MIAF como motor de desarrollo sustentable en la región mazahua del norponiente del Estado de México

El presente documento analiza al sistema milpa intercalada con árboles frutales (MIAF) como una vía de desarrollo sustentable en una de las regiones indígenas con mayor grado de marginación y pobreza, la zona mazahua del norponiente del Estado de México. Como premisas se considera que las políticas de producción agroalimentaria para el desarrollo regional que llegan al territorio local no se basan en los modos de vida de las comunidades, sino que con base en el modelo de desarrollo occidental se ha impulsado la modernización y tecnificación de los modos de producción de las zonas rurales, creando cierta dependencia al uso de fertilizantes, insecticidas, semillas mejoradas, maquinaria de uso de energía fósil y que ha reflejado deterioro de suelos, del ambiente, donde los campesino pobres y marginados han entrado en un círculo de dependencia hacia el Estado. Este panorama lleva a establecer alternativas de largo plazo para un verdadero desarrollo regional sustentable, que en el caso del campo signifique producir más en la misma área de tierra mientras se reducen los impactos ambientales negativos. El sistema MIAF resulta ser una tecnología agrícola sustentable empalmada con la milpa tradicional, ya que intenta aprovechar los terrenos de laderas, a la vez que se minimiza la erosión hídrica del suelo se incrementa la producción alimentaria para el consumo familiar y para generar ingresos extra con la comercialización de los frutos

Conocimiento campesino sobre fertilización del maíz en comunidades Mazahua (Jñatjo) de México

Fertilization is a defining factor in maize (Zea mays L.) yield. However, indigenous knowledge about this process is scarcely documented for its revaluation. The objective was to analyze the factors involved in peasant fertilization of maize. Structured interviews, participative observation, and a questionnaire were carried out with 103 farmers from three Mazahua communities: San Juan Coajomulco, Fresno Nichi and San Pedro el Alto, in Estado de México, during the year 2015. A multivariable analysis was conducted. The index of fidelity, sources, doses, and costs of fertilization were calculated. The grain yield estimated was compared to the regional reference. The fidelity index showed that plant height, female flowering, and leaf color determine the moment of fertilization. The multivariable analyses showed that the similarity between farmer fertilization is also due to the community of origin, occupation, cultivated surface, and amount of phosphorus applied. Farmers combine mineral fertilizers with manure; the average annual cost was $4043 MX per hectare. The grain yield in two of the communities was higher than the one reported locally. Farmers practice dialogue of knowledges when incorporating technology without leaving behind their traditional knowledge.La fertilización es un factor determinante en el rendimiento del maíz (Zea mays L.). Sin embargo, el conocimiento indígena de este proceso es poco documentado para su revaloración. El objetivo fue analizar los factores involucrados en la fertilización campesina del maíz. Se realizaron entrevistas estructuradas, observación participativa y un cuestionario a 103 campesinos de tres comunidades mazahuas: San Juan Coajomulco, Fresno Nichi y San Pedro el Alto, Estado de México, en el año 2015. Se hizo análisis multivariable. El índice de fidelidad, fuentes, dosis y costos de fertilización fueron calculados. El rendimiento del grano estimado se comparó con la referencia regional. El índice de fidelidad mostró que la altura de la planta, la floración femenina y el color de las hojas determinan el momento de la fertilización. Los análisis multivariables mostraron que la similitud entre la fertilización campesina también se debe a la comunidad de origen, ocupación, superficie cultivada y cantidad de fósforo aplicada. Los campesinos combinan fertilizantes minerales con estiércol; el costo promedio anual fue$4043 MX por hectárea. El rendimiento del grano en dos de las comunidades fue mayor que el reportado localmente. Los campesinos practican el diálogo de saberes al incorporar la tecnología sin dejar atrás su conocimiento tradicional

Rendimiento y proteína del maíz intercalado con frijol en arreglos topológicos, densidades y fertilización

