Facing the Trial of Internationalizing Clinical Trials to Developing Countries: Some Evidence from Mexico

In pursuit of innovation, developing countries play an increasingly relevant role for multinational pharmaceutical firms. Driven partly by cost considerations but also by some host country-specific scientific and technological factors, global drug companies increasingly relocate part of their drug development activities to those countries. In particular, expansion of clinical trials performed in some of the more advanced developing countries is notable over the last years. This paper critically addresses some of these issues with particular reference to Mexico. The latter case equally illustrates some challenges developing countries face to accommodate and govern local performance of clinical trials according to strict internationally accepted regulatory and ethical principles.Internationalization of R&D, Governance of clinical trials, Developing countries, Mexico

Human resource management and learning for innovation: pharmaceuticals in Mexico

This paper investigates the influence of human resource management on learning from internal and external sources of knowledge. Learning for innovation is a key ingredient of catching-up processes. The analysis builds on survey data about pharmaceutical firms in Mexico. Results show that the influence of human resource management is contingent on the knowledge flows and innovation goals pursued by the firm. Practices such as training-- particularly from external partners; and remuneration for performance are conducive to learning for innovation.Learning, R&D, human resource management, pharmaceuticals, Mexico

The quality of fiscal adjustment and the long-run growth impact of fiscal policy in Brazil

The authors describe the main trends of Brazil's fiscal policy during the past decade and analyze (1)the ability to raise the primary surplus in response to external shocks, (2) the pro-cyclical nature of fiscal policy, and (3) the long-run impact of government expenditure composition and taxation. They analyze the use of the primary balance as a policy tool within the Drudi-Prati model, wherein the government uses the primary balance to reveal its commitment to service its debt. The authors verify that both the debt ratio and the primary balance are determinants of spreads and credit ratings in Brazil. But the relationship is nonlinear: the impact of the primary balance on spreads is amplified as the debt ratio increases. Using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, the authors analyze the relationship between the primary balance and economic activity, finding a positive correlation in the long run. However, in the short run fiscal expansions are associated with primary balance reductions and vice-versa during output contractions, confirming the procyclical nature of fiscal policy in the short run. The authors use two approaches, ARDL and a cointegrating value at risk (VAR), to analyze the interaction between public expenditure composition and taxation on growth. Similar results are obtained: large elasticities of output with respect to capital stocks, a significant negative impact of taxation on long-run GDP, and a negative impact of increasing government consumption and transfer payments on GDP. These results shed light on the contribution of fiscal policy to disappointing growth performance in Brazil during the past decade.Economic Stabilization,Public Sector Expenditure Analysis&Management,Economic Theory&Research,Fiscal Adjustment,Banks&Banking Reform

Qualidade de vida de pacientes renais crônicos em tratamento hemodialítico no Hospital Universitário - UFSC

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Curso de Medicina. Departamento de Saúde Pública

Osteocondrosis metafisaria cubital : 4 casos clínicos

Se presentan cuatro casos afectados de osteocondrosis metafisaria cubital distal. En todos los casos se trato de establecer una conexion entre los signos radiograficos y el grado de manifestacion clinica. El tratamiento fue, en tres casos, ostectomia diafisaria cubital y conservador en un caso. La evolucion fue valorable excepto en un caso

Simulación por elementos finitos de los primeros instantes de la extrusión de vainas de combustible para centrales nucleares

Se simularon los primeros instantes del proceso de extrusión de vainas de ZRY-4, utilizando el código de Elementos Finitos VELPEF, y un modelo para el material de tipo viscoelástico seudoplástico. Se estudiaron los campos de tensiones, presiones y velocidades, presiones en la matriz, el mandril, el contenedor y el pistón, la influencia en las anteriores de la fricción, la geometría y la temperatura.ZRY-4 cladding estrusion first moments were simulated, by VELPEF finite elements code, and a viscoelastic pseudoplastic model for the material. Stress, strain, presure and velocity fields, pressure on the die, mandrel, container and piston were studied, as weii as the influence of friction, geometry and temperature on the former.Peer Reviewe

