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65 research outputs found

Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) Approach for Clustered Binary Data with Application to COVID-19 Treatment.

Author: Sanjel Sadixa
Publication venue: Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange
Publication date: 08/02/2022
Field of study

Clustered binary data frequently occur in epidemiology and other applied fields such as clinical trial studies, where observations within the respective samples are correlated. In such situations, the standard logistic regression method is not valid as logistic regression requires the observations to be independent of one other. This situation arises when treating COVD-19 patients. Patients from certain clusters, such as geographic areas or the same family, are highly correlated, and we need to fit the model using the GEE approach. In this paper, Standard Logistic Regression (LS), Generalized Linear Models (GENMOD), and GEE procedures have been utilized for comparison purposes. Simulated data have been used for case study analysis. The GEE model\u27s accuracy rate is superior when data are binary clustered. For more information about the GEE and GENMOD methods, see Fitzmaurice, Laird, and Ware (2011); Hardin and Hilbe (2003); Diggle et al. (2002); Lipsitz et al. (1994)

Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Nepal: A Threat to Low Resources Country

Author: Sangita Sanjel
Seshananda Sanjel
Tarun Paudel
Publication venue: Karnali Academy of Health Sciences
Publication date: 01/12/2020
Field of study

At present, the global community is experiencing a pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the third disease from a coronavirus to cause a global outbreak. Person-to-person transmission occurs through droplet or contact transmission and if there is a lack of rigorous infection control or if no proper personal protective equipment (PPE) is available, it may endanger the first-line healthcare workers. In Nepal most of the cases are those who traveled to China and India till date, the infection is transmitted to clusters of societies only. Health workers as well as the general public has to be protected from getting infection applying established and universal infection prevention strategies including social distancing, hand hygiene and application of personal protective devices as required. Person-to-person contact is one of the most predominant ways of transmission of the disease, hence general public as well as all the professional workers have to follow the infection prevention approaches

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Performance of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) grown on different fingermillet husk substrates

Author: Sanjel Priyanka
Shrestha Jiban
Shrestha Ram Kumar
Publication venue: 'Nepal Journals Online (JOL)'
Publication date: 01/01/2021
Field of study

Substrate type is one of the major factors affecting the growth and yield of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). Five substrates; Finger millet husk, Fingermillet husk + Molasses, Fingermillet husk + Rice bran, Fingermillet husk + Wheat bran, Fingermillet husk +Mustard oilseed cake, were evaluated for growth and productivity of oyster mushroom. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with each treatment replicated seven times. Additives were added on finger millet husk @5% of its dry weight. Standard cultivation practice was followed with steam sterilization and spawning was done in poly bags containing 2.5 kg of wet substrate. Data were collected on time taken for full spawn run, fresh mushroom yield, biological efficiency and cropping duration upto three flushes. Molasses took the least duration (16.86 days) for full spawn run which was found to be statistically at par with wheat bran(17.13 days) and rice bran(17.75 days) whereas control treatment took the longest duration (21.62 days). Rice bran produced the highest fresh mushroom yield (793.04g/bag) with highest biological efficiency (137.92%), which was statistically at par with control, molasses and wheat bran. Similarly, rice bran had least cropping duration (66.62 days) followed by control (67.88 days), molasses (69.14 days), wheat bran (70.12 days) and mustard oilseed cake (73.86 days). The lowest fresh yield (521.84 g/bag) with lowest biological efficiency (90.75%) and the longest cropping duration (73.86 days) was observed on mustard oilseed cake supplementation. This study revealed that molasses, rice bran and wheat bran accelerated spawn run whereas mustard oilseed cake supplementation produced lowest fresh mushroom yield with least biological efficiency and highest cropping duration showing that it was ineffective for increasing yield and productivity of oyster mushroom

Neliti

Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources

Outcome of fibular strut graft and two cannulated hip screws in neglected fracture neck of femur in adults - 10 years review

Author: Kharel Krishna
Khatri Kishor Prashad
Sanjel Chhetri Rajendra
Publication venue: Patan Academy of Health Sciences
Publication date: 15/10/2019
Field of study