Previous studies have shown that yield of corn (Zea mays L.) was higher in strip intercropping with bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) than in monoculture, under similar agronomic management. However, its quality has not been reported in the hybrid studied. Were studied the effects of: 1) planting arrangement of maize ‘H-155’ and black bush beans ‘8025’ in strip intercropping system, 2) the rate of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and 3) density (D) on the corn yield (Ym) and yield components, as well as, its quality in terms of protein content (ProtG), P and K. A field experiment (split plot design experimental) was set up at the Campo Experimental Valle de Mexico in 2012. The main plots were three planting arrangements (PA); corn in monoculture (CM), two rows of corn intercropped in two rows of bush beans (CCBB), and one row of corn intercropped in one row of bush beans (CBCB). Subplots were the treatments of the factorial design 24 : 60 and 120 kg of N, 15 y 45 kg of P2 O5 , 10 and 30 kg of K2 O and 35,500 and 40,500 plants 0.5 ha-1. In intercropping system, corn yield was higher in both planting arrangements than in monoculture, whose yield was 15% lower than planting arrangement CBCB. This result was associated to prolificacy of plants (ears per plant), number of kernels per row of ear and the weight and size of corn grain. Protein content was also higher in both planting arrangements in strip intercropping than in monoculture: CBCB = 8.64 %, CCBB = 8.35 % and CM = 7.85 %, using the lower rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and densitySe analizó el efecto del arreglo topológico del maíz ´H-151´ y frijol arbustivo ´Negro-8025´, la dosis de fertilización, y densidad de población (D); en el rendimiento de grano de maíz (Ym), su contenido de proteína (ProtG), P y K. Se estableció un experimento de parcelas divididas en CEVAMEX-Texcoco, en el año 2012. Las parcelas grandes fueron: cultivo simple de maíz (CSM), dos surcos intercalados con dos de frijol (MMFF), y un surco de cada especie intercalada (MFMF). Las sub-parcelas fueron tratamientos del factorial 24 (dos niveles de los factores de fertilidad con N, P2O5, K2O y Densidad). Ym fue mayor en ambos sistemas intercalados que el cultivo simple, debido al número de mazorcas por planta, granos por hilera en la mazorca y peso y tamaño del grano. ProtG fue mayor en sistemas intercalados comparado con CSM al mismo nivel de fertilización y D

Caminos Alternativos para la Sostenibilidad y el Buen Vivir

En este texto, las diversas perspectivas presentadas en el marco del desarrollo sostenible plantean un tránsito a la sustentabilidad, y de ahí que se considere como una alternativa al buen vivir. Se plantean propuestas a partir de casos documentados que la sociedad organizada trabaja y que brindan alternativas desde su propia racionalidad y sentir, así como el rol del Estado en los procesos sociales en los territorios rurales. Asimismo, se exponen algunos casos de intervención vía políticas públicas y de cuando la sociedad organizada es autogestionaria, y logra proyectos con resultados de impacto que, si bien no son espectaculares, sí dejan huella en su ámbito local de origen

XVII International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "Advanced Science, Technology and Innovation to move towards a new socio-technical system: Sustainable Social Transformation"

