Influência dos tratamentos térmicos de solubilização e envelhecimento artificial na dureza de uma liga de AL com 5,5% de CU produzida via metalurgia do pó / Influence of solution treating and artificial aging heat treatments in the hardness of an AL alloy with 5.5% of CU manufatured by powder metallurgy

Este trabalho apresenta o estudo dos tratamentos térmicos de solubilização e envelhecimento artificial realizados em uma liga de alumínio com 5,5 % de cobre produzida via metalurgia do pó e a influência destes tratamentos no aumento da dureza do material. Os pós elementares de alumínio e cobre foram inicialmente processados em um moinho de alta energia tipo SPEX por 2h, em seguida seis amostras foram compactados uniaxialmente a frio em uma prensa hidráulica, a carga de compressão utilizada foi de 14 toneladas por um tempo de 15 minutos, posteriormente as amostras foram sinterizadas em um forno a vácuo por 5h à uma temperatura de 515°C. Após sinterização, três das amostras sofreram os seguintes tratamentos térmicos: solubilização à 180°C por 2h, seguido de resfriamento por têmpera em água e envelhecimento artificial à 515ºC por 7h seguido de resfriamento à temperatura ambiente. As amostras foram submetidas ao ensaio de microdureza Vickers onde foi verificado um aumento na dureza do material de 69,22% na liga após tratamento térmico. Foram realizados experimentos de microscopia ótica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura com espectroscopia de baixa energia dispersiva associada para caracterização microestrutural da liga, além de difração de raios-X que determinou as fases presentes na liga

Aprendizagem inventiva de professores da escola básica na pandemia da covid-19

Based on inventive cognition’s perspective, this work aims to understand how teachers invent themselves in the process of learning how to use remote teaching tools. 93 basic education teachers (from Paraíba and Pernambuco) participated. Through descriptive statistical analysis of sociodemographic data and content analysis of answers to a survey (open-ended questions), it was observed that women are the most affected by the changes in school education conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, as they recreate interpersonal relations and relations with their profession’s knowledge within the limits of their own body and the demands of continuous teaching work.Basado en la perspectiva de la cognición inventiva, este trabajo busca comprender la reinvención del professor aprendiendo a utilizar herramientas de enseñanza remota. Participaron 93 profesores de educación básica (Paraíba y Pernambuco). Mediante análisis estadístico descriptivo de datos sociodemográficos y análisis de contenido de respuestas a preguntas abiertas de un cuestionario, se observó que las mujeres son más afectadas por los cambios en las condiciones de la educación escolar provocados por la pandemia del COVID-19, recreando relaciones (inter)personales y con los conocimientos de su profesión, en los límites de su propio cuerpo y de las exigencias del trabajo docente continuo.Este trabalho está fundamentado na perspectiva da cognição inventiva, objetivando compreender como o professor se inventa no processo de sua própria aprendizagem de utilização de ferramentas no ensino remoto. Participaram 93 professores da educação básica (Paraíba e Pernambuco). Mediante análise estatística descritiva dos dados sociodemográficos e análise de conteúdo de respostas às questões abertas de um questionário online, observou-se que as mulheres são as mais afetadas pelas mudanças nas condições da educação escolar provocadas pela pandemia da COVID-19, recriando relações (inter)pessoais e com os conhecimentos da profissão nos limites do próprio corpo e das exigências de um trabalho docente contínuo

