A drowning abdomen-a case report on acute urinary retention due to retroverted gravid uterus

Acute urinary retention due to retroverted gravid uterus is a rare condition, but serious complication of pregnancy. It usually occurs between 10 and 16 weeks of gestation. We report a case of 26 year old primigravida at 13 weeks of gestation presented to OPD with the complaints of abdominal distension for 30 days and lower abdominal pain associated with burning micturition for 10 days. On examination, abdomen is uniformly distended corresponding to 30 to 32 weeks of gestation which is tense and cystic, on per vaginal examination -features of retroverted uterus felt. Scan showed single intrauterine gestation corresponding to 13 weeks+5days with full bladder. Patient was catheterised and 2.5litre of urine drained. Patient was asked to lie in prone position at least 3-4 times a day. After 1 week patient was symptomatically better, on per vaginal examination uterus returned to midposition.

Multicultural Awareness and Practices among Malaysian Primary School Teachers

This study was designed and aimed at identifying the awareness and practices of multicultural awareness among primary school teachers in Malaysia. It attempts to identify their awareness of multicultural concept when dealing with their students and staffs at their school. This awareness was measured by three variables: awareness, knowledge and skills. A number of 41 questions which inquired about the three variables were distributed randomly to 50 primary school teachers in Malaysia. These teachers were from three ethic types of primary schools: Tamil, Chinese and Malay primary schools. The reason for choosing the three different mainstream schools was because they represented the main different multicultural practices in the country. From these participants, five teachers were selected for further interviews to obtain richer data. The findings revealed that the awareness of multicultural education among primary school teachers was still at the medium level. Thus, this study suggests that there should be a multicultural awareness campaign at all schools in Malaysia in order to ensure that each student, no matter from what backgrounds they are from, feel they are part of the Malaysian society as a whole. The study also found that the awareness should start from the home, environment and peer and through parental guidance because school is a bridge between home and the society that will form one Malaysian society to achieve vision 2020

Pre-donation deferral of blood donors in South Indian set-up: An analysis

Background: It is well known that quite a large number of apparently healthy donors are not able to donate blood successfully because of varied reasons. Aim: We want to analyze the rate and various reasons for deferrals. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of records of the donors, for 3 years, from January 2005 to December 2007 was done, in order to find out the rate and causes of deferral in four categories of age groups, both in male and female, in our Transfusion Medicine Centre, Bangalore, India. Result: There were 16,706 donors, of which 976 donors were deferred (5.84%) for various reasons. Of the 16,706 donors registered for donation, females constituted only 11.27%. And deferral rate was about five times more for female (19.85%) compared to male (4.06%). The three most common reasons for deferral in female were low hemoglobin levels, low body weight, and hypotension. The deferral rate was higher in the age group of 18-25 years and most common cause was low hemoglobin level. In male, the three most common reasons for deferral were hypertension, under weight, and low hemoglobin levels. The deferral rate varied from 4 to 15% as reported in the literature. The most common cause of deferral in our study and in several studies available in the literature is the same

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance assessment of subclinical mastitis in milk samples from selected dairy farms

This study was conducted in order to determine the prevalence and bacteriological assessment of subclinical mastitis and antimicrobial resistance of bacterial isolates from dairy cows in different farms around Selangor, Malaysia. A total of 120 milk samples from 3 different farms were randomly collected and tested for subclinical mastitis using California Mastitis Test (CMT), as well as for bacterial culture for isolation, identification and antimicrobial resistance. The most prevalent bacteria was Staphylococcus sp. (55%), followed by Bacillus sp., (21%) and Corynebacterium sp., (7%), Yersinia sp. and Neisseria sp. both showed 5% prevalence, other species with prevalence below 5% are Acinetobacter sp., Actinobacillus sp., Vibrio sp., Pseudomonas sp., E.coli, Klebsiella sp. and Chromobacter sp. Selected Staphylococcus sp. showed a mean antimicrobial resistance of 73.3% to Ampicillin, 26.7% to Penicillin, Methicillin and Compound Sulphonamide each, 20% to Oxacillin, Amoxycillin and Cefuroxime, 13.3% to Polymyxin B, Erythromycin, Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin and 6.7% to Streptomycin, Clindamycin, Lincomycin and Tetracycline each. This study indicates the need for urgent and effective control measures to tackle the increase in prevalence of subclinical mastitis and their antimicrobial resistance in the study area