Contenido: Approach to the diagnostic of cesarean birth using bio-inspired models. ; Design of a tool in a virtual reality environment to manipulate anatomical models. ; The effect of COVID-19 restrictions on the electricity price forecasting models. ; Depression prevention through artificial intelligence. ; State of the art in Prototypes as complements to the learning of the Colombian Sign Language (LSC). ; A computational proposal for gene expression deterministic analysis in associated disorders to depression and anxiety. ; Evaluation of postural stability from the predictability of the measurement of the center of pressure. ; Psychophysiological Analysis of Sound Stimuli.; Delphi method for the identification of relevant variables in the development of low-power photovoltaic solar projects. ; Socioeconomic impact of a refrigerator powered by a photovoltaic system in La Guajira. ; Energy Efficiency: characteristics that allow the reduction of greenhouse gases in. ; Possibilities for the implementation of a bioreactor from organic waste. ; Energy Potential with Small Hydroelectric Power Plants in Non- interconnected Zones of Colombia. ; Energy Potential in Photovoltaic Solar Solutions in Non-Interconnected Areas of Colombia. ; Photovoltaic system, towards the energy transition from home. ; Blockchain model to increase the transparency of public sector processes. ; Intelligent agricultural irrigation prescription system based on sensor networks and crop modeling. ; Design and implementation of a digital modulation classification system using intelligent algorithms. ; A mobile application proposal to minimize intermediation during agricultural process distribution of products in supply chain. ; Accompanying strategy for the social appropriation of new technologies in vulnerable agricultural communities: case in communities producing Gulupas fruits (Passiflora edulis Sims). ; Predictive model of transparency as an indicator of Public Policies. ; Smart system for recognition of ripening level in blackberry fruits. ; Project-based learning as an alternative methodology for technological education in electronics. ; Design and construction of an automated system for N. ; Four bar mechanisms (FBM) and their Software-Based applications: a reviewFT aquaponic culture of Red Carp and Crespa Lettuce. ; Intelligent search implementation for the construction of states of the art: a python application. ; Indoor and Outdoor propagation models on 5G environments: state of the art. ;The electronic detection of offenders (DOO) in the District Secretary of mobility of Bogotá: a step forward in the configuration of the concept of digital citizenship in Colombia. ; Monitoring through ICT of Mobility: technological collaborative feature to incorporate IoT in a Smart City. ; Characterization model of asphalt mixtures using digital image processing. ; Review: identification of diseases and/or pests in fruit trees through image processing techniques and artificial intelligence. ; VRS applicated to Nasa Yuwe language. ; Application of Pix2Pix for edge reconstruction in images. ; Brushless DC Motor Control System for Active Myoelectric Prosthesis. ; Implementation of a Water Conductivity Measuring System. ; 2 DOF robot programmed with MatLab® (guide and Peter Corke) and Arduino uno for writing alphabetical characters. ; Simulator of the behavior of the center of mass in a quadruped robot. ; Biomimetic prototype for flapping movement of batsContent: Contenido: Approach to the diagnostic of cesarean birth using bio-inspired models. ; Design of a tool in a virtual reality environment to manipulate anatomical models. ; The effect of COVID-19 restrictions on the electricity price forecasting models. ; Depression prevention through artificial intelligence. ; State of the art in Prototypes as complements to the learning of the Colombian Sign Language (LSC). ; A computational proposal for gene expression deterministic analysis in associated disorders to depression and anxiety. ; Evaluation of postural stability from the predictability of the measurement of the center of pressure. ; Psychophysiological Analysis of Sound Stimuli.; Delphi method for the identification of relevant variables in the development of low-power photovoltaic solar projects. ; Socioeconomic impact of a refrigerator powered by a photovoltaic system in La Guajira. ; Energy Efficiency: characteristics that allow the reduction of greenhouse gases in. ; Possibilities for the implementation of a bioreactor from organic waste. ; Energy Potential with Small Hydroelectric Power Plants in Non- interconnected Zones of Colombia. ; Energy Potential in Photovoltaic Solar Solutions in Non-Interconnected Areas of Colombia. ; Photovoltaic system, towards the energy transition from home. ; Blockchain model to increase the transparency of public sector processes. ; Intelligent agricultural irrigation prescription system based on sensor networks and crop modeling. ; Design and implementation of a digital modulation classification system using intelligent algorithms. ; A mobile application proposal to minimize intermediation during agricultural process distribution of products in supply chain. ; Accompanying strategy for the social appropriation of new technologies in vulnerable agricultural communities: case in communities producing Gulupas fruits (Passiflora edulis Sims). ; Predictive model of transparency as an indicator of Public Policies. ; Smart system for recognition of ripening level in blackberry fruits. ; Project-based learning as an alternative methodology for technological education in electronics. ; Design and construction of an automated system for N. ; Four bar mechanisms (FBM) and their Software-Based applications: a reviewFT aquaponic culture of Red Carp and Crespa Lettuce. ; Intelligent search implementation for the construction of states of the art: a python application. ; Indoor and Outdoor propagation models on 5G environments: state of the art. ;The electronic detection of offenders (DOO) in the District Secretary of mobility of Bogotá: a step forward in the configuration of the concept of digital citizenship in Colombia. ; Monitoring through ICT of Mobility: technological collaborative feature to incorporate IoT in a Smart City. ; Characterization model of asphalt mixtures using digital image processing. ; Review: identification of diseases and/or pests in fruit trees through image processing techniques and artificial intelligence. ; VRS applicated to Nasa Yuwe language. ; Application of Pix2Pix for edge reconstruction in images. ; Brushless DC Motor Control System for Active Myoelectric Prosthesis. ; Implementation of a Water Conductivity Measuring System. ; 2 DOF robot programmed with MatLab® (guide and Peter Corke) and Arduino uno for writing alphabetical characters. ; Simulator of the behavior of the center of mass in a quadruped robot. ; Biomimetic prototype for flapping movement of bat

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care