Fenomena Komunikasi Anggota Komunitas Graffiti di Kota Medan (Studi Fenomenologi pada Anggota Komunitas Me&art)

Community of Graffiti become a separate phenomenon, which represent one of the subkultural youngster in the middle of society. Community of ME&ART in Medan become a unique phenomenon, because specification and uniqueness of activity and also life style which this community have to make this community exist and recognized in Medan. Some ways do youngster to communicate the existence of self through art of graffiti. This research intend to know motive of member community ME&ART in expressing art of graffiti, symbol meaning of graffiti and for describe about communication behavior of community member ME&ART in Medan.This research used qualitative methode by phenomenological approach. The subject of research is 5 who represent Community member of ME&ART selected use technique of purposive. Data obtained through participant observation, in-depth interview, and documentation. This research use technique analyse data of interaktif by using data collecting technique, data discount, presentation of data and withdrawal of conclusion.The result of research showed that here are two motives of community members to express their graffiti art motifs of the past and the future motives. Meaning built by members of the community ME&ART Graffiti as a medium to deliver creative, media delivery of messages and as a medium of expression. Community members communication behavior ME & ART views of verbal communication verbal and nonverbal communication.Keywords: Phenomenological, graffiti, Community, Meaning of Symbols, Communication Behavior, Simbolic Interaction Theory

Efek Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Group Investigation Dan Teamwork Skills Terhadap Hasil Belajar Fisika

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: Mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajarfisika siswa melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe GroupInvestigationdengan model pembelajaran Direct Instruction. Mengetahui perbedaan hasilbelajar fisika antara kelompok siswa yang memiliki teamwork skills dibawah rata-rata dengan di atas rata-rata. Mengetahui interaksi antara modelpembelajaran dengan tingkat teamwork skills siswa dalam mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan desain faktorial 2x2. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswakelas X. Sampel dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara cluster randomsebanyak dua kelas, dimana kelas pertama sebagai kelas eksperimenditerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Group Investigation dankelas kedua sebagai kelas kontrol diterapkan model pembelajaran DirectInstruction. Instrumen yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini yaitu instrumentes hasil belajar fisika dalam bentuk uraian sebanyak 8 soal dan insrumenobservasi teamwok skills yang telah dinyatakan valid dan reliabel. Datadianalisis menggunakan analisis Anava dua jalur. Dari hasil penelitian dapatdisimpulkan bahwa: Hasil belajar fisika pada model kooperatif tipe groupinvestigation lebih tinggi dibandingkan model direct interuction. Hasilbelajar fisika pada kelompok siswa yang memiliki tingkat teamwork skills diatas rata-rata lebih tinggi dibandingkan di bawah rata-rata. Terdapatinteraksiantara model pembelajaran dengan tingkat teamwork skills siswa dalammempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa. Model pembelajaran kooperatif tipegroup investigation sangat baik diterapkan pada kelompok siswa yangmemiliki teamwork skills di atas rata-rata. Sedangkan pada model directinteruction tidak perlu memperhatikan teamwork skills

Approaches to Construction Waste Management in Malaysia

The concept of construction waste management was introduced a long time ago but the effort of waste minimization has, for the most part, merely been observed and not practiced. Additionally, an increasing allocation of landfills has indicated a growing production of waste. However, the allocation of funding or skills for the prevention of waste has been scarce as waste minimization has not been given enough attention. One such example is the undertaking of different stages of construction, which often does not account for future problems in construction waste. Hence, this study is intended to investigate common waste management practices on construction sites in Malaysia. As part of this investigation, site observations and questionnaires were conducted to collect information from the respondents. Comprehensive literature reviews also helped to understand the latest norms as well as previous practices in waste management. The results reflected that certain areas of knowledge and implementation showed great gaps with the same mistakes appearing frequently, pointing to the conclusion that known causes of excess waste are often not rectified and suggestions for improvement are not fully incorporated in standard practices

Antifungal Profiles of Extracts of Vitellaria paradoxa (Shea-Butter) Bark

The antifungal profiles of the bark of Vitellaria paradoxa were examined against clinical isolates of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum audouinii and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Decoction method was used for the extraction of the active substances from the plant bark with cold and hot water and ethanol as extraction solvents. Agar dilution method was used in the antifungal susceptibility studies while the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC, mg/ml) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC, mg/ml) of the ethanolic extract were determined. Generally, the ethanolic extract was the most effective, followed by the hot aqueous extract. The cold aqueous extract was the least effective against all the test fungi. All the extracts exhibited greater antifungal activity against the dermatophytes than the Aspergillus sp. Growth of T. mentagrophytes was completely inhibited by both the hot aqueous and ethanolic extracts. The similarity between the low values of the MIC and MFC obtained revealed that the plant bark possesses potent fungicidal components against the test isolates. The rate of kill study showed that with 200mg/ml of the ethanolic extract, 106 spores/ml of the Aspergillus sp. were reduced by over 50% while spores of T. . mentagrophytes were completely killed after 60 minutes contact time. This study therefore suggests that the bark of V. paradoxa could contain high concentrations of biocidal substances against the dermatophytes

Investigating Asphaltenes Composition in Crude Oil Samples using Iatroscan TLC-FID Method.

