Influência da cultivar e da estação do ano (inverno e verão) em compostos bioativos em quatro cultivares de alface vermelha (Lactuca sativa L.)

A alface é uma hortaliça muito consumida e de grande importância econômica, e tem despertado interesse por seus componentes bioativos, como carotenoides e compostos fenólicos. Estes compostos são os principais responsáveis pela capacidade antioxidante de determinados alimentos, e o suprimento das necessidades diárias de antioxidantes, através da alimentação, está associado à prevenção ou redução de efeitos patológicos adversos, tais como os problemas cardiovasculares, câncer e diabetes mellitus. Atualmente existe uma ampla diversificação nos tipos de alface cultivada, sendo que a alface vermelha ocupa parte desse segmento; no entanto, ainda faltam pesquisas direcionadas aos perfis e teores de compostos bioativos em diferentes estações do ano em tais hortaliças. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito da cultivar e do período de cultivo, inverno e verão, sobre o perfil dos carotenoides e da composição fenólica em quatro cultivares de alface de cor vermelha (Mila, Maira, Carmin e Scarlet). O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido (casa de vegetação). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com 4 cultivares, 3 repetições e 16 plantas por parcela no inverno e no verão. Após a colheita, as amostras foram liofilizadas, embaladas à vácuo e armazenadas à -18 ºC para determinação de atividade antioxidante (ABTS), carotenoides (CAR), antocianinas e compostos fenólicos extraíveis (CFE) e não extraíveis (CFNE). A cultivar e a estação do ano não influenciaram o perfil qualitativo dos carotenoides e compostos fenólicos da alface vermelha. No entanto, a estação influenciou a concentração desses componentes em todas as cultivares. Os níveis de CFE e antocianinas foram significativamente maiores no inverno, enquanto os níveis de carotenoides e CFNE foram maiores no verão. Foram identificadas dez antocianinas (cianidinas e delfinidinas). O principal carotenoide encontrado foi o all-trans-β-caroteno (45-48%), seguido pela luteína (13-20%) e zeaxantina (11-15%). Os principais CFE incluem ácido 5-cafeoilquínico e rutina. Foram encontrados 25 CFNE, como ácido gálico, caféico e clorogênico. Cultivares de alface vermelha têm seus principais compostos bioativos descritos e comparados em duas épocas de plantio. Os resultados deste estudo reforçam que a estação do ano pode modular a concentração de compostos bioativos na alface.Lettuce is a widely consumed vegetable of great economic importance, and has aroused interest for its bioactive components, such as carotenoids and phenolic compounds. These compounds are main responsible for the antioxidant capacity of certain foods, and the supplying the daily needs of antioxidants through food is associated with the prevention or reduction of adverse pathological effects, such as cardiovascular problems, cancer and diabetes mellitus. Currently there is a wide diversification in the types of cultivated lettuce, with red lettuce occupying part of this segment; however, there is still a lack of research aimed at the profiles and levels of bioactive compounds in different seasons of the year in such vegetables. Thus, the objective of this work was to verify the effect of cultivar and growing period, winter and summer, on the profile of carotenoids and phenolic composition in four red lettuce cultivars (Mila, Maira, Carmin and Scarlet). The experiment was conducted in a protected environment (greenhouse). The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with 4 cultivars, 3 replications and 16 plants per plot in winter and summer. After collection, samples were lyophilized, vacuum packed and stored at -18 ºC for determination of antioxidant activity (ABTS), carotenoids (CAR), anthocyanins and extractable (EPC) and non-extractable (NEPC) phenolic compounds. Cultivar and season of the year did not influence the qualitative profile of carotenoids and phenolic compounds in red lettuce. However, the season influenced the concentration of these components in all cultivars. EPC and anthocyanin levels were significantly higher in winter, while carotenoid and NEPC levels were higher in summer. Ten anthocyanins (cyanidins and delphinidins) were identified. The main carotenoid found was all-trans-β-carotene (45-48%), followed by lutein (13-20%) and zeaxanthin (11-15%). Major EPC's include 5-caffeoylquinic acid and rutin. 25 NEPC were found, such as gallic, caffeic and chlorogenic acid. Red lettuce cultivars have their main bioactive compounds described and compared in two seasons. The results of this study reinforce that the season can modulate the concentration of bioactive compounds in lettuce

