Diversité variétale des manguiers (Mangifera indica L.) et des pratiques culturales associées à la production au Burkina Faso

Au Burkina Faso, la diversité variétale des manguiers est de plus en plus menacée. Cette étude a été initiée avec pour objectif général de recenser les différentes variétés de manguess cultivées et les pratiques culturales associées qui pourraient causer ou éviter la perte de cette diversité variétale. A cet effet, une enquête par sondage à deux degrés a été menée dans trois régions du Burkina Faso à savoir les Cascades, les Hauts-Bassins et le Centre-Ouest. Un échantillon de 90 producteurs et pépiniéristes, et de 195 vendeuses de mangues a été constitué de façon aléatoire. L’enquête a été conduite par l’administration directe d’un questionnaire. Il ressort des résultats obtenus, 18 variétés améliorées et 4 variétés ordinaires. La variété Mangot vert est la variété ordinaire la plus utilisée comme porte-greffe par les pépiniéristes. Les pratiques culturales utilisées sont : le nettoyage, les traitements phytosanitaires, les tailles d’entretiens, la fertilisation organique et le labour. Pour mieux profiter de cette diversité variétale, il est nécessaire d’innover et d’améliorer les pratiques culturales

Usage thérapeutique du manguier (Mangifera indica L., Anacardiaceae) au Burkina Faso

Les extraits d’organes de manguier (Mangifera indica L., Anacardiacaea) présentent un potentiel d’utilisation dans des applications pharmaceutiques. Le but de cette étude est de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance des vertus thérapeutiques du manguier au Burkina Faso. Des enquêtes ethnobotaniques ont été réalisées à l’aide de questionnaire auprès des phytothérapeutes de trois régions du Burkina Faso (Centre-Ouest, Hauts-Bassins et Cascades). Les résultats ont été obtenus auprès de 45 phytothérapeutes enquêtés. Ces phytothérapeutes sont représentés par 79% d’hommes et 21% de femmes. La tranche d’âge comprise entre 31 et 40 ans est la plus représentée, soit 32,41% et 59,25% des phytothérapeutes enquêté sont non scolarisés. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de répertorier des maladies couramment traitées avec les organes du manguier. De plus, les feuilles du manguier des variétés ordinaires (Mangot vert et sabre) surtout sont les plus utilisées dans la préparation médicamenteuse. La décoction est le mode de préparation le plus sollicité et l’administration des remèdes se fait par voie orale (100%). Une étude pharmacologique devrait permettre l’incorporation des extraits des organes du manguier dans des compléments alimentaires pour traiter certaines maladies.Mango (Mangifera indica L., Anacardiacaea) organ extracts have potential use in pharmaceutical applications. The aim of this study is to contribute to a better knowledge of mango health benefits in Burkina Faso. Ethnobotanical surveys were carried out using a questionnaire among herbalists in three regions of Burkina Faso (Centre-Ouest, Hauts-Bassins and Cascades). The results were obtained from 45 herbalists surveyed. These herbalists are represented by 79% men and 21% women. The age group between 31 and 40 years is the most represented, i.e. 32.41%, and 59.25% of the herbalists surveyed are illiterate. The results obtained made it possible to list the diseases commonly treated with mango organs. Moreover, mango leaves of the ordinary varieties (green mango and saber) are the most used in the preparation of medicines. Decoction is the most popular method of preparation and the remedies are administered by oral route (100%). A pharmacological study should make it possible to incorporate extracts of mango organs into food supplements to treat diseases

Seroprevalence of fecal-oral transmitted hepatitis A and E virus antibodies in Burkina Faso.

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections occur chiefly as a result of unhygienic conditions. The purpose of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of antibodies to both viruses in central Burkina Faso in the absence of a recorded hepatitis epidemic. Serum samples from 178 blood donors (131 males and 47 females) and from 189 pregnant women were collected from November 2010 to March 2012, at blood banks and medical centers in Burkina Faso. An immunochromatography test was used to screen for Anti-HAV IgM and IgG in a subgroup of 91 blood donors and 100 pregnant women. The seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgG was 14.3% [CI95, 7.1-21.4%] for all blood donors and 23% [CI95, 14.8-31.2%] for pregnant women. Anti-HEV IgG were detected using the ELISA kits Dia.pro and Wantai and were found in 19.1% [CI95, 13.3-24.9%] of the blood donors and 11.6% [CI95, 7.1-16.2%] of the pregnant women. The seroprevalences of anti-HAV and anti-HEV IgGs did not differ significantly between men and women blood donors. Anti-HAV IgM was detected in 3.3% of the blood donors and in 2% of the pregnant women. These findings for asymptomatic individuals indicate that the HAV and HEV circulate at low but significant levels. This is the first evaluation of the acute hepatitis virus burden in Burkina Faso and the underlying epidemiologic status of the population

Participatory vulnerability assessment and planning of adaptation to climate change in the Yatenga, Burkina Faso

