Donna Haraway, Manifeste cyborg et autres essais. Sciences – Fictions – Féminismes

Laurence Allard, Delphine Gardey et Nathalie Magnan proposent au public français la traduction de six textes incontournables de Donna Haraway écrits entre 1985 et 1997. Outre le célèbre Cyborg Manifesto, écrit en 1985 et traduit pour la première fois en français en 1992 dans la revue Futur Antérieur, l’anthologie parue aux éditions EXILS en 2007 présente cinq essais qui permettent de mieux comprendre la critique féministe de Haraway, celle des normes de genre et de la domination. Tout d’abord..

Carole Pateman, Le contrat sexuel

Avec Le contrat sexuel, paru aux éditions Polity Press en 1988, Carole Pateman propose une analyse de la pensée libérale du contrat social à partir d’une perspective de genre. Cette grille de lecture permet d’interroger l’advenir, en Occident, de l’ordre social contractuel en posant la question des enjeux de justice qui le caractérisent. En effet, comme le montre C. Pateman, alors que, à partir du xviie siècle, le contrat social s’oppose au droit fondé sur l’autorité paternelle et institue la..

Carole Pateman, Le contrat sexuel

Avec Le contrat sexuel, paru aux éditions Polity Press en 1988, Carole Pateman propose une analyse de la pensée libérale du contrat social à partir d’une perspective de genre. Cette grille de lecture permet d’interroger l’advenir, en Occident, de l’ordre social contractuel en posant la question des enjeux de justice qui le caractérisent. En effet, comme le montre C. Pateman, alors que, à partir du xviie siècle, le contrat social s’oppose au droit fondé sur l’autorité paternelle et institue la..

Néoconservatisme religieux et genre

Néoconservatisme religieux et genreFlorence Rochefort,Maria Eleonora Sanna 1-9Winning in the Parliament, losing in the Courts – Catholic biopolitics in different venues: the case of Italy Alberta Giorgi11-27L’objection de conscience au mariage homosexuel entre sécularisation et règles religieuses Daniele Ferrari29-44Entre masque et travestissement Résistances des catholiques aux mutations de genre en France : le cas des Hommen, Josselin Tricou45-73La liberté religieuse contre les femmes et les homosexuels : nouveau chapitre des guerres culturelles aux Etats-Unis? Marie Gayte, 75-91Ordre de genre, ordre sexuel et antisémitisme La convergence des extrêmes dans les mouvements d’opposition à la loi sur le « mariage pour tous » en France en 2014, Natacha Chetcuti-Osorovitz,Fabrice Teicher, 93-109The Episcopal Church and the resistance to conservative claims to a biblical monopoly: towards a biblical gay and lesbian narrative?Rémy Bethmont, 111-126codirection avec Maria Eleonora Sanna du dossier "Néoconservatisme religieux et genre" de la revue Estudos de Religiao (Brésil) en lignehttps://www.metodista.br/revistas/revistas-ims/index.php/E

Inhibition of Morphine- and Ethanol-Mediated Stimulation of Mesolimbic Dopamine Neurons by Withania somnifera

Morphine- and ethanol-induced stimulation of neuronal firing of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic neurons and of dopamine (DA) transmission in the shell of the nucleus accumbens (AcbSh) represents a crucial electrophysiological and neurochemical response underlying the ability of these compounds to elicit motivated behaviors and trigger a cascade of plasticity-related biochemical events. Previous studies indicate that the standardized methanolic extract of Withania somnifera roots (WSE) prevents morphine- and ethanol-elicited conditioned place preference and oral ethanol self-administration. Aim of the present research was to investigate whether WSE may also interfere with the ability of morphine and ethanol to stimulate VTA dopaminergic neurons and thus AcbSh DA transmission as assessed in male Sprague- Dawley rats by means of patch-clamp recordings in mesencephalic slices and in vivo brain microdialysis, respectively. Morphine and ethanol significantly stimulated spontaneous firing rate of VTA neurons and DA transmission in the AcbSh. WSE, at concentrations (200–400 mg/ml) that significantly reduce spontaneous neuronal firing of VTA DA neurons via a GABAA- but not GABAB-mediated mechanism, suppressed the stimulatory actions of both morphine and ethanol. Moreover, in vivo administration of WSE at a dose (75 mg/kg) that fails to affect basal DA transmission, significantly prevented both morphine- and ethanol-elicited increases of DA in the AcbSh. Overall, these results highlight the ability of WSE to interfere with morphine- and ethanolmediated central effects and suggest a mechanistic interpretation of the efficacy of this extract to prevent the motivational properties of these compounds

Genome-wide association study of susceptibility loci for breast cancer in Sardinian population