A representação social da inclusão na formação de professores

This article is the result of a section of thesis research, with the objective of apprehending and identifying the representational structures of inclusion elaborated by those from the UFPB Pedagogy Course, in a total of 243 students. A multi-method field research was carried out. The free word association test and the sociodemographic questionnaire were used as instruments. The word respect constitutes a centralizing element of Social Representations, as far as students are concerned, this group understands inclusion as an act that involves education and love for its realization. Specifically, the students evoked respect (99), accessibility (56), equality (47), law (42), education (26), acceptance (22) and opportunity (19). The figurative, imagetic nucleus that represents inclusion for these students points to the idea of respect. Respect is presented as an essential element in anchoring with reality, constituting, in the students' view, a primary factor for inclusion.Este artículo es el resultado de uma sección de investigación de tesis, com el objetivo aprehender e identificar las estructuras representacionales de la inclusión elaboradas por los discentes de la Carrera de Pedagogía de la UFPB, en total de 243 discentes. Se realizó una pesquisa de campo de abordaje multimétodos. Se utilizó como instrumento el test de asociación libre de palabras y el cuestionario sociodemográfico. La palabra respeto se constituye como un elemento centralizador de las Representaciones Sociales, en lo que se refiere a los discentes, este grupo entiende la inclusión como un acto que envuelve la educación y el amor para su realización. Específicamente, los discentes evocaron respeto (99), accesibilidad (56), igualdad (47), derecho (42), educación (26), aceptación (22) y oportunidad (19). El núcleo figurativo, imagético, que representa la inclusión para estos alumnos apunta para la idea de respeto. El respeto se presenta como elemento esencial en el anclaje con la realidad, constituyéndose, en la visión de los discentes como factor primordial para la inclusión.Este artigo é resultado de um recorte de pesquisa de tese, com objetivo apreender e identificar as estruturas representacionais da inclusão elaboradas pelos do Curso de Pedagogia da UFPB, no total de 243 discentes. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo de abordagem multimétodos. Utilizou-se como instrumentos o teste de associação livre de palavras e o questionário sociodemográfico. A palavra respeito constitui-se como um elemento centralizador das Representações Sociais, no que tange os discentes, esse grupo entende a inclusão como um ato que envolve a educação e o amor para sua realização. Especificamente, os discentes evocaram respeito (99), acessibilidade (56), igualdade (47), direito (42), educação (26), aceitação (22) e oportunidade (19). O núcleo figurativo, imagético, que representa a inclusão para esses alunos aponta para a ideia de respeito. O respeito se apresenta como elemento essencial na ancoragem com a realidade, constituindo-se, na visão dos discente como fator primordial para a inclusão

Public Policies and Innovation Ecosystem within the Technological Innovation Center of the Federal Institute Baiano: strategic analysis of actions, programs and projects

Innovation policies have been gaining ground in the Brazilian scenario, requiring a strategic look at innovation activities by organizations in the conception of technologies. The article aimed to analyze the actions, programs and projects that are driving the innovation ecosystem of the Technological Innovation Center of the Federal Institute of Bahia (NIT IF Baiano) with a view to strengthening Innovation Policies for local and regional development. The research had a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory approach, documentary research and content analysis. Several actions were found to foster innovation, the main ones being: scientific and technological dialogues, seminars. Thus, it was evidenced in this research that within the scope of IF Bahia the Innovation Policy for the management of Intellectual Property (IP) and Technology Transfer was recently regulated and, as a reflex, it was found that its IP indicators are retracted, for example the patents, trademarks and software. On the other hand, the scientific initiation programs received scholarships and the research projects developed managed to exceed the programmed goals. Finally, the NIT IF Baiano must remain supporting innovation policies to support the institutional Innovation Policy in order to leverage its technological indicators