Introductions: Avascular necrosis and non-union are common but when the neck of femur fracture in adult is neglected, the chances of complications rises. Among various treatment options, we report the outcome of free fibular strut graft along with two cannulated hip screws in neglected fracture neck of femur. Methods: The outcome analysis of ‘fibular strut graft and two cannulated hip screws’ was conducted in patients with fracture neck of femur who presented at least three weeks after the time of injury, during August 2008 to December 2017, at Lumbini Zonal Hospital and Lumbini Hospital Technical College, Butwal, Nepal. All adult patients aged 18 to 60 years were included. Outcome variables were healing of fracture (union, delayed union, non-union), avascular necrosis and Harris Hip Score (HHS). Results: Out of 20 fractures, 17 (85%) united uneventfully, 2 (10%) had delayed union and 1 (5%) nonunion. We had 3 (15%) avascular necrosis of femoral head. The HHS was excellent in 8 (40%), good in 4 (20%), fair in 6 (30%) and poor in 2 (10%). Conclusions: Fibular Strut graft with two hip screws resulted in fracture union and improved hip functions in patients with neglected fracture of neck of femur. Keywords: avascular necrosis, fibular Strut graft, Harris hip score, neglected fracture neck of femu

Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences

On the Distribution of the Peña Rodríguez Portmanteau Statistic

Author: Deepak Sanjel
Serge B. Provost
Susan Z. Sheng
Publication venue: 'Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research'
Publication date: 01/07/2012
Field of study

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Peña and Rodríguez (2002) introduced a portmanteau test for time series which turns out to be more powerful than those proposed by Ljung and Box (1986) and Monti (1994), and approximated its distribution by means of a two-parameter gamma random variable. A polynomially adjusted beta approximation is proposed in this paper. This approximant is based on the moments of the statistic, which can be estimated by simulation or determined by symbolic computations or numerical integration. Various types of time series processes such as AR(1), MA(1), ARMA<span>(2,2) </span>are being considered. The proposed approximation turns out to be nearly exact.</span></p

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Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research

Prevalence of Motorcycle Helmet Use in Kathmandu, Nepal: An Observational Study

Author: Chaney Robbie
House Marion J.
Sanjel Seshananda
Thygerson Steven M.
Publication venue: 'Redfame Publishing'
Publication date: 23/12/2019
Field of study

This study investigated the rate of helmet use among motorcycle drivers and passengers in Kathmandu, Nepal during the Fall of 2016, and compared helmet use rates based on highways, main roads and secondary roads in the city. The study design involved cross-sectional observations along roadways in Kathmandu, Nepal. The following variables were studied: helmet use, gender, age category (youth, adult, elder), and type of road (highway, main road, secondary road). Statistical analysis included general behavioral prevalence, relationship comparison via Fisher’s Exact Test, and odds ratios. A total of 1878 observations were made at 14 locations in Kathmandu; n=1321 observations of motorcycle drivers and n=557 observations of motorcycle passengers. Nearly all drivers used helmets (0.994 [1313/1321]; 95% CI: [0.988, 0.997]), whereas the vast majority of passengers did not wear helmets (0.014 [8/557]; 95% CI: [0.004, 0.021]). Helmet use was significantly different between drivers and passengers

Redfame Publishing: E-Journals

Utilization of Antenatal Care Services and Factors Affecting Antenatal Care Visits in Pokhara Sub-Metropolitan City

Author: Sabita Paudel
Seshananda Sanjel
Tarun Paudel
Publication venue: Karnali Academy of Health Sciences
Publication date: 01/04/2020
Field of study

Background: In context of Nepal, although the pregnant women from city areas contribute to maternal mortality, evidences of study of utilization of antenatal care services and factors affecting antenatal care visits (ANC) are focused in rural areas where health institutions are not easily available. The objective of this study was to identify ANC services utilization by eligible women in Pokhara sub-metropolitan city. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted applying face to face interviews with 240 eligible women bearing at least one youngest child below the age of two years. Structured and semi-structured questionnaire were used after translating into Nepali language and pretesting it in the field. Data entered in Microsoft excel were transferred in SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences) version 21 and analysis was carried out. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were computed. The significance was set at 0.05 level. Results: Approximately 97.0% of women had visited ANC during their recent pregnancy and about 56.0% of women had ≥4 ANC visits. Majority (80.3%) of the women used to seek ANC checkup during their first trimester and nearly half (49.0%) of the respondents belonged to younger age of 15-19 years. Women’ (99.0%) and her husbands’ (86.0%) educational level significantly impacted ANC visits. Women having fewer numbers of children (98.0%) and nuclear family (99.0%) had significantly higher ANC visits. Husbands’and mother-in-laws’encouragement to go for ANC visits was significantly higher.All of the above mentioned parameters were statistically significant at p< 0.05 level. Conclusions: There was variation in ANC service taking as per the encouragement from husband and mother-in-law of the woman. Hence, awareness programs targeting husband and mother-in-law regarding importance ofANC services is suggested. Conduction of detailed study in futureto explore quality of services is recommended

