Design Space Exploration Of Emerging Technologies For Energy Efficiency

As the demand for denser and faster electronics is growing, semiconductor industry has responded by aggressively scaling transistor sizes to several nanometers. Nano-scale devices provide higher density circuits while imposing crucial power, thermal and reliability problems to the system. As wire width continue to shrink, copper interconnects in high-performance systems will suffer from significant increase in resistivity due to surface roughness and grain boundary scattering resulting in electromigration issues. Furthermore, as technology scaling following Moore’s law is reaching its limits, 3D integration is a novel, promising and fast-emerging technology. 3D integration provides several advantages over 2D ICs by enabling, higher functionality, small form factor and heterogeneous implementation.The work presented in the HDR manuscript addresses the challenges of designing reliable and energy efficient circuits and systems for emerging technologies. It covers:-modeling and simulation for understanding the physical, electrical and thermal behavior on 3D integrated circuits.-physical design methods for power and signal integrity of 3D integrated circuits.-energy efficiency exploration on circuits based on carbon nanotube (CNT) interconnects

L'appropriation de l'arbre, un nouveau front pour la cacaoculture ivoirienne ? Contraintes techniques, environnementales et foncières

Les producteurs de cacao ivoiriens font face à une nouvelle donne environnementale : en plus de la disparition du couvert forestier sous la progression des fronts pionniers cacaoyers, les systèmes conduits en monoculture montrent leurs limites et les évolutions climatiques récentes sont moins propices à cette culture. La conjonction de ces différents éléments conduit à une situation de blocage structurel. À la croisée de données environnementales et socio-politiques, cet article décrit et interroge les stratégies d'adaptation des producteurs de cacao dans ce contexte " post-forestier ". L'analyse des pratiques indique une dynamique d'introduction d'arbres associés dans les plantations face aux conditions environnementales. Néanmoins, cette stratégie d'adaptation agroforestière et notamment l'introduction de bois d'oeuvre de valeur sont freinées par des obstacles techniques (faible maîtrise de la plantation d'arbres de forêt), environnementaux (composition du recrû spontané) et fonciers (impensé juridique du statut de l'arbre hors forêt)

The Shifting of Adat "Anan Tuwoi" at the Siwe Morge Wedding of the Kayuagung Community, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency

This study aims to describe the shift in the custom of "anan tuwoi" at the siwe morge wedding ceremony of the Kayuagung community, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. The research was conducted in the community of Kayuagung, Kayuagung District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency. The type of research is qualitative research using observation data collection techniques, interviews, and documentation. Research informants include customary stakeholders and community representatives from each Kelurahan. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, and verification. Based on the research results that the custom "anan tuwoi" in siwe morge of the Kayuagung community is still preserved but there are some shifts in its implementation, it can be seen from the implementation of the custom "anan tuwoi" which usually can only be carried out by the native sons and daughters of the Kayuagung area, Ogan Komering Ilir, but in line the times and the advancement of technology, this custom is not only carried out by the sons and daughters of the original area of Kayuagung Ogan Komering Ilir, but if one of the brides either the bride or the groom comes from outside Kayuagung Ogan Komering Ilir this custom can still be implemented. Another shift in the equipment that the bride brings, in the past in the custom of "anan tuwoi" the bride is required to bring complete household equipment, but due to the increasingly difficult economy, the middle to lower class people are partly unable to fulfill all of the equipment. The next shift in the implementation of the tradition of "anan tuwoi", the bride, after completing all the traditional implementation processions, immediately lives at the groom's residence carrying all the equipment. Despite these shifts, the custom of "anan tuwoi" is still preserved until now as a legacy of our previous ancestors, which has many benefits and does not conflict with religious teachings.Keywords: shift, customs, "anan tuwoi"

Evidence for a novel feedback loop in the Hedgehog pathway involving the seven transmembranedomain protein Smoothened and the kinase Fused.

International audienceHedgehog (HH) is a major secreted morphogen involved in development, stem cell maintenance and oncogenesis[1, 2].In Drosophila wing imaginal discs, HH produced in the posterior compartment diffuses into the anterior compartment to control target gene transcription via the transcription factor Cubitus interruptus (CI). The first steps in reception and transduction of the HH signal are mediated by its receptor Patched (PTC)[3] and the seven-transmembranedomain protein Smoothened (SMO) [4, 5]. PTC and HH control SMOby regulating its stability, trafficking and phosphorylation (for review see [6]). SMO interacts directly with the Ser-Thr protein kinase Fused (FU) and the kinesin-related protein Costal2 (COS2), which interact with each other and with CI in an intracellular “Hedgehog transducing complex”[7-9].We show here that HH induces FUtargeting to the plasma membrane in a SMO-dependent fashion and that,reciprocally,FUcontrols SMO stability and phosphorylation. FUanchorage to the membrane is sufficient to make it a potent SMO-dependent, PTC-resistant, activator of the pathway. These findings reveal a novel positive-feedback loop in HH transduction and are consistent with a model in which FU and SMO, by mutually enhancing each other's activities, sustain high levels of signalingand render the pathway robust to PTClevel fluctuations

Pulse-level Noise Mitigation on Quantum Applications

Currently available quantum computers are prone to errors. Circuit optimization and error mitigation methods are needed to design quantum circuits to achieve better fidelity when executed on NISQ hardware. Dynamical decoupling (DD) is generally used to suppress the decoherence error and different DD strategies have been proposed. Moreover, the circuit fidelity can be improved by pulse-level optimization, such as creating hardware-native pulse-efficient gates. This paper implements all the popular DD sequences and evaluates their performances on IBM quantum chips with different characteristics for various well-known quantum applications. Also, we investigate combining DD with pulse-level optimization method and apply them to QAOA to solve Max-Cut problem. Based on the experimental results, we found that DD can be a benefit for only certain types of quantum algorithms, while the combination of DD and pulse-level optimization methods always has a positive impact. Finally, we provide several guidelines for users to learn how to use these pulse-level noise mitigation methods to build circuits for quantum applications with high fidelity

A Hierarchical Model for CNT and Cu-CNT Composite Interconnects: From Density Functional Theory to Circuit-Level Simulations

No abstract available

Oscillatory neural network learning for pattern recognition:an on-chip learning perspective and implementation

In the human brain, learning is continuous, while currently in AI, learning algorithms are pre-trained, making the model non-evolutive and predetermined. However, even in AI models, environment and input data change over time. Thus, there is a need to study continual learning algorithms. In particular, there is a need to investigate how to implement such continual learning algorithms on-chip. In this work, we focus on Oscillatory Neural Networks (ONNs), a neuromorphic computing paradigm performing auto-associative memory tasks, like Hopfield Neural Networks (HNNs). We study the adaptability of the HNN unsupervised learning rules to on-chip learning with ONN. In addition, we propose a first solution to implement unsupervised on-chip learning using a digital ONN design. We show that the architecture enables efficient ONN on-chip learning with Hebbian and Storkey learning rules in hundreds of microseconds for networks with up to 35 fully-connected digital oscillators.</p

qprof: a gprof-inspired quantum profiler

We introduce qprof, a new and extensible quantum program profiler able to generate profiling reports of various quantum circuits. We describe the internal structure and working of qprof and provide three practical examples on practical quantum circuits with increasing complexity. This tool will allow researchers to visualise their quantum implementation in a different way and reliably localise the bottlenecks for efficient code optimisation.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figure