Oppimista motivoiva moninaisuus : opettajien vinkkejä opettajille

Propongo seguir desustantivizando géneros y sexualidades, interrogando feminidades/masculinidades, desde los enclaves relacionales que proporcionan. Invito a seguir, reseguir, perseguir, tanto los ideales de coherencia, como las linealidades normativas con que se enredan conceptos/sujetos/prácticas. Así como investigar estas hilaturas liminares, que parecen invisibles e inocuas, pero que en realidad son constructos activos, tan políticamente institucionalizados, como todo aquello que son capaces de enredar. Propongo mirar invisibilidades y silencios, cuyos significados hace falta analizar, incluso desde incorrecciones políticas.I propose the continued ‘de-nominalizing’ of gender/sexuality, questioning femininities/masculinities, from the relational points that provides. I also encourage the following/reaching of both the ideals of coherence and the normative linealities that link concepts/subjects/practices. Also there is the need to research those places which are in between, which seem invisible and innocuous, but that really, are active constructions, both those that are politically institutionalized as well as all that can be included. I propose looking at the Invisibilities and the Silences, whose meanings need to be analyzed, to the politically incorrect

Seroprevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and risk-factor assessment for Encephalitozoon cuniculi seroprevalence in Finnish pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Background Neurological signs, such as head tilt, torticollis, paralysis, and seizures, are common in rabbits. Differential diagnoses include two zoonotic infections caused by the microsporidial fungi Encephalitozoon cuniculi and the apicomplexan protozoa Toxoplasma gondii. Both infections are mainly latent in rabbits but may cause severe or even fatal disease. Although several international studies have reported the seroprevalence of these pathogens in different commercial rabbit populations, similar prevalence studies and risk-factor analyses among family-owned pet rabbits are uncommon and lacking in Scandinavia. We sought to estimate the seroprevalence and possible risk factors for E. cuniculi and T. gondii among Finnish pet rabbits. We used ELISA to measure E. cuniculi IgG seroprevalence of 247 rabbits and modified direct agglutination test for T. gondii seroprevalence of 270 rabbits. Samples were collected as part of the Finnish Pet Rabbit Health Research project. Internet-based questionnaires (n = 231) completed by the rabbit owners were used for risk-factor analysis. Results The apparent seroprevalence of E. cuniculi was 29.2% and true seroprevalence of T. gondii 3.9%. Risk factors were analysed only for E. cuniculi due to the low T. gondii seroprevalence. The final multivariable logistic regression model revealed that rabbits spending the whole summer outdoors had a higher risk of being E. cuniculi seropositive than rabbits with limited outdoor access. Additionally, rabbits living in households with only one or two rabbits had higher risk of being E. cuniculi seropositive than those in multi-rabbit households. Conclusions Nearly one third of Finnish pet rabbits participating in this study had E. cuniculi IgG antibodies, indicating previous exposure to this pathogen. The prevalence is similar to that reported previously in clinically healthy rabbit populations in UK and Korea. While the seroprevalence of T. gondii was low (3.9%), antibodies were detected. Therefore, these zoonotic parasitic infections should be considered as differential diagnoses when treating rabbits.Peer reviewe

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Siivekkäät : Kalligrafiatyöt osana kahden tekijän teemallista näyttelyä

