Green Synthesis Of Composite NPK Fertilizer For Sustainable Agriculture

The one step combination of an objective particle in a similar response vessel is generally viewed as an effective methodology in manufactured natural science. Several one step synthesis of biologically active molecules, primarily employing organo catalytic methods, is discussed in this overview, along with their strengths and weaknesses. The one step economy ideas presented here are not only applicable to catalysis but also to organometallic and organic reaction techniques in general. A synthesis that requires multiple steps could instead be carried out in a single reaction flask with a one step synthesis. Envision that a union including numerous means expects that you stir up the response at each step, then decontaminate and carry on the material to the following stage. During workup and/or purification, you will, of course, lose some materials regardless of how cautiously you move chemicals from flask to flask. As a result, I believe that the fact that it is less likely to lose material during workup and purification is the most significant advantage. The use of chemicals and solvents is cost-effective, which is the second benefit. If the reaction needs to be worked up at each step, you will almost always need to use solvents that will eventually go to waste. Multiple-step one-flask synthesis would only require final workup at the final step

Bubble Dynamics Studies In An Absorber With Swirl Entry Of Absorption Refrigeration System

Experimental investigations have been carried out on a glass bubble absorber with swirl entry of air to visualize air bubble characteristics. Experiments are carried out in still, co-current and counter-current flow direction of the water. In bubble visualization studies, it was observed that the bubbles forms at the swirl generator surface, grows and detaches the swirl generator surface and moves upwards in water. Effect of air and water flow rate on the bubble detachment diameter was studied. Bubble detachment diameter always increases with air flow rate irrespective of water flow direction. Bubble diameter increases in counter-current flow of water, whereas it decreases in co-current flow of water

Modified biophysical profile in high-risk pregnancy-association with neonatal APGAR score

Background: MBPP is used for evaluating fetal health and predicting fetal outcomes, which can help to minimize perinatal morbidity and death. It combines the non-stress test, an indicator of acute fetal hypoxia, with AFI, the second indicator of persistent fetal problems. Each patient has a non-stress test and an ultrasonic examination of liquor volume. A non-stress test that is reactive will reveal a healthy fetus. Hence, an attempt has been made to study the MBPP in high-risk pregnancies in predicting fetal outcome. Methods: Hospital-based prospective clinical study on 200 high-risk pregnant women more than 37weeks of gestation are screened using a modified biophysical profile. High-risk factors in the study include Gestational Hypertension, Preeclampsia, IUGR, Post-term pregnancy, Oligohydramnios, PROM, and Anemia. The study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Narayana medical college and hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh. Results: In the present study, a total of 200 patients, 76.0% had both (NST, AFI) normal, 5.0% had both (NST, AFI) abnormal, 10.0% had Normal in NST and abnormal in AFI, 9.0% had abnormal in NST, and normal in AFI. The individual association between NST and AFI with the neonatal outcomes ie., APGAR at 1 min and 5min have been studied and have been found to be statistically significant. Conclusions: In the present study, we concluded that MBPP is an effective antepartum fetal surveillance test in high-risk pregnancies in predicting perinatal outcome

Biochemical quality comparison of forced air dried osmo-dehydrated cashew apple products infused with spice mixture and sugar

Cashew apple is a pseudo-fruit available abundantly during harvest seasons (March to July) and majority of them goes as waste because of their perishability and poor shelf life. However, the absence of distinct exocarp and seeds are some of the potential advantages for processing utility. Hence, in the present study, osmo-dehydrated products were prepared from two maturity stages i.e. breaker and ripe stages using sugar, spice mixture and were referred to as cashew fig and chew, respectively. The drying efficiency and product recovery were conquered by cashew chew and fig, respectively. Based on the biochemical and organoleptic qualities, ripe fruits werefound suitable for preparation of chew and fig. The tannin content responsible for acridity got reduced (chew of ripe stage 1.18 to 0.53 mg/g and chew of breaker stage 1.85 to 0.68 mg/g) during the process of osmo- dehydration. Excluding total antioxidant activity, all other biochemical properties were found to be improved compared to their respective controls

