750 research outputs found
PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST AVIAN PARAMYXOVIRUS TYPE 1 IN BACKYARD TURKEYS IN FOUR PROVINCES OF LIMA, PERU
El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Paramixovirus Aviar Tipo 1 (APMV-1) en pavos de crianza familiar (n=388) en cuatro provincias del departamento de Lima (Lima, Huaral, Huaura y Barranca), PerĂș. Las mues- tras fueron colectadas durante los meses de agosto a diciembre de 2008, y fueron anali- zadas mediante la prueba serolĂłgica de InhibiciĂłn de la HemoaglutinaciĂłn. Se encontrĂł una prevalencia de 3.9%, observĂĄndose que 15/388 pavos presentaron tĂtulos de anticuerpos compatibles a un desafĂo viral con cepas de campo del PMVA-1. La mayor frecuencia de muestras positivas (10/15) se observĂł en la provincia de Lima, mientras que no se tuvo muestras positivas en la provincia de Barranca. Se concluye que los pavos de crianza familiar de tres provincias de Lima estuvieron expuestos a alguna cepa de PMVA-l, constituyendo un reservorio del virus.The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies against avian Paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) in backyard turkeys (n=388) in four provinces of Lima, Peru (Lima, Huaral, Huaura, and Barranca). Blood samples were collected from August to December 2008 and analyzed by hemagglutination inhibition test. The resulting seroprevalence was 3.9% as 15/388 turkeys showed antibody titers consistent with a viral challenge of APMV-1. The highest frequency of positive samples (10/15) was observed in the province of Lima, whereas none sample was positive in the Barranca province. It is concluded that backyard turkeys in three provinces of Lima were exposed to some strains of PMVA-l, constituting a reservoir of virus
Epidemiological Situation of Monkeypox Transmission by Possible Sexual Contact: A Systematic Review
Monkeypox (MPX), a zoonotic infection caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), has re-emerged worldwide with numerous confirmed cases with person-to-person transmission through close contacts, including in sexual networks. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the epidemiological situation of monkeypox transmission by possible sexual contact. A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases until 18 August 2022. The key search terms used were âmonkeypoxâ, âsexual contactâ, âsexual intercourseâ and âsexual transmissionâ. A total of 1291 articles were retrieved using the search strategy. After eliminating duplicates (n = 738) and examining by title, abstract, and full text, 28 studies reporting case reports of monkeypox with a detailed description of clinical features, sexually transmitted diseases, method of diagnosis, location and course of skin lesions, and treatment were included. A total of 4222 confirmed cases of monkeypox have been reported, of which 3876 monkeypox cases are the result of transmission by sexual contact distributed in twelve countries: 4152 cases were male with a mean age of 36 years. All confirmed cases of monkeypox were diagnosed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The most frequent clinical manifestations were fever, lymphadenopathy, headache, malaise, and painful perianal and genital lesions. The most frequent locations of the lesions were perianal, genital, oral, trunk, upper and lower extremities. Patients were in good clinical condition, with treatment based on analgesics and antipyretics to relieve some symptoms of monkeypox. A high proportion of STIs and frequent anogenital symptoms were found, suggesting transmissibility through local inoculation during close skin-to-skin or mucosal contact during sexual activity. The highest risk of monkeypox transmission occurs in men who have sex with men, and MPXV DNA could be recovered in seminal fluid. It is essential to establish health policies for the early detection and management of patients with monkeypox
Primor E Honra Da Vida Soldadesca No Estado Da India: An Anonymous Late Sixteenth-Century Manual of Soldiery and Political Affirmation of the Military Frontier in India
Efeito da alimentação de Schizaphis graminum com genótipos de sorgo no desenvolvimento do predador Cycloneda sanguinea
Proliferation Drives Aging-Related Functional Decline in a Subpopulation of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Compartment
Aging of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment is characterized by lineage bias and reduced stem cell function, the molecular basis of which is largely unknown. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we identified a distinct subpopulation of old HSCs carrying a p53 signature indicative of stem cell decline alongside pro-proliferative JAK/STAT signaling. To investigate the relationship between JAK/STAT and p53 signaling, we challenged HSCs with a constitutively active form of JAK2 (V617F) and observed an expansion of the p53-positive subpopulation in old mice. Our results reveal cellular heterogeneity in the onset of HSC aging and implicate a role for JAK2V617F-driven proliferation in the p53-mediated functional decline of old HSCs
Tutoring Multilingual Students: Shattering the Myths
This is the author's accepted manuscript, made available 18 months after publication with the permission of the publisher.The increasing linguistic and cultural diversification of North America has resulted in large numbers of multilingual students attending college and university and seeking curricular and extracurricular support with reading and writing (Ruecker, 2011; Teranishi, C. SuĂĄrez-Orozco, & M. SuĂĄrez-Orozco, 2011). In the past, learning and writing centers hired âESL specialistsâ to provide support. But this model, given the ubiquity of multilingual students in higher education today, is no longer sustainable. Instead, all tutors must learn the skills necessary to support the academic literacy development of these writers, and that means that the way tutors are trained must change. Because the lived reality of the majority of tutors (and center administrators) is monolingual (Bailey, 2012; Barron & Grimm, 2002), examining the myths generally held about multilingual students is essential to both our development as tutors and the development of our students as academic readers and writers of English. Only after raising critical awareness about these âmisguided ideasâ will training specific to tutoring multilingual students make sense and be put into practice (Gillespie & Lerner, 2008, p. 117).
