The Passage of Time to Develop Ethical Business Environment Through Malaysia’s Competition Act 2010 and Competition Agenda: Post World War II to Present Days

This article seeks to reflect on the background of Competition Act 2010 of Malaysia by taking a step by step view on the many initiatives undertaken by various world bodies from post-World War II era in reviving and rebuilding the world economy to present days involving the competition agenda of the nation. In doing so, this article intends to emphasize on the perseverance and continuous efforts made over the decades in ensuring the nation finally had established the Act and the unceasing continuous efforts in forming ethical business environment with healthy competition stay as part Government of Malaysia’s initiatives

Microbial Production of Amylase from Cassava Waste

Bacterium mura was isolated from cassava waste, (Tamil Nadu, India) for the production of extracellular amylase. On screening for amylase producing bacteria, 5 isolates showed positive results, of which Bacterium mura showed best amylase activity. The optimal conditions for the amylase activity were found at pH 6.0 (39 U/ml) and at temperature 37°C. Amylase activity was found to be higher when lactose (31 U/ml), casein, barley (42 U/ml) and SDS (32 U/ml) were used as the carbon source, nitrogen source, agro waste source and as additives respectively. The enzyme was partially purified by dialysis and the molecular mass was found to be 65kDa by SDS-PAGE. The partially purified and crude amylase was confirmed by zymogram. The partially purified amylase was used in bread making, which improved the softening of the bread and was used as a de-sizing agent

A Natural Wonder Drug Helps to Prevent Cancer: Garlic Oil

Garlic is one of the oldest and popular spices in the World that also contain very good nutritional value. Garlic has a wide spectrum of actions not only is it antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and antiprotozoan but it also has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular and immune systems. They contain unique oil which is very easily digested and is stable to oxidative stress and for this reasons they are useful and healthy for consumption. Several epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that garlic oil has been thought to bring about its anticarcinogenic effect and other pharmacological properties through a number of mechanisms, such as the scavenging of radicals, increasing glutathione levels, increasing the activities of enzymes such as glutathione S transferase, catalase, incubation of cytochrome p450 2E1, DNA repair mechanisms, prevention of chromosomal damage etc. Future research should standardize the dosage of garlic and type. Several hypotheses suggest that the anticancer mechanism may be due to DNA repair mechanism, prevention of chromosomal damage, antiproliferative effect and alteration of the cell cycle. Garlic and garlic oil should be considered as one of the most valuable food for good quality of life in general

The Passage of TIME to Develop Ethical Business Environment Through Malaysia's Competition Act 2010 and Competition Agenda: Post World War II to Present Days

This article seeks to reflect on the background of Competition Act 2010 of Malaysia by taking a step by step view on the many initiatives undertaken by various world bodies from post-World War II era in reviving and rebuilding the world economy to present days involving the competition agenda of the nation. In doing so, this article intends to emphasize on the perseverance and continuous efforts made over the decades in ensuring the nation finally had established the Act and the unceasing continuous efforts in forming ethical business environment with healthy competition stay as part Government of Malaysia's initiatives

Tribofilm formation in ultrananocrystalline diamond film

Friction and wear properties of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films are found to be superior, and therefore it could be useful for various applications. However, understanding of the tribological properties with respect to boundary phase composition in this material is not yet well understood. Here, the grain boundary phases such as graphite and amorphous carbon (a-C) of UNCD films were tailored during the chemical vapor deposition process by altering the Argon and Nitrogen gases in CH4 plasma medium. The significance of these grain boundary phases in UNCD film was discussed to explain the tribological properties. In run-in, friction coefficient was high in UNCDAr film deposited in CH4 (1%)/Ar plasma condition and it was decreased to lower value after longer sliding distance. However, ultrahigh wear resistance of this film was observed. Here, graphite and a-C phases were insignificant in the grain boundary region as evident from high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). Further, chemical bonding of these phases was quantitatively described by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). In contrast, ultralow value of friction coefficient with significantly shorter run-in high friction regime was observed in UNCDN film deposited in CH4 (6%)/N2 plasma. Such a unique characteristic was described by the nanographite phase encasing the needle-like diamond grain of UNCDN film, forming core-shell granular structure. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed nucleation of two dimensional (2D) nanographite particles in the deformed wear track after run-in. This was possible due to the presence of core-shell granular structure in UNCDN film. Graphitic nature of the shell for needle-like diamond grains in the wear track was investigated by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, graphite and a-C tribofilm phase in the wear track was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) having spatial resolution micrometer scale. Needle-like diamond grains and graphite phase of tribofilm could be one of the primary reasons for the marked reduction in the friction coefficient. © 2017 Elsevier B.V3

Dynamic friction behavior of ultrananocrystalline diamond films: A depth-resolved chemical phase analysis

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.Investigation of dynamic changes in friction behavior of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films is a complex mainly because of the rapid change in chemical composition at the sliding interfaces. To address this issue, for the first time, we report chemical phase analysis of transferfilm using the depth-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique. The friction coefficient of the UNCD films was high during the initial run-in regime, but it gradually decreased to an ultralow value after longer sliding cycles at the ambient atmospheric tribo-condition. Depth-resolved XPS analysis showed a higher sp3/sp2 carbon ratio during the initial run-in regime. This ratio decreased with increasing sliding cycles and consequently the friction coefficient decreased. However, a higher value of the friction coefficient throughout the run-in regime persisted at the high-vacuum tribo-condition. In this case, the sp3/sp2 carbon ratio inside the transferfilm was quite high and no considerable changes were observed in the depth-resolved XPS analysis. This investigation confirmed that the dynamic friction behavior in UNCD films was manipulated by the sp3/sp2 carbon ratio inside the transferfilm which showed tribo-atmospheric dependence11sciescopu