Association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly in Brazil, January to May, 2016: preliminary report of a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: The microcephaly epidemic, which started in Brazil in 2015, was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by WHO in 2016. We report the preliminary results of a case-control study investigating the association between microcephaly and Zika virus infection during pregnancy. METHODS: We did this case-control study in eight public hospitals in Recife, Brazil. Cases were neonates with microcephaly. Two controls (neonates without microcephaly), matched by expected date of delivery and area of residence, were selected for each case. Serum samples of cases and controls and cerebrospinal fluid samples of cases were tested for Zika virus-specific IgM and by quantitative RT-PCR. Laboratory-confirmed Zika virus infection during pregnancy was defined as detection of Zika virus-specific IgM or a positive RT-PCR result in neonates. Maternal serum samples were tested by plaque reduction neutralisation assay for Zika virus and dengue virus. We estimated crude odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs using a median unbiased estimator for binary data in an unconditional logistic regression model. We estimated ORs separately for cases with and without radiological evidence of brain abnormalities. FINDINGS: Between Jan 15, 2016, and May 2, 2016, we prospectively recruited 32 cases and 62 controls. 24 (80%) of 30 mothers of cases had Zika virus infection compared with 39 (64%) of 61 mothers of controls (p=0·12). 13 (41%) of 32 cases and none of 62 controls had laboratory-confirmed Zika virus infection; crude overall OR 55·5 (95% CI 8·6-∞); OR 113·3 (95% CI 14·5-∞) for seven cases with brain abnormalities; and OR 24·7 (95% CI 2·9-∞) for four cases without brain abnormalities. INTERPRETATION: Our data suggest that the microcephaly epidemic is a result of congenital Zika virus infection. We await further data from this ongoing study to assess other potential risk factors and to confirm the strength of association in a larger sample size. FUNDING: Brazilian Ministry of Health, Pan American Health Organization, and Enhancing Research Activity in Epidemic Situations

Association between microcephaly, Zika virus infection, and other risk factors in Brazil: final report of a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: A Zika virus epidemic emerged in northeast Brazil in 2015 and was followed by a striking increase in congenital microcephaly cases, triggering a declaration of an international public health emergency. This is the final report of the first case-control study evaluating the potential causes of microcephaly: congenital Zika virus infection, vaccines, and larvicides. The published preliminary report suggested a strong association between microcephaly and congenital Zika virus infection. METHODS: We did a case-control study in eight public maternity hospitals in Recife, Brazil. Cases were neonates born with microcephaly, defined as a head circumference of 2 SD below the mean. Two controls without microcephaly were matched to each case by expected date of delivery and area of residence. We tested the serum of cases and controls and the CSF of cases for detection of Zika virus genomes with quantitative RT-PCR and for detection of IgM antibodies with capture-IgM ELISA. We also tested maternal serum with plaque reduction neutralisation assays for Zika and dengue viruses. We estimated matched crude and adjusted odds ratios with exact conditional logistic regression to determine the association between microcephaly and Zika virus infection. FINDINGS: We screened neonates born between Jan 15 and Nov 30, 2016, and prospectively recruited 91 cases and 173 controls. In 32 (35%) cases, congenital Zika virus infection was confirmed by laboratory tests and no controls had confirmed Zika virus infections. 69 (83%) of 83 cases with known birthweight were small for gestational age, compared with eight (5%) of 173 controls. The overall matched odds ratio was 73·1 (95% CI 13·0-∞) for microcephaly and Zika virus infection after adjustments. Neither vaccination during pregnancy or use of the larvicide pyriproxyfen was associated with microcephaly. Results of laboratory tests for Zika virus and brain imaging results were available for 79 (87%) cases; within these cases, ten were positive for Zika virus and had cerebral abnormalities, 13 were positive for Zika infection but had no cerebral abnormalities, and 11 were negative for Zika virus but had cerebral abnormalities. INTERPRETATION: The association between microcephaly and congenital Zika virus infection was confirmed. We provide evidence of the absence of an effect of other potential factors, such as exposure to pyriproxyfen or vaccines (tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis, measles and rubella, or measles, mumps, and rubella) during pregnancy, confirming the findings of an ecological study of pyriproxyfen in Pernambuco and previous studies on the safety of Tdap vaccine administration during pregnancy. FUNDING: Brazilian Ministry of Health, Pan American Health Organization, and Enhancing Research Activity in Epidemic Situations

Leituras e leitores de Richard Morse: a trajetória de um livro sobre a formação da metrópole paulista