D’après le 4ème rapport IPCC, 2007, les scénarii futurs du changement climatique pour l’Afrique de l’Ouest indiquent que la variabilité climatique actuellement vécue risque d’augmenter et de s’intensifier. Les impacts du changement climatique sur la sécurité alimentaire constituent une question épineuse, notamment dans les pays du Sahel à conditions climatiques marginales et volatiles. Le Burkina Faso fait partie de ces pays où l’agriculture, principalement de type pluviale, est fortement tributaire des paramètres agro-climatiques tels que la pluviométrie, la température, l’ensoleillement, le vent, etc (source, voir communication du Burkina Faso). Dans la province du Yatenga située dans la partie Nord du Burkina, ces paramètres agro climatiques connaissent d’importantes variations au fil des années. L’adaptation autonome au changement et à la variabilité climatique a toujours été mise en œuvre par les populations à travers la diversification de leurs activités, l’irrigation, la gestion de l’eau, la gestion des risques de catastrophes, etc. -------- The impacts of climate change on food security are a thorny issue, especially in countries with marginal and volatile weather conditions. Burkina Faso is one of those countries where agriculture, mainly rain- fed type, is highly dependent on agro-climatic parameters such as rainfall, temperature, sunshine, wind, etc. In Yatenga province, located in the northern region of Burkina Faso, the agro climatic parameters are undergoing major changes over the years. The autonomous adaptation to climate change and climate variability has been implemented by the people through the diversification of their activities, irrigation, water management, risk management and disaster insurance. English version: http://hdl.handle.net/10568/3558

Analyse participative de la vulnérabilité et planification de l’adaptation au changement climatique dans le Yatenga, Burkina Faso

The impacts of climate change on food security are a thorny issue, especially in countries with marginal and volatile weather conditions. Burkina Faso is one of those countries where agriculture, mainly rain- fed type, is highly dependent on agro-climatic parameters such as rainfall, temperature, sunshine, wind, etc. In Yatenga province, located in the northern region of Burkina Faso, the agro climatic parameters are undergoing major changes over the years. The autonomous adaptation to climate change and climate variability has been implemented by the people through the diversification of their activities, irrigation, water management, risk management and disaster insurance. French version: http://hdl.handle.net/10568/3517

Trends and impacts of climate change on crop production in Burkina Faso

Understanding past climate trends and their impacts in the Sahel region is fundamental for climate change (CC) adaptation and mitigation. This study analyses climate trends from 1961 to 2020 in three climatic zones in Burkina Faso and the impacts of CC on five major crops production. Long time series of daily rainfall and temperature data from National Meteorology Agency for the period 1961 to 2020 has been compiled. Crop production data (1984–2020) were retrieved from the agriculture department. Climate temporal variations in each climatic zone were analyzed using extreme climate indices and principal component analysis. Linear regression was used to assess climate impacts on crop production. The results showed a high rainfall variability and changes in temperature extremes in the three zones. The climate window, 1991–2020, was hotter than 1961–1990, while the last decade (2011–2020) was the wettest. Most climate indices (67%) showed significant correlations with crop yields. Dry spells, cool days, cold nights, average daily wet days and rainfall intensity showed positive and negative effects on maize, cowpea, millet and sorghum yields. This study highlights the importance of climate-smart policy promoting drought-resistant and short-duration varieties in addressing the adverse effects of CC on crop production. HIGHLIGHTS The warm tails of the daily temperature distributions are changing faster than the cold tails witnessing a warming climate in Burkina Faso.; Recent decade was wetter across the Sahelian and Sudano-Sahelian zones, supporting rain resumption and the Sahel greening hypothesis.; The major crops were differently affected by climate extremes and were more sensitive to these extremes than the average climate conditions.

High prevalence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae among clinical isolates in Burkina Faso

International audienceBACKGROUND:Nothing is known about the epidemiology and resistance mechanisms of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) in Burkina Faso. The objective of this study was to determine ESBL-PE prevalence and to characterize ESBL genes in Burkina Faso.METHODS:During 2 months (June-July 2014), 1602 clinical samples were sent for bacteriologic investigations to the microbiology laboratories of the tree main hospitals of Burkina Faso. Isolates were identified by mass spectrometry using a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) BioTyper. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the disk diffusion method on Müller-Hinton agar. The different ESBL genes in potential ESBL-producing isolates were detected by PCR and double stranded DNA sequencing. Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups were determined using a PCR-based method.RESULTS:ESBL-PE frequency was 58 % (179 strains among the 308 Enterobacteriaceae isolates identified in the collected samples; 45 % in outpatients and 70 % in hospitalized patients). The CTX-M-1 group was dominant (94 %, CTX-M-15 enzyme), followed by the CTX-M-9 group (4 %). ESBL producers were more often found in E. coli (67.5 %) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (26 %) isolates. E. coli isolates (n = 202; 60 % of all Enterobacteriaceae samples) were distributed in eight phylogenetic groups (A = 49, B1 = 15, B2 = 43, C = 22, Clade I = 7, D = 37, F = 13 and 16 unknown); 22 strains belonged to the sequence type ST131. No association between a specific strain and ESBL production was detected.CONCLUSIONS:This report shows the alarming spread of ESBL genes in Burkina Faso. Public health efforts should focus on education (population and healthcare professionals), surveillance and promotion of correct and restricted antibiotic use to limit their dissemination

Prevalence of anti-HAV IgG and IgM in pregnant women and blood donors.

<p>Prevalence of anti-HAV IgG and IgM in pregnant women and blood donors.</p

Distribution of anti-HAV IgG and IgM in blood donors according to age group.

<p>Distribution of anti-HAV IgG and IgM in blood donors according to age group.</p