In this article, I present and challenge myths about multilingual writers and myths about how to tutor them
Histological and immunohistochemical features suggesting aetiological differences in lymph node and (muco)cutaneous feline tuberculosis lesions
Objectives To identify and describe histological and immunohistochemical criteria that may differentiate between skin and lymph node lesions associated with Mycobacterium (M.) bovis and M. microti in a diagnostic pathology setting.Materials and Methods<jats:p/>Archived skin and lymph node biopsies of tuberculous lesions were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, ZiehlâNeelsen and Masson's Trichrome. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of calprotectin, CD3 and Pax5. Samples were scored for histological parameters (i.e. granulomas with central necrosis versus small granulomas without central necrosis, percentage necrosis and/or multinucleated giant cells), number of acidâfast bacilli (bacterial index) and lesion percentage of fibrosis and positive immunohistochemical staining.Results Twentyâtwo samples were examined (M. bovis n=11, M. microti n=11). When controlling for age, gender and tissue, feline M. bovisâassociated lesions more often featured large multiâlayered granulomas with central necrosis. Conversely, this presentation was infrequent in feline M. microtiâassociated lesions, where small granulomas without central necrosis predominated. The presence of an outer fibrous capsule was variable in both groups, as was the bacterial index. There were no differences in intralesional expression of immunohistochemical markers.Clinical Significance Differences in the histological appearance of skin and lymph node lesions may help to infer feline infection with either M. bovis or M. microti at an earlier stage when investigating these cases, informing clinicians of the potential zoonotic risk. Importantly, cases of tuberculosis can present with numerous acidâfast bacilli. This implies that a high bacterial index does not infer infection with nonâzoonotic nonâtuberculous mycobacteria
Stress-Induced Reinstatement of Drug Seeking: 20 Years of Progress
In human addicts, drug relapse and craving are often provoked by stress. Since 1995, this clinical scenario has been studied using a rat model of stress-induced reinstatement of drug seeking. Here, we first discuss the generality of stress-induced reinstatement to different drugs of abuse, different stressors, and different behavioral procedures. We also discuss neuropharmacological mechanisms, and brain areas and circuits controlling stress-induced reinstatement of drug seeking. We conclude by discussing results from translational human laboratory studies and clinical trials that were inspired by results from rat studies on stress-induced reinstatement. Our main conclusions are (1) The phenomenon of stress-induced reinstatement, first shown with an intermittent footshock stressor in rats trained to self-administer heroin, generalizes to other abused drugs, including cocaine, methamphetamine, nicotine, and alcohol, and is also observed in the conditioned place preference model in rats and mice. This phenomenon, however, is stressor specific and not all stressors induce reinstatement of drug seeking. (2) Neuropharmacological studies indicate the involvement of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), noradrenaline, dopamine, glutamate, kappa/dynorphin, and several other peptide and neurotransmitter systems in stress-induced reinstatement. Neuropharmacology and circuitry studies indicate the involvement of CRF and noradrenaline transmission in bed nucleus of stria terminalis and central amygdala, and dopamine, CRF, kappa/dynorphin, and glutamate transmission in other components of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system (ventral tegmental area, medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and nucleus accumbens). (3) Translational human laboratory studies and a recent clinical trial study show the efficacy of alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists in decreasing stress-induced drug craving and stress-induced initial heroin lapse
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