e^{ik}\widetilde{\Psi}$, where $\widetilde{\Psi}$ is preserved by the Killing vector, and that the space of the orbits of the Killing vector is, for fixed value of the momentum map coordinate, a complex 4-manifold, in such a way that the complex structure of the 4-manifold is part of the complex structure of the complex 3-fold. The link with the solution generating techniques of [26]-[28] is made explicit and in particular an example with holonomy exactly SU(3) is found by use of the linearization of [26], which was found in the context of D6 branes wrapping a holomorphic 1-fold in a hyperkahler manifold. But the main improvement of the present method, unlike the ones presented in [26]-[28], does not rely in an initial hyperkahler structure. Additionally the complications when dealing with non linear operators over the curved hyperkahler space are avoided by use of this method.Comment: Version accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.

Toric G_2 and Spin(7) holonomy spaces from gravitational instantons and other examples

Non-compact G_2 holonomy metrics that arise from a T^2 bundle over a hyper-Kahler space are discussed. These are one parameter deformations of the metrics studied by Gibbons, Lu, Pope and Stelle in hep-th/0108191. Seven-dimensional spaces with G_2 holonomy fibered over the Taub-Nut and the Eguchi-Hanson gravitational instantons are found, together with other examples. By considering the Apostolov-Salamon theorem math.DG/0303197, we construct a new example that, still being a T^2 bundle over hyper-Kahler, represents a non trivial two parameter deformation of the metrics studied in hep-th/0108191. We then review the Spin(7) metrics arising from a T^3 bundle over a hyper-Kahler and we find two parameter deformation of such spaces as well. We show that if the hyper-Kahler base satisfies certain properties, a non trivial three parameter deformations is also possible. The relation between these spaces with the half-flat structures and almost G_2 holonomy spaces is briefly discussed.Comment: 27 pages. Typos corrected. Accepted for publication in Commun.Math.Phy

Quality not quantity: organic matter composition controls of CO₂and CH₄fluxes in neotropical peat profiles

Tropical peatlands represent an important source of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) to the atmosphere. However, we do not know where in the peat profile these gases are produced and how controlling factors, such as substrate quality, which can vary substantially with peat age, and anoxic-oxic conditions, interact to determine production rates. To address this knowledge gap, this study investigated if substrate limitation of CO₂ and CH₄ production differs under anoxic-oxic peat conditions using entire peat profiles, from tropical peatlands in Panama. We determined the variation in peat organic chemistry through stratigraphic profiles using tetramethylammonium-pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TMAH-Py-GC/MS). To explore how variation in peat organic chemistry through the depth profile impacted on CO₂ and CH₄ production rates under anoxic-oxic conditions we carried out a series of incubation experiments. The TMAH-Py-GC/MS analysis showed high concentrations of long chain fatty acids (>C₂₀) in surface peat, and variation in the distribution of the lignin monomers through the peat profile. Both anoxic CH₄ and CO₂ production was greatest from the surface of the peat profile with surface peat accounting for 92 ± 1.7 and 54 ± 2.9% of the cumulative CH₄ and CO₂ production, respectively. The high CO₂ and CH₄ production rate under anoxic conditions, in surface peat, was strongly related to greater concentrations of lignin, but also long chain fatty acids and polysaccharides, in this section of the peat profile. As expected, CH₄ production decreased, and became decoupled from peat organic chemistry, following peat aeration. In contrast, aeration dramatically increased CO₂ emissions throughout the entire peat profile. This demonstrates that the recalcitrance of buried peat does not protect C stocks in tropical peatlands, if their water tables are lowered in response to drainage or prolonged drought. In conclusion, our work highlight that information on both labile substrate availability and water table fluctuation are needed to predict CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes from tropical peatlands