This research was carried out to investigate the percentage composition of asphaltenes by Iatroscan analysis using Thin Layer Chromatography-Flame Ion Detection method (Iatroscan TLC-FID) The percentage composition of asphaltenes by Iatroscan TLC-FID method was compared with the weight% of asphaltenes precipitated. The results from the two methods nearly agreed with each other which revealed that the amount of asphaltene recovered by precipitation is analogous to Iatroscan analysis carried out prior to precipitation. The insignificant difference observed between the two results could be associated to some slight unavoidable experimental and analytical errors which were slightly encountered and instantly addressed. Based on the results obtained from Iatroscan analysis and % composition by weights of asphaltenes recovered, the non-degraded oil tagged 8676 was observed to comparatively have higher asphaltene composition (1125 mg, 11.22 %) than its counterpart which is very slightly degraded oil and tagged 6661 (608.5 mg, 6.085 %). This is not commonly reported in literature. Probably, this indicates that biodegradation may possibly not increase asphaltene composition of oil as widely reported.Keywords: Asphaltenes, Biodegradation, Iatroscan TLC-FID, Oi

Prevalence and public health implications of the microbial load of abused Naira notes

A hundred and forty (140) pieces of abused Naira notes were randomly and aseptically collected in Kano metropolis and examined microbiologically for the load and type of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) using swab-rinse and standard plate count techniques. The mean average bacterial counts on the notes ranged between 3.59 x 102 cfu/ml and 1.29 x 105 cfu/ml while fungal counts ranged between 3.24 x 102 cfu/ml and 1.59 x 106 cfu/ml. The lowest and highest counts for both bacteria and fungi were found in the N500 and N5 abused naira denominations respectively. The bacteria isolated include the genera of Bacillus, Brucella, Clostridium, Corynebacterium, Listeria, Micrococcus and Staphylococcus while fungi include the genera of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium and Rhizopus. There was no recovery of both bacteria and fungi in the control. The implications of the results have been discussed. Keywords: Microbiological load, abused naira notes, public health, Kano

Axial Compressive Strength of Foamcrete with Different Profiles and Dimensions

Lightweight foamcrete is a versatile material; primarily consist of a cement based mortar mixed with at least 20% volume of air. High flow ability, lower self-weight, minimal requirement of aggregate, controlled low strength and good thermal insulation properties are a few characteristics of foamcrete. Its dry densities, typically, is below 1600 kg/m3 with compressive strengths maximum of 15MPa. The ASTM standard provision specifies a correction factor for concrete strengths of between 14 and 42MPa to compensate for the reduced strength when the aspect height-to-diameter ratio of specimen is less than 2.0, while the CEB-FIP provision specifically mentions the ratio of 150 x 300 mm cylinder strength to 150 mm cube strength. However, both provisions requirements do not specifically clarify the applicability and/or modification of the correction factors for the compressive strength of foamcrete. This proposed laboratory work is intended to study the effect of different dimensions and profiles on the axial compressive strength of concrete. Specimens of various dimensions and profiles are cast with square and circular cross-sections i.e., cubes, prisms and cylinders, and to investigate their behavior in compression strength at 7 and 28 days. Hypothetically, compressive strength will decrease with the increase of concrete specimen dimension and concrete specimen with cube profile would yield comparable compressive strength to cylinder (100 x 100 x 100mm cube to 100dia x 200mm cylinder)

Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Copper (II) Complex with a Schiff base Derived from 2 – Hydroxy – 1 – naphthaldehyde and Ethylenediammine

Synthesis of Copper (II) complex with a Schiff base derived from the condensation of 2 – hydroxyl-1-naphthaldehyde and ethylenediammine was carried out. Solubility, melting/decomposition temperature, molar conductance, potentiometric as well as uv-visible spectrophotometric studies were carried out. The pKa of the Schiff base was determined potentiometrically and checked using ORIGIN 50 method. Potentiometric studies revealed 1:1 metal to ligand ratio. Job’s method of continuous variation also revealed 1:1 metal to ligand ratio. Molar conductance measurements showed that the complex is non electrolyte with very high stability constant value. Gibb’s free energy determination showed that the complex is very stable as shown by the high decomposition temperature measurements.Keywords: Complex, Potentiometry, Schiff base, Stability constan