De comunidade à metrópole: a biografia de São Paulo, was first published in 1954 and then re published in 1970 as Formação histórica de São Paulo: de comunidade à metrópole. Written by a young US researcher fascinated by Latin America, this material was originally submitted as his PhD thesis at Columbia University in 1952. Since then, Richard Morse's (1922-2001) work has come a long way and is now considered a primary reference in the history of urban development of São Paulo. This article briefly recovers the reader's response when Morse's research was first published, and how it ensured the book's importance in the Brazilian historiography. The aim is to draw a parallel trajectory of the book and its author - the young researcher at Columbia who became a professor of Latin American History at Yale - and to discuss the meanings regarding its importance in São Paulo's historiography as well as its contribution to a better understanding of the city.O livro De comunidade à metrópole: a biografia de São Paulo, publicado em 1954 e reeditado em 1970 com um novo título, Formação histórica de São Paulo: de comunidade à metrópole, foi escrito por um jovem norte-americano encantado com a América Latina, tendo sido inicialmente apresentado como tese de doutorado na Universidade de Columbia, em 1952. Desde então, essa obra de Richard Morse (1922-2001) percorreu um longo caminho, sendo hoje considerada "um clássico" sobre a evolução urbana da capital paulista. Retoma-se sinteticamente aqui a recepção da publicação, recuperando leitores e leituras que acabaram por garantir ao livro de Morse esse lugar na historiografia paulistana e brasileira. Busca-se, desse modo, traçar um paralelo entra a trajetória do livro e a de seu autor - que de jovem investigador em Columbia torna-se professor de História da América Latina na Universidade de Yale - para discutir o sentido do livro na historiografia e na própria interpretação que o livro fundaria sobre a cidade de São Paulo

The Dialogue between Student-Reader/Author in University Classroom and Teacher Mediation

Reading is a process of interaction between reader / author / text that results in the production of multiple meanings. This study assessed the reading situations experienced in the classroom in a university context, promoted by the teacher. Two UFPE professors of the teacher training courses took part in the study, as well as, their respective groups, some of licensure courses and others of the pedagogy course. We had fourteen observations of text discussion moments in the classroom through audio recordings and notetaking. According to the results: readings in small groups of students occurred in the two classes, the strategy of questions and answers was used in both cases, intertextuality was always present in the words of teachers and learners in the multiple languages were more commonly present in the group of various degrees by the nature of proposed activities. There was a perceived failure to impose the meanings produced by teachers to students, meaning is negotiated in moments of discussion

Conhecimentos sobre enteroparasitoses entre gestantes atendidas em uma unidade de saúde de Maceió - AL em 2017

As infecções parasitárias podem causar a morte do infectado dependendo do grau de patogenicidade, o que justifica a investigação do conhecimento sobre essas enfermidades em grupos de risco específicos, como gestantes. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o conhecimento sobre enteroparasitoses entre gestantes atendidas em uma unidade de saúde de Maceió – AL. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo transversal descritivo, com uma amostra não probabilística por conveniência de 100 gestantes em acompanhamento pré-natal. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário padronizado, no período de fevereiro a julho de 2017. O grau de escolaridade não influenciou o conhecimento sobre as enteroparasitoses avaliadas. Cerca de 54% das gestantes afirmaram possuir o hábito de sempre lavar as mãos antes das refeições e após ir ao banheiro. O consumo de frutas e hortaliças foi prevalente, e 37% afirmaram higienizá-las com vinagre ou água sanitária, mas 87% afirmaram consumir carne malpassada. Aproximadamente 80% recebiam o abastecimento de água encanada, e 47% utilizavam água mineral para ingestão. Apesar dos avanços na assistência pré-natal na última década, a falta de conhecimento entre gestantes acerca de parasitoses se configura como fator de risco para infecção parasitária; nesse sentido, torna-se necessária a realização de atividades de educação em saúde para esse grupo, esclarecendo formas de transmissão e prevenção relacionadas às enteroparasitoses