Tässä raportissa kerrotaan yhden näyttelyn, erityisesti sen kalligrafisen osakokonaisuuden, suunnittelu- ja valmistumisprosessista. Taiteellinen osuus, 11 mustavalkoista kalligrafista työtä, oli esillä näyttelyssä Satakunnan Museon kahvilassa Porissa 7.5–9.6.2013. Kuvat töistä sisältyvät tähän raporttiin. Kirjoittajan työt muodostivat puolet näyttelyn kokonaisuudesta. Näyttelyn teema oli siivekkäät, josta tuli myös näyttelyn nimi. Lähtökohtaidea kahden tekijän yhteistyölle syntyi sen pohjalle, mistä tekijät muutenkin olivat tahoillaan kiinnostuneet. Teema oli molemmille yhteinen, vaikka toteutus olikin molemmilla aivan erilainen. Kirjoittaja aloitti idea- ja työpäiväkirjan jo 12.9.2011, mutta lopullisten teosten tekeminen ajoittui talveen ja kevääseen vuonna 2013. Lähtökohtana olivat linnut, ja teema rajautui vielä isoihin petolintuihin, erityisesti haukkoihin ja kotkiin. Työn taustalla ovat Hans-Joachim Burgertin kehittämät ja Thomas Ingmiren siitä jatkamat ajatukset kalligrafian visuaalisuudesta, jolloin kuva on kiinnostavampi kuin tekstin luettavuus. Puhutaan visuaalisesta tai kokeellisesta kalligrafiasta. Tekstien kirjainmuodoilla – tai osassa teoksista kokonaisuudella – Sankari on hakenut sekä eri tavoin lintumaista että muutoin tekstiin sopivaa tunnelmaa: voimaa, avaruutta ja graafisuutta, toisinaan myös muun muassa öistä mystisyyttä. Osassa töissä teksti on luettavissa, osassa hyvin vaikealukuista, mutta taustalla useimmissa töissä on silti teksti ja sen herättämä mielikuva tai virittämä tunnelma. Lisäksi kaksi työtä on tehty piirretyin kirjaimin. Vaikka tekijän lähtökohta onkin kiinnostus erityisesti visuaaliseen kalligrafiaan, osa töistä on kuitenkin lähellä perinteistä länsimaista kalligrafiaa. Taustalla, joskin raportissa varsin pienessä roolissa, ovat myös pohdinnat identiteetistä sekä voimasta tai energiasta, jota kutsutaan muun muassa nimellä ”ki” (engl.chi). Raportin lopuksi kirjoittaja toteaa, että häntä kiinnostavat edelleen työn teema, kalligrafisten kokeilujen jatkaminen, kalligrafian värit/mustavalkoisuus, erilaiset kuvioinnit, pinnat ja materiaalit sekä liike ja rytmi kirjainmuodoissa sekä tekemisessä. Tämä tarkoittaa, että uusia töitä on suunnitteilla ja että omia visuaalisen kalligrafian mahdollisuuksia on tutkittava edelleen.This report describes an exhibition process, from the first plans until the exhibition itself. The artistic part of the thesis, i.e. 11 black-and-white calligraphic pieces, formed a half of an exhibition in the Café of Satakunta Museum in Pori, Finland, from May 7 to June 9, 2013. The photos of the calligraphy are included in the report. The author’s calligraphic work formed one half of the exhibition, the second half being paintings. The exhibition theme was ’winged’, which was chosen as the title of the exhibition, too. The basis for the cooperation was the calligrapher’s and the painter’s separate but still shared interests. The artists shared the theme, even though the realization was totally different. The first note in the author’s working diary is from September 12, 2011, but the actual calligraphic hands-on phase took place in the winter and spring 2013. The specific idea for her was big birds, which was then defined even more to raptors, specifically to hawks and eagles. In the background, though having a small role in the report, there are contemplations on identity, and on the energy called ’chi’. The theoretic background lies in Hans-Joachim Burgert’s thoughts on the visual character of calligraphy, which Thomas Ingmire has developed further. In this line of thought which could be called visual or experimental calligraphy, the visual image is more interesting than the (pure) legibility and readability of the text. Sankari has been exploring bird-likelihood and otherwise relevant atmosphere e.g. with different kinds of bird-resembling letterforms (though they are not truly burgertian or ingmirian), with invented alphabets, In some pieces the right feel – power, space, graphic composition and feeling of a night-time mystery – has been attempted to achieve with the whole composition, not with letterforms. Furthermore, in some pieces the text is readable, in others less-readable. Still, there is a text as a basis in almost all of them, as well as the mental image awakened, or feeling tuned by the text. However, two pieces are done as drawn letters, without a text. Although the author is most interested in visual and experimental calligraphy, part of the pieces belongs to the readable tradition. After reporting the process, the author states that she is still interested in the theme, in continuing with the experiments, in the use of colour and black-and-white, in the variety of patterns, textures and materials, as well as in movement and rhythm in the letterforms and in the physical act of doing. This means that new work needs to be done, and the possibilities/potential of one’s own visual calligraphy needs to be explored further