Towards an end-to-end analysis and prediction system for weather, climate, and Marine applications in the Red Sea

AbstractThe Red Sea, home to the second-longest coral reef system in the world, is a vital resource for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Red Sea provides 90% of the Kingdom’s potable water by desalinization, supporting tourism, shipping, aquaculture, and fishing industries, which together contribute about 10%–20% of the country’s GDP. All these activities, and those elsewhere in the Red Sea region, critically depend on oceanic and atmospheric conditions. At a time of mega-development projects along the Red Sea coast, and global warming, authorities are working on optimizing the harnessing of environmental resources, including renewable energy and rainwater harvesting. All these require high-resolution weather and climate information. Toward this end, we have undertaken a multipronged research and development activity in which we are developing an integrated data-driven regional coupled modeling system. The telescopically nested components include 5-km- to 600-m-resolution atmospheric models to address weather and climate challenges, 4-km- to 50-m-resolution ocean models with regional and coastal configurations to simulate and predict the general and mesoscale circulation, 4-km- to 100-m-resolution ecosystem models to simulate the biogeochemistry, and 1-km- to 50-m-resolution wave models. In addition, a complementary probabilistic transport modeling system predicts dispersion of contaminant plumes, oil spill, and marine ecosystem connectivity. Advanced ensemble data assimilation capabilities have also been implemented for accurate forecasting. Resulting achievements include significant advancement in our understanding of the regional circulation and its connection to the global climate, development, and validation of long-term Red Sea regional atmospheric–oceanic–wave reanalyses and forecasting capacities. These products are being extensively used by academia, government, and industry in various weather and marine studies and operations, environmental policies, renewable energy applications, impact assessment, flood forecasting, and more.</jats:p

Towards an end-to-end analysis and prediction system for weather, climate, and marine applications in the Red Sea

Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 102(1), (2021): E99-E122, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0005.1.The Red Sea, home to the second-longest coral reef system in the world, is a vital resource for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Red Sea provides 90% of the Kingdom’s potable water by desalinization, supporting tourism, shipping, aquaculture, and fishing industries, which together contribute about 10%–20% of the country’s GDP. All these activities, and those elsewhere in the Red Sea region, critically depend on oceanic and atmospheric conditions. At a time of mega-development projects along the Red Sea coast, and global warming, authorities are working on optimizing the harnessing of environmental resources, including renewable energy and rainwater harvesting. All these require high-resolution weather and climate information. Toward this end, we have undertaken a multipronged research and development activity in which we are developing an integrated data-driven regional coupled modeling system. The telescopically nested components include 5-km- to 600-m-resolution atmospheric models to address weather and climate challenges, 4-km- to 50-m-resolution ocean models with regional and coastal configurations to simulate and predict the general and mesoscale circulation, 4-km- to 100-m-resolution ecosystem models to simulate the biogeochemistry, and 1-km- to 50-m-resolution wave models. In addition, a complementary probabilistic transport modeling system predicts dispersion of contaminant plumes, oil spill, and marine ecosystem connectivity. Advanced ensemble data assimilation capabilities have also been implemented for accurate forecasting. Resulting achievements include significant advancement in our understanding of the regional circulation and its connection to the global climate, development, and validation of long-term Red Sea regional atmospheric–oceanic–wave reanalyses and forecasting capacities. These products are being extensively used by academia, government, and industry in various weather and marine studies and operations, environmental policies, renewable energy applications, impact assessment, flood forecasting, and more.The development of the Red Sea modeling system is being supported by the Virtual Red Sea Initiative and the Competitive Research Grants (CRG) program from the Office of Sponsored Research at KAUST, Saudi Aramco Company through the Saudi ARAMCO Marine Environmental Center at KAUST, and by funds from KAEC, NEOM, and RSP through Beacon Development Company at KAUST