Modeling Strategy for Injectivity in SWAG Processes

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Two scenarios on a potential smoothness breakdown for the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations

In this paper we construct two families of initial data being arbitrarily large under any scaling-invariant norm for which their corresponding weak solution to the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations become smooth on either $[0,T_1]$ or $[T_2,\infty)$, respectively, where $T_1$ and $T_2$ are two times prescribed previously. In particular, $T_1$ can be arbitrarily large and $T_2$ can be arbitrarily small. Therefore, possible formation of singularities would occur after a very long or short evolution time, respectively. We further prove that if a large part of the kinetic energy is consumed prior to the first (possible) blow-up time, then the global-in-time smoothness of the solutions follows for the two families of initial data.Comment: 16 pages, no figures. Some typos have been correcte

Innovation, Diffusion, and Trade: Theory and Measurement

Growth and imports are correlated across countries, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not well understood. I develop a multi-country model in which imports and growth are connected by technological innovations and their international diffusion through trade. Fitting the model to data on innovation, productivity, and trade in varieties, I find that most of the growth-imports correlation is explained by these two mechanisms. I also find that the trade channel has been particularly important in developing countries, accounting for about three-fourths of their growth. Finally, I run counterfactuals analysis.Trade, productivity, innovation, technology diffusion, growth

Convergence to suitable weak solutions for a finite element approximation of the Navier-Stokes equations with numerical subgrid scale modeling

In this work we prove that weak solutions constructed by a variational multiscale method are suitable in the sense of Scheffer. In order to prove this result, we consider a subgrid model that enforces orthogonality between subgrid and finite element components. Further, the subgrid component must be tracked in time. Since this type of schemes introduce pressure stabilization, we have proved the result for equal-order velocity and pressure finite element spaces that do not satisfy a discrete inf-sup condition.Comment: 23 pages, no figure

On the approximation of turbulent fluid flows by the Navier-Stokes-α\alpha equations on bounded domains

The Navier-Stokes-$\alpha$ equations belong to the family of LES (Large Eddy Simulation) models whose fundamental idea is to capture the influence of the small scales on the large ones without computing all the whole range present in the flow. The constant $\alpha$ is a regime flow parameter that has the dimension of the smallest scale being resolvable by the model. Hence, when $\alpha=0$, one recovers the classical Navier-Stokes equations for a flow of viscous, incompressible, Newtonian fluids. Furthermore, the Navier-Stokes-$\alpha$ equations can also be interpreted as a regularization of the Navier-Stokes equations, where $\alpha$ stands for the regularization parameter. In this paper we first present the Navier-Stokes-$\alpha$ equations on bounded domains with no-slip boundary conditions by means of the Leray regularization using the Helmholtz operator. Then we study the problem of relating the behavior of the Galerkin approximations for the Navier-Stokes-$\alpha$ equations to that of the solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations on bounded domains with no-slip boundary conditions. The Galerkin method is undertaken by using the eigenfunctions associated with the Stokes operator. We will derive local- and global-in-time error estimates measured in terms of the regime parameter $\alpha$ and the eigenvalues. In particular, in order to obtain global-in-time error estimates, we will work with the concept of stability for solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations in terms of the $L^2$ norm

The role of Service Design in the alignment of the PuzzlePhone with the Circular Economy