Abstract Background Despite progress in identifying genes associated with breast cancer, many more risk loci exist. Genome-wide association analyses in genetically-homogeneous populations, such as that of Sardinia (Italy), could represent an additional approach to detect low penetrance alleles. Methods We performed a genome-wide association study comparing 1431 Sardinian patients with non-familial, BRCA1/2-mutation-negative breast cancer to 2171 healthy Sardinian blood donors. DNA was genotyped using GeneChip Human Mapping 500 K Arrays or Genome-Wide Human SNP Arrays 6.0. To increase genomic coverage, genotypes of additional SNPs were imputed using data from HapMap Phase II. After quality control filtering of genotype data, 1367 cases (9 men) and 1658 controls (1156 men) were analyzed on a total of 2,067,645 SNPs. Results Overall, 33 genomic regions (67 candidate SNPs) were associated with breast cancer risk at the p < 10−6 level. Twenty of these regions contained defined genes, including one already associated with breast cancer risk: TOX3. With a lower threshold for preliminary significance to p < 10−5, we identified 11 additional SNPs in FGFR2, a well-established breast cancer-associated gene. Ten candidate SNPs were selected, excluding those already associated with breast cancer, for technical validation as well as replication in 1668 samples from the same population. Only SNP rs345299, located in intron 1 of VAV3, remained suggestively associated (p-value, 1.16x10−5), but it did not associate with breast cancer risk in pooled data from two large, mixed-population cohorts. Conclusions This study indicated the role of TOX3 and FGFR2 as breast cancer susceptibility genes in BRCA1/2-wild-type breast cancer patients from Sardinian population

Genome-wide association study of susceptibility loci for breast cancer in Sardinian population.

BACKGROUND: Despite progress in identifying genes associated with breast cancer, many more risk loci exist. Genome-wide association analyses in genetically-homogeneous populations, such as that of Sardinia (Italy), could represent an additional approach to detect low penetrance alleles. METHODS: We performed a genome-wide association study comparing 1431 Sardinian patients with non-familial, BRCA1/2-mutation-negative breast cancer to 2171 healthy Sardinian blood donors. DNA was genotyped using GeneChip Human Mapping 500 K Arrays or Genome-Wide Human SNP Arrays 6.0. To increase genomic coverage, genotypes of additional SNPs were imputed using data from HapMap Phase II. After quality control filtering of genotype data, 1367 cases (9 men) and 1658 controls (1156 men) were analyzed on a total of 2,067,645 SNPs. RESULTS: Overall, 33 genomic regions (67 candidate SNPs) were associated with breast cancer risk at the p <  0(-6) level. Twenty of these regions contained defined genes, including one already associated with breast cancer risk: TOX3. With a lower threshold for preliminary significance to p < 10(-5), we identified 11 additional SNPs in FGFR2, a well-established breast cancer-associated gene. Ten candidate SNPs were selected, excluding those already associated with breast cancer, for technical validation as well as replication in 1668 samples from the same population. Only SNP rs345299, located in intron 1 of VAV3, remained suggestively associated (p-value, 1.16 x 10(-5)), but it did not associate with breast cancer risk in pooled data from two large, mixed-population cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated the role of TOX3 and FGFR2 as breast cancer susceptibility genes in BRCA1/2-wild-type breast cancer patients from Sardinian population

Population Based Study of 12 Autoimmune Diseases in Sardinia, Italy: Prevalence and Comorbidity

BACKGROUND: The limited availability of prevalence data based on a representative sample of the general population, and the limited number of diseases considered in studies about co-morbidity are the critical factors in study of autoimmune diseases. This paper describes the prevalence of 12 autoimmune diseases in a representative sample of the general population in the South of Sardinia, Italy, and tests the hypothesis of an overall association among these diseases. METHODS: Data were obtained from 21 GPs. The sample included 25,885 people. Prevalence data were expressed with 95% Poisson C.I. The hypothesis of an overall association between autoimmune diseases was tested by evaluating the co-occurrence within individuals. RESULTS: Prevalence per 100,000 are: 552 rheumatoid arthritis, 124 ulcerative colitis, 15 Crohn's disease, 464 type 1 diabetes, 81 systemic lupus erythematosus, 124 celiac disease, 35 myasthenia gravis, 939 psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis, 35 systemic sclerosis, 224 multiple sclerosis, 31 Sjogren's syndrome, and 2,619 autoimmune thyroiditis. An overall association between autoimmune disorders was highlighted. CONCLUSIONS: The comparisons with prevalence reported in current literature do not show outlier values, except possibly for a few diseases like celiac disease and myasthenia gravis. People already affected by a first autoimmune disease have a higher probability of being affected by a second autoimmune disorder. In the present study, the sample size, together with the low overall prevalence of autoimmune diseases in the population, did not allow us to examine which diseases are most frequently associated with other autoimmune diseases. However, this paper makes available an adequate control population for future clinical studies aimed at exploring the co-morbidity of specific pairs of autoimmune disease

Variants within the immunoregulatory CBLB gene are associated with multiple sclerosis

A genome wide association scan of ~6.6 million genotyped or imputed variants in 882 Sardinian Multiple Sclerosis (MS) cases and 872 controls suggested association of CBLB gene variants with disease, which was confirmed in 1,775 cases and 2,005 controls (overall P =1.60 × 10-10). CBLB encodes a negative regulator of adaptive immune responses and mice lacking the orthologue are prone to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the animal model of MS