"Different though the sexes are, they intermix" : oscilações de gênero em Orlando : a biography de Virginia Woolf

The following article discusses how gender shifts are portrayed in the novel Orlando: A Biography (1928), by Virginia Woolf. Since the beginning of the novel, Orlando is presented as a very talented, unique creature, with a great aptitude for writing. Also, Orlando is depicted as an adaptable person, who shifts his behavior according to what is expected from him in different situations. Besides, Orlando goes through sex change in the middle of the story. Accepting the fantastic happenings of the narrative as real, this work investigates which impact this transformation has in Orlando’s life. Examining the sex change and also the gender shifts the protagonist undergoes through ideas presented by Judith Butler in Gender Trouble (1990) and by Sandra Bem in the essays “Sex Typing and Androgyny: Further Explorations of the Expressive Domain” and “Sex Role Adaptability: The Consequence of Psychological Androgyny”, this research has identified that Orlando does not restrain theirself to only one gender, but waves through different genders. Thus, adapting themself to what is required in each situation.O seguinte artigo discute como as mudanças de gênero são representadas na obra Orlando: uma biografia (1928), de Virginia Woolf. Orlando é apresentado, desde o início da obra, como um ser criativo e singular, que possui grande aptidão para a escrita. Também é descrito como sendo uma pessoa capaz de ajustar seu comportamento a fim de se adaptar ao que é esperado dele em diferentes situações. Além disso, Orlando passa por uma mudança de sexo no meio da história. Aceitando esse acontecimento fantástico sem maiores questionamentos, a presente pesquisa investiga o impacto dessa transformação na vida de Orlando. Examinando a mudança de sexo e também as mudanças de gênero através das ideias apresentadas por Judith Butler em Gender Trouble (1990) e Sandra Bem nos ensaios “Sex Typing and Androgyny: Further Explorations of the Expressive Domain” e “Sex Role Adaptability: The Consequence of Psychological Androgyny”, esta pesquisa identificou que Orlando não se restringe a apenas um único gênero, mas oscila entre diferentes gêneros. Deste modo, adaptase de acordo com a situação no qual se encontra

Sex differences and correlates of poor glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in Brazil and Venezuela.

OBJECTIVE: Examine whether glycaemic control varies according to sex and whether the latter plays a role in modifying factors associated with inadequate glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Brazil and Venezuela. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a cross-sectional, nationwide survey conducted in Brazil and Venezuela from February 2006 to June 2007 to obtain information about glycaemic control and its determinants in patients with diabetes mellitus attending outpatient clinics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was measured by liquid chromatography, and patients with HbA1c ≥7.0% (53 mmol/mol) were considered to have inadequate glycaemic control. The association of selected variables with glycaemic control was analysed by multivariate linear regression, using HbA1c as the dependent variable. RESULTS: A total of 9418 patients with T2D were enrolled in Brazil (n=5692) and in Venezuela (n=3726). They included 6214 (66%) women and 3204 (34%) men. On average, HbA1c levels in women were 0.13 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.24; p=0.015) higher than in men, after adjusting for age, marital status, education, race, country, body mass index, duration of disease, complications, type of healthcare, adherence to diet, adherence to treatment and previous measurement of HbA1c. Sex modified the effect of some factors associated with glycaemic control in patients with T2D in our study, but had no noteworthy effect in others. CONCLUSIONS: Women with T2D had worse glycaemic control than men. Possible causes for poorer glycaemic control in women compared with men include differences in glucose homeostasis, treatment response and psychological factors. In addition, sex modified factors associated with glycaemic control, suