Ampliação do banco in vitro do gênero Ananas.

A conservação in vitro é uma estratégia que deve ser considerada para a criação de cópias de segurança de importantes coleções de germoplasma. Além de apresentar vantagens sobre a conservação em campo, permite a disponibilização de acessos para uso e intercâmbio de forma rápida e segura. A Embrapa possui uma coleção de germoplasma de abacaxi com 624 acessos do gênero Ananas e espécies afins, em condições de campo. Uma duplicata de segurança in vitro vem sendo introduzida desde 2003, com aproximadamente 200 acessos já estabelecidos.PDF. 097_11

Introdução de novos acessos no banco in vitro do gênero Ananas

A conservação in vitro é uma estratégia que deve ser considerada para a criação de cópias de segurança de importantes coleções de germoplasma. Além de apresentar vantagens sobre a conservação em campo, permite a disponibilização de acessos para uso e intercâmbio de forma rápida e segura. A Embrapa possui uma coleção de germoplasma de abacaxi com 624 acessos do gênero Ananas e espécies afins, em condições de campo. UPDF. 61

Cold-Induced Urticaria: A Reality in Characterization

Introdução: A urticária ao frio (UF), habitualmente considerada como benigna e autolimitada, é muitas vezes não diagnosticada nem devidamente valorizada. No entanto, pode ser causa de reacção sistémica grave, potencialmente fatal. Objectivos e Métodos: De forma a aprofundar o conhecimento sobre esta patologia, avaliámos 16 doentes com UF, caracterizando a clínica, etiologia e duração da doença. Resultados: A média etária foi de 18,3 anos (7-54 anos), com predomínio de crianças com menos de 18 anos (63%) e do sexo masculino (62,5%). O início dos sintomas ocorreu entre os 3 e os 46 anos. Em 5 doentes foi adquirida tolerância, variando a duração da doença entre 2 e 7 anos (média de 3,8 anos). Nos 11 doentes que mantinham sintomas, o tempo médio da doença foi de 4,3 anos (1-9 anos). As queixas eram do tipo imediato em todos os doentes, ocorrendo sobretudo no decurso de actividades aquáticas, mas também com exposição a ar frio, chuva, neve, ingestão de alimentos frios e manipulação de objectos frios. O padrão clínico foi do tipo I (urticária/angioedema localizado) em 4 doentes, do tipo II (urticária/angioedema generalizado, sem hipotensão) em 6, e do tipo III (reacção sistémica grave) em 6 (dos quais 5 eram crianças). O teste do cubo de gelo foi positivo em todos os casos, à excepção de 2 casos de UF atípica. Na maioria dos doentes com padrão clínico tipo III, o teste foi positivo com ≤ 3 minutos de estimulação. A maioria dos casos(81%) correspondeu a UF adquirida idiopática, destacando-se 3 casos de UF adquirida secundária: 1 criança com crioglobulinémia primária e 2 com uma forma secundária a infecção por vírus Epstein-Barr. Nenhum doente tinha história familiar de UF. Em 3 doentes a UF associava-se a outra urticária física: urticária colinérgica (2) e urticária aquagénica (1). A melhoria sintomática foi obtida em todos os doentes com anti histamínicos (isoladamente ou em associação). Foi prescrito kit de adrenalina nos casos com padrão clínico tipo III. Conclusões: A UF adquirida idiopática foi o tipo mais frequente, destacando-se 3 casos raros de UF secundária, um a crioglobulinémia primária e dois a mononucleose infecciosa. A quantificação do resultado do teste do cubo de gelo revelou-se importante para a avaliação da gravidade da doença e para o seguimento do doente. A UF manifestou-se, num elevado número de doentes, por reacção sistémica grave, particularmente em crianças e durante actividades aquáticas, realçando a importância do reconhecimento desta entidade clínica

Evolution of Marine Organisms under Climate Change at Different Levels of Biological Organisation

Research to date has suggested that both individual marine species and ecological processes are expected to exhibit diverse responses to the environmental effects of climate change. Evolutionary responses can occur on rapid (ecological) timescales, and yet studies typically do not consider the role that adaptive evolution will play in modulating biological responses to climate change. Investigations into such responses have typically been focused at particular biological levels (e.g., cellular, population, community), often lacking interactions among levels. Since all levels of biological organisation are sensitive to global climate change, there is a need to elucidate how different processes and hierarchical interactions will influence species fitness. Therefore, predicting the responses of communities and populations to global change will require multidisciplinary efforts across multiple levels of hierarchy, from the genetic and cellular to communities and ecosystems. Eventually, this may allow us to establish the role that acclimatisation and adaptation will play in determining marine community structures in future scenarios

Impact of Vutrisiran on Quality of Life and Physical Function in Patients with Hereditary Transthyretin-Mediated Amyloidosis with Polyneuropathy

INTRODUCTION: Hereditary transthyretin (ATTRv; v for variant) amyloidosis, also known as hATTR amyloidosis, is a progressive and fatal disease associated with rapid deterioration of physical function and patients' quality of life (QOL). Vutrisiran, a subcutaneously administered RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutic that reduces hepatic production of transthyretin, was assessed in patients with ATTRv amyloidosis with polyneuropathy in the pivotal HELIOS-A study. METHODS: The phase 3 open-label HELIOS-A study investigated the efficacy and safety of vutrisiran in patients with ATTRv amyloidosis with polyneuropathy, compared with an external placebo group from the APOLLO study of the RNAi therapeutic patisiran. Measures of QOL and physical function were assessed. RESULTS: At month 18, vutrisiran improved Norfolk Quality of Life-Diabetic Neuropathy (Norfolk QOL-DN) total score (least squares mean difference [LSMD] in change from baseline [CFB]: –21.0; p = 1.84 × 10–10) and Norfolk QOL-DN domain scores, compared with external placebo. This benefit relative to external placebo was evident across all baseline polyneuropathy disability (PND) scores and most pronounced in patients with baseline PND scores I–II. Compared with external placebo, vutrisiran also demonstrated benefit in EuroQoL-Visual Analog Scale (EQ-VAS) score (LSMD in CFB: 13.7; nominal p = 2.21 × 10–7), 10-m walk test (LSMD in CFB: 0.239 m/s; p = 1.21 × 10–7), Rasch-built Overall Disability Score (LSMD in CFB: 8.4; p = 3.54 × 10–15), and modified body mass index (mBMI) (LSMD in CFB: 140.7; p = 4.16 × 10–15) at month 18. Overall, Norfolk QOL-DN, EQ-VAS, and mBMI improved from pretreatment baseline with vutrisiran, whereas all measures worsened from baseline in the external placebo group. At month 18, Karnofsky Performance Status was stable/improved from baseline in 58.2/13.1% with vutrisiran versus 34.7/8.1% with external placebo. CONCLUSION: Vutrisiran treatment provided significant clinical benefits in multiple measures of QOL and physical function in patients with ATTRv amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. Benefits were most pronounced in patients with earlier-stage disease, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment

Mechanisms Establishing TLR4-Responsive Activation States of Inflammatory Response Genes

Precise control of the innate immune response is required for resistance to microbial infections and maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis. Because this response involves coordinate regulation of hundreds of genes, it provides a powerful biological system to elucidate the molecular strategies that underlie signal- and time-dependent transitions of gene expression. Comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the epigenetic and transcription status of the TLR4-induced transcriptional program in macrophages suggests that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent activation of nearly all immediate/early- (I/E) and late-response genes results from a sequential process in which signal-independent factors initially establish basal levels of gene expression that are then amplified by signal-dependent transcription factors. Promoters of I/E genes are distinguished from those of late genes by encoding a distinct set of signal-dependent transcription factor elements, including TATA boxes, which lead to preferential binding of TBP and basal enrichment for RNA polymerase II immediately downstream of transcriptional start sites. Global nuclear run-on (GRO) sequencing and total RNA sequencing further indicates that TLR4 signaling markedly increases the overall rates of both transcriptional initiation and the efficiency of transcriptional elongation of nearly all I/E genes, while RNA splicing is largely unaffected. Collectively, these findings reveal broadly utilized mechanisms underlying temporally distinct patterns of TLR4-dependent gene activation required for homeostasis and effective immune responses

Low level methylmercury exposure affects neuropsychological function in adults

BACKGROUND: The neurotoxic effects of methylmercury (MeHg) have been demonstrated in both human and animal studies. Both adult and fetal brains are susceptible to the effects of MeHg toxicity. However, the specific effects of adult exposures have been less well-documented than those of children with prenatal exposures. This is largely because few studies of MeHg exposures in adults have used sensitive neurological endpoints. The present study reports on the results of neuropsychological testing and hair mercury concentrations in adults (>17 yrs) living in fishing communities of Baixada Cuiabana (Mato Grosso) in the Pantanal region of Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in six villages on the Cuiaba River. Participants included 129 men and women older than 17 years of age. They were randomly selected in proportion to the age range and number of inhabitants in each village. Questionnaire information was collected on demographic variables, including education, occupation, and residence history. Mercury exposure was determined by analysis of hair using flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The neurocognitive screening battery included tests from the Wechsler Memory Scale and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Concentrated Attention Test of the Toulouse-Pierron Factorial Battery, the Manual Ability Subtests of the Tests of Mechanical Ability, and the Profile of Mood States. RESULTS: Mercury exposures in this population were associated with fish consumption. The hair mercury concentration in the 129 subjects ranged from 0.56 to 13.6 μg/g; the mean concentration was 4.2 ± 2.4 micrograms/g and the median was 3.7 μg/g. Hair mercury levels were associated with detectable alterations in performance on tests of fine motor speed and dexterity, and concentration. Some aspects of verbal learning and memory were also disrupted by mercury exposure. The magnitude of the effects increased with hair mercury concentration, consistent with a dose-dependent effect. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that adults exposed to MeHg may be at risk for deficits in neurocognitive function. The functions disrupted in adults, namely attention, fine-motor function and verbal memory, are similar to some of those previously reported in children with prenatal exposures