Alternative method for the learning of a foreign language in a clil school

Este trabajo ha surgido de mi experiencia personal como maestra en Lenguas Extranjeras en un colegio bilingüe donde se lleva a cabo una metodología para la enseñanza de las lenguas, en este caso el inglés, nada habitual. El hecho de, por un lado, ver unos resultados magníficos a nivel lingüístico en los niños del centro al terminar la Educación Primaria; y, por otro lado, el nivel de estrés y, a veces, contradicción que yo he vivido como especialista del área de Inglés en el Primer Ciclo de esta etapa han hecho de este trabajo de análisis e investigación algo revelador y enriquecedor. La intención principal ha sido verificar si el método se atiene a la normativa vigente y si realmente ayuda o perjudica al desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa, máximo fin en el área de Lengua Extranjera.This research comes from my personal experience as a Foreign Language teacher in a bilingual school where a not common methodology for the language learning is carried out. The fact that learners have magnific linguistic results when finishing Primary Education; and, on the other hand, the level of estress and contradiction that I have experimented as English teacher in the First Cycle of this stage, make this work to be something revealing and rewarding. The main intention has been to verify if such method sets its roots on the current normative and if it really help or damage the development of the communicative competence, main aim of the Foreign Language Area.Grado en Educación Primari

Can solar tower plants withstand the operational flexibility of combined cycle plants?

The aim of this work is to investigate the level of reliability of a 100 MWe solar tower plant operating as a load-following plant using actual operational data of combined cycle power plants. Despite the low cost, the steam generator has been identified as the main cause of unavailability of solar tower plants due to fatigue failures of tube-to-tubesheet joints, which can lead to steam/water leakage into the heat transfer fluid circuit, putting the plant performance at risk. A methodology based on the ASME code and EN standards is proposed to predict the fatigue failures of critical welded points of the steam generator, such as tube-to-tubesheet joints and other T-joints. The results show that the forced outages due to failures of the steam generator lead to an energy penalty that ranges over 230-453 GWh over the plant lifetime. The associated annual degradation rate ranges over 0.123-0.244%. Three tube leakage repair strategies are compared: tube-to-tubesheet weld crack repair, tube plugging and tube plugging with steam generator replacement. The latter strategy was shown to be the best practice because the lowest levelized cost of energy was obtained. In addition, the design of heat exchangers with a minimum of 20% extra area is highly recommended to not compromise the plant operation due to tube plugging. Last, the load-following operation of the solar tower plant increases the levelized cost of energy by approximately 1.6% in the case of tube repair and approximately 0.8% in the case of tube plugging with steam generator replacement.This research is partially funded by the Spanish government under the project RTI2018-096664-B-C21 (MICINN/FEDER, UE) and the fellowship "Programa de apoyo a la realización de proyectos interdisciplinares de I + D para jóvenes investigadores de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid 2019-2020" under the project ZEROGASPAIN-CM-UC3M (2020/00033/001)

Naturally graded Zinbiel algebras with nilindex n - 3

We present the classification of a subclass of n-dimensional naturally graded Zinbiel algebras. This subclass has the nilindex n − 3 and the characteristic sequence (n − 3, 2, 1). In fact, this result completes the classification of naturally graded Zinbiel algebras of nilindex n − 3

Influence of the steam generator on the exergetic and exergoeconomic analysis of solar tower plants

Solar power tower plants differ from conventional power plants in the steam generator design due to the higher heat duty. In this work, the influence of the steam generator heat exchangers (preheater, evaporator, superheater and reheater) on a solar power plant with molten salt receiver and thermal storage is studied for the first time. Energy, exergy and exergoeconomic analyses give a complete view of the cost flows within the system. The pinch point temperature difference in the evaporator is used as the main variable as it changes the steam generator design and the operating conditions of the plant, such as the inlet temperature of the receiver and the salt mass flow. All heat exchangers are designed and optimized at minimum cost for each pinch point to fulfill the thermomechanical limitations of TEMA standards and Pressure Vessel code. The field of heliostats, molten-salt receiver and the power-block (110 MWe) designs are kept constant throughout the paper. A low pinch point should be used to minimize the plant exergy destruction while the exergoeconomic approach obtains an optimum pinch point around 2-3 °C. Furthermore, the low exergoeconomic factor values show that the heat exchangers of the SG are crucial for the plant operation