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On the condensed density of the generalized eigenvalues of pencils of Hankel Gaussian random matrices and applications

Author: Abate
Barone
Barone
Barone
Barone
Barone
Barone
Barone
Barone
Barone
Barone
Bartlett
Deift
Groetsch
Johnson
March
March
Mathai
Piero Barone
Sanjel
Tziritas
van den Bos
Publication venue: 'Elsevier BV'
Publication date: 07/09/2010
Field of study

Pencils of Hankel matrices whose elements have a joint Gaussian distribution with nonzero mean and not identical covariance are considered. An approximation to the distribution of the squared modulus of their determinant is computed which allows to get a closed form approximation of the condensed density of the generalized eigenvalues of the pencils. Implications of this result for solving several moments problems are discussed and some numerical examples are provided.Comment: 30 pages, 16 figures, better approximations provide

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Socio-demographic Profile and Outcome of Vasectomy at a Tertiary Hospital of Karnali Province

Author: Anup Mangal Samal
Harihar Devkota
Manik Neupane
Sesananda Sanjel
Suryaman Menyangbo
Publication venue: Karnali Academy of Health Sciences
Publication date: 01/01/2021
Field of study

Background: The one and only permanent sterilization technique for men is vasectomy. It is a simple, safe and very effective procedure. However, it is perceived wrongly especially in the rural settings, ruled by social stigma and false belief. It is perceived as to falsely decrease the performance which often affects the satisfaction and the completeness of the procedure. This study aims to determine the socio-demographic profile of the vasectomy, the completeness of the procedure and its related outcomes at Tertiary hospital of Karnali Province. Methods: It is a hospital-based cross sectional study among the patients who underwent vasectomy at Karnali Academy of Health Sciences during the period of July 2019 to June 2020 AD. The data were retrieved from the register. The patients were then interviewed via telephone and the variables were recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: Out of the total 67 cases, majority were Chhetri (59.7%) from Jumla and farmer(58.2%) by occupation. About 45% were educated till secondary level while 9% were illiterate. The mean age of male undergone vasectomy was 30 years. Ibuprofen prescribed after the procedure was adequate for analgesia in 85.1% of the people and 98.5% of people were satisfied with the procedure. There were no complications in two third(67.16%), however 13.43% had chronic scrotal pain, 11.94% had acute scrotal hematoma, 4.48% had epididymitis and 2.99% had infection of the scrotum. There was no issue with sexual frequency in 83.58% and 59.7% of the clients had not completed semen analysis. Conclusion: The post procedural issues after vasectomy were affirmative which showed low complications and procedural satisfactions. However the compliance with completion of semen analysis was not promising. The study can guide path for the further studies

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Morbidity Pattern and Health Seeking Behavior of Elderly People in Surnaya Rural Municipality, Baitadi, Nepal

Author: Amrit Bist
Anjila Pandey
Durga Khadka Mishra
Gobind Prasad Pant
Seshananda Sanjel
Publication venue: Karnali Academy of Health Sciences
Publication date: 01/04/2023
Field of study

Background: The number of older persons in the world has increased substantially in recent years and the growth is projected to accelerate in the coming decades. With an increase in the proportion of aged population, the elderly with ailments is also on the rise. The aged population has special health problems that are different from those of adults or young. This study aims to assess the morbidity patterns and health seeking behavior of elderly people. Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 197 elderly people in Surnaya Rural Municipality, Baitadi. Data was collected through face-to-face interview using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Ethical approval was received, and ethical issues were addressed. Data were processed using IBS SPSS v.25.0. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test was used. Results: The prevalence of morbidity was 71.6%. Respiratory condition was most reported, followed by digestive, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular diseases. Further, 17.0% sustained injury. Healthcare seeking by 77.3% and 76.1% had treatment compliance. The morbidity condition was significantly associated with economic status (p=0.041), spiritual activity (p=0.032), and difficulty falling asleep (p=0.003). Distance to reach the nearest health facility (p=0.022) and presence of chronic health problems (p<0.001) was significantly associated with healthcare seeking behavior of the elderly. Conclusion: The high prevalence of multiple morbidities was reported among the elderly and respiratory condition was leading. Still, large numbers of elderly do not seek healthcare and have low treatment compliance. Elderly-friendly health services, an extension of health insurance, and elderly health screening services are recommended to enhance health seeking behavior of the elderly

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