Metallic Species In Ambient Air Particles. PM10

In the present work metallic species of particulate matter(PM10) present in an urban area of Gran Canaria Island were quantified. Experimental measurements were carried out from October 2004 to September 2005 with a total of 53 samples (4 or 5 per month). PM10 was collected in fiber filters using high volume samplers. The average concentration was 32,6 ± 19,6 μg/m3. PM10 was determined gravimetrically. Concentrations of metallic elements were analized by atomic emission spectrophotometry using an ICP-OES. Two categories of elements were found: “abundant” and “scarce”. The examined elements were characterized according to their origin from natural or anthropogenic emissions on the basis of enrichment factors. Factor analysis of elemental composition pattern was also used to identify possible pollution source-types

Metallic species in ambient air particles of Canary Islands. Soluble fraction in total suspended matter

En el presente trabajo se cuantifican las fracciones metalicas total y soluble de la materia en suspensión total (MST),en una zona urbana de Gran Canaria. Las medidas se realizaron entre octubre de 2004 y septiembre de 2005 sobre un total de 53 muestras (4 o 5 por mes). La materia en suspensión total se recogió en fíltros de fibra de vídrio usando muestreadores de alto volumen. La concentración media resulto ser 68,5 ・} 35,5 μg/m3 . La MST se determinó gravimétricamente. La materia soluble en agua se extrajo mediante sonicación. Las concentraciones de los elementos metálicos se determinaron por espectrometría de emisión atómica, usando un ICP-OES. Se encontraron dos categorias de elementos de acuerdo con sus niveles de concentración: “abundantes” y “escasos”. En la fracción soluble los “abundantes” fueron principalmente Na,Ca, K y Zn; entre los “escasos” predominan Cu y Ti. Se estableció la disponibilidad de todos los elementos solubles, encontrandose altos coeficientes para todos ellos y especialmente para el Mn(99,9%). A fin de identificar las fuentes para dichos elementos se uso el análisis factorial. Los resultados muestran que Al, Ca, Fe, Mg y K provienen de fuentes naturales, en tanto que Ni, Co, V, Mo, Pt, Zn, Cu, Sb y Cr son antropogénicos

Análise genômica da resistência ao monepantel e investigação epigenética em Haemonchus contortus.

Na ovinocultura, são grandes os prejuízos causados tanto por Haemonchus contortus quanto pela resistência desse parasita aos anti-helmínticos. Assim, no presente trabalho, foram investigados polimorfismos associados à resistência ao monepantel em H. contortus após sequenciamento genômico. Com taxas de mapeamento de 79,12% a 79,43% e cobertura de 64,54 a 71,22X, foram detectados Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) em éxons e variantes de alto impacto nos genes codificantes para: subunidade de receptor nicotínico de acetilcolina, transportadores ABC, glicoproteína-P, proteínas afetadas por outros anti-helmínticos, proteínas de canal de íons, peptidases, kinases e genes da maquinaria epigenética de modificação de histonas. Em análises de enriquecimento, destacaram-se genes envolvidos em locomoção, atividade de peptidase, canal de íons, transportador e receptor acoplado à proteína-G. Ainda, por investigação in silico, foram encontradas evidências da ausência de metilação do DNA em H. contortus. Dessa maneira, os polimorfismos identificados precisam ser investigados como marcadores moleculares de resistência ao monepantel e, assim, contribuírem para o diagnóstico precoce da resistência e monitoramento da eficácia de anti-helmínticos. Além disso, podem ser considerados potenciais alvos para o desenvolvimento de tratamentos alternativos ou de novos fármacos, incluindo os de efeito epigenético, para o controle de H. contortus em rebanhos ovinos.bitstream/item/188030/1/Boletim43.pd

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health