Entornos virtuales en asignaturas del área de las tecnologías educativas: estudio de casos múltiples y marco de análisis TPACK

Comunicamos resultados seleccionados de una investigación en torno del Conocimiento Didáctico Tecnológico del Contenido en docentes universitarios, específicamente sobre los niveles de integración curricular de las TIC y su articulación a procesos de innovación didáctica en tres materias vinculadas al campo de las Tecnologías Educativas. Recientemente Koehler, Mishra y Cain aportan la dimensión tecnológica al Conocimiento Didáctico del Contenido, programa iniciado por Shulman a mediados de la decada del 80, cuya incorporación en las aulas universitarias supone considerar su potencialidad en la transformación del contenido de enseñanza, la cognición, entre otros. Adoptamos la estrategia de estudios de casos múltiples, a los que construimos con narrativas docentes y Entornos Virtuales de Enseñanza y Aprendizaje. Las primeras aproximaciones ponen en evidencia que en la mayoría de los proyectos se otorga a las TIC un nivel de uso en el que el aprendizaje y la cognición tienen un papel periférico. Uno, muestra un nivel de integración curricular con visibilidad en el aprender, donde el entorno virtual constituye un potenciador de la propuesta pedagógico-didáctica en lugar de banalizarla, pues los contextos de uso de las TIC generan dinámicas de innovación y mejora en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje.We communicate preliminary results of an investigation around the Didactic Technological Knowledge of the Content in university teachers, specifically on the levels of ICT curricular integration and its articulation to processes of didactic innovation in three subjects related to the field of Educational Technologies. Recently Koehler, Mishra and Cain provide the technological dimension to the Didactic Knowledge of Content, program initiated by Shulman in the mid-1980s, whose incorporation in the university classrooms means considering its potential in the transformation of teaching content, cognition, among others. We adopted the multi-case study strategy, to those we build with teaching narratives and Virtual Environments of Teaching and Learning. The first approximations show that in most projects ICT is given a level of use in which learning and cognition have a peripheral role. One, shows a level of curricular integration with visibility in learning, where the virtual environment is an enhancer of the pedagogical-didactic proposal instead of trivializing it, since the contexts of ICT use generate dynamics of innovation and improvement in the teaching and learning processes.Fil: Flores, Fernando Agustin Santiago. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Humanidades. Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentin

Golden proportion: do divino à medicina dentária

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas MonizIntrodução: Na natureza, na arte e na vida, existe um princípio comum. Uma proporção mágica que define o que é agradável: A proporção áurea ou golden proportion. (Paul M. M. C. & Abraham S. T., 2013) Desde os primeiros matemáticos como Fibonacci, passando por antigos artistas e pintores como Pablo Picasso e inventores como Leonardo Da Vinci até à Medicina do presente, a proporção áurea tem levantado dúvidas quanto à sua origem e aplicação. Tornou-se símbolo da estética e da beleza natural acabando por ser alvo das mais variadas aplicações e decomposições matemáticas. Na Medicina Dentária a componente estética é cada vez mais uma área de relevância. O sorriso tem um papel muito importante no comportamento humano e na comunicação. Estudos revelam que a nível pessoal o sorriso tem um grande impacto na vida de um indivíduo, tanto na sua autoestima como na sua vida profissional. Numa sociedade que cada vez mais procura a beleza com os mais variados argumentos, a face torna-se prioridade estética número um. Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar, caracterizar e entender o conceito desta proporção mágica analisando como esta proporção pode ajudar o Médico Dentista na sua prática clinica diária. Conclusões: A procura pelo sorriso perfeito e pela metodologia clínica ideal para o atingir, faz com que este tema, outrora considerado de origem divina, seja cada vez mais aprofundado e estudado. Todas as utilizações da golden proportion resultam em concordância estética perante o olho humano, naturalmente a Medicina Dentária não é exceção. Sem dúvida que a Golden Proportion é uma ajuda que, aplicada à medicina dentária, pode ser preciosa em determinados casos