The goal of this portfolio thesis is to reveal how Service Design can be used to align the typically complex stakeholder map around the R&D of complicated consumer electronics products like the PuzzlePhone: the modular smartphone sponsored by the European Commission to become an open industrial standard. The PuzzlePhone’s specifications make possible a business plan that enables said stakeholders to transition from linear into circular economy models and consumption patterns. Moreover, this thesis exposes how Service Design helps to visualize and communicate, effectively and efficiently, how the product fits into the narrative of Hardware-as-a-Service (HaaS) use cases, while its associated requirements remain technically and financially feasible by using mostly Commercial Off-The-Shelve parts (COTS). Service Design played a key role in guiding Circular Devices Oy efforts – the Finnish company behind the PuzzlePhone and its subsequent PuzzleCompatible open standard – towards the creation of a celebrated and multi-awarded solution for the increasing challenge of electronics waste (e-waste). According to many experts and regulators planned obsolescence is one of the main causes of e-waste. Circular Devices serviceable smartphone simultaneously becomes the de facto open standard for the industry, while it creates additional revenue streams for suppliers, customers, clients, end-users, and recyclers thanks to its HaaS angle, rooted in the Service Design mindset. Consequently, this thesis relies not only on the extensive market re-search conducted by Circular Devices team, a crew of international experts from more than eight different nationalities, but on the common knowledge base of their accumulated collective experience of more than two hundred years in product development, business development, eco-design, entrepreneurism, and communication. Circular Devices crew combined Human-Centred Design, Eco-design, and New Product Development techniques, among other tools, to research and develop the modular smartphone standard sponsored by the European Commission through a Horizon 2020 research project. The five publications featured at this portfolio thesis provide, when combined, an accurate description of the impact of their work, and a partial dissection of their methodology. This thesis provides the missing perspective by exposing how Service Design guided the inventor of the PuzzlePhone, and founder of Circular Devices, to successfully assist his team in their endeavours, and how serviceable products can be much more than disposable consumer goods. Under the light of the author’s appreciation on how Service Design was always at the heart of his analytical and decision-making processes there is a rationale that debunks the typical arguments used by the industry against any spurious attempt to regulate the so-called planned obsolescence. Service Design is the catalyzer revealing that there is real and untapped value in longer lifespans awaiting to be discovered by those users and corporates willing to evolve into the only possible outcome: a sustainable future

Technology Innovation and Diffusion as Sources of Output and Asset Price Fluctuations

We develop a model in which innovations in an economy's growth potential are an important driving force of the business cycle. The framework shares the emphasis of the recent "new shock" literature on revisions of beliefs about the future as a source of fluctuations, but differs by tieing these beliefs to fundamentals of the evolution of the technology frontier. An important feature of the model is that the process of moving to the frontier involves costly technology adoption. In this way, news of improved growth potential has a positive effect on current hours. As we show, the model also has reasonable implications for stock prices. We estimate our model for data post-1984 and show that the innovations shock accounts for nearly a third of the variation in output at business cycle frequencies. The estimated model also accounts reasonably well for the large gyration in stock prices over this period. Finally, the endogenous adoption mechanism plays a significant role in amplifying other shocks.Business Cycles, Endogenous Technology Adoption, News Shocks, Stock Market.

Sampling Spanish foreign candidates in local elections. Methodological note

El aumento de la movilidad intraeuropea, potenciado por las sucesivas ampliaciones de la UE, ha puesto en valor la importancia de la participación política de los residentes extranjeros, especialmente en términos de su elegibilidad en las elecciones municipales españolas. En el contexto del proyecto de investigación titulado “La participación política como candidatos de los residentes europeos en España” (Ref. CSO2012-32930), este texto metodológico muestra cómo se ha utilizado un muestreo de tipo onomástico para identificar a los extranjeros que forman parte de las listas de los partidos que se han presentado en las elecciones locales españolas desde el año 2007 al 2015. El trabajo recoge las fases de implementación técnica asociadas al diseño, con la finalidad de determinar la población muestreada.The increase in intra-European mobility, powered by the successive enlargements of the EU, has higlighted the importance of the political participation of foreign residents, particularly in terms of eligibility, in the Spanish municipal elections. In the context of a research project entitled "Political participation as candidates of European residents in Spain" (Ref. CSO2012-32930), this methodological text shows the way we used an onomastic sampling to identify foreigners who are part of the party lists presented in the Spanish local elections, from year 2007 to 2015. This paper covers the technical implementation phases associated with the design, in order to determine the sampled population.Este trabajo se enmarca en el proyecto de investigación “La participación política como candidatos de los residentes europeos en España” (Ref. CSO2012-32930), financiado por la Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, España

Percepcions entorn de la llengua en un centre educatiu amb PPEC a Pego

En aquest TFG és pretén conèixer les percepcions dels xiquets de primària sobre la llengua d'un poble valencianoparlant, però a una escola on sols hi ha una línia amb un Programa Plurilingüe d'Ensenyament en Castellà. Tractarem d'esmentar com conviuen les dos llengües en aquest context específic, per això ens farem servir de l'etnografia educativa