Technical feasibility analysis of a linear particle solar receiver

This work proposes a new particle receiver for Concentrating Solar Technology (CST) that employs air and particles as heat transfer fluid (HTF). The novel Linear Particle Solar Receiver (LPSR) is located at the ground level receiving the concentrated solar energy linearly from the top. This receiver is formed by several fluidized beds connected consecutively allowing the horizontal movement of solids and the linear absorption of solar energy. A new solar field is proposed and analyzed to redirect the concentrated solar energy towards the receiver linearly. The optic analysis of a linear beam-down system is carried out using a ray-tracing software. Then, the performance of a linear particle solar receiver is analyzed considering target temperatures of 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C to reproduce CST integration with medium and high temperature process heat, Rankine power generation and supercritical CO2 (sCO2) cycles, respectively. The temperature of the hot streams of air and sand are calculated considering the heat losses from the receiver and the compressor parasitic consumption. The procedure to determine the optimum design is shown studying one line as a function of the target temperature. For instance, a sand mass flow of 1.75 kg/s in a receiver of 0.5 m width and a secondary reflector eccentricity of 0.8, can be heated up to 600 °C in a length of 280 m, showing a solar field efficiency of 40.25% and a receiver thermal efficiency of 80%.This work has been supported by the Spanish Government under the project ENE2015-69486-R (MINECO/FEDER, UE), by "Comunidad de Madrid" and European Structural Funds under the project ACES2030-CM project (S2018/EMT-4319) and by the fellowship "Ayuda a la investigación en energía y medio ambiente" of Fundación Iberdrola España

Some properties of evolution algebras

The paper is devoted to the study of finite dimensional complex evolu- tion algebras. The class of evolution algebras isomorphic to evolution algebras with Jordan form matrices is described. For finite dimensional complex evolution algebras the criteria of nilpotency is established in terms of the properties of corresponding matrices. Moreover, it is proved that for nilpotent n−dimensional complex evolution algebras the possible maximal nilpotency index is 1 + 2n−1 . The criteria of planarity for finite graphs is formulated by means of evolution algebras defined by graphs.Junta de Andalucía FQM-14

Naturally Graded 2-Filiform Leibniz Algebras

The Leibniz algebras appear as a generalization of the Lie algebras [8]. The classification of naturally graded p-filiform Lie algebras is known [3], [4], [5], [9]. In this work we deal with the classification of 2-filiform Leibniz algebras. The study of p-filiform Leibniz non Lie algebras is solved for p = 0 (trivial) and p = 1 [1]. In this work we get the classification of naturally graded non Lie 2-filiform Leibniz algebras

Leibniz Algebras Whose Semisimple Part is Related to sl2

In this paper we identify the structure of complex finite-dimensional Leibniz algebras with associated Lie algebras sl1 2⊕sl2 2⊕· · ·⊕sls 2⊕R, where R is a solvable radical. The classifications of such Leibniz algebras in the cases dimR = 2, 3 and dimI 6= 3 have been obtained. Moreover, we classify Leibniz algebras with L/I ∼= sl1 2⊕sl2 2 and some conditions on ideal I = id < [x, x] | x ∈ L

On complex nilpotent Leibniz superalgebras of nilindex n+m

We present the description up to isomorphism of Leibniz superal- gebras with characteristic sequence (n|m1, . . . ,mk) and nilindex n+m, where m = m1 + · · · + mk, n and m (m 6= 0) are dimensions of even and odd parts, respectively.Junta de Andalucía FQM-14

p-Filiform Zinbiel algebras

The paper deals with the classification of a subclass of finite-dimensional Zinbiel algebras: the naturally graded p-filiform Zinbiel algebras. A Zinbiel algebra is the dual to Leibniz algebra in Koszul sense. We prove that there exists, up to isomorphism, only one family of naturally graded p-filiform Zinbiel algebras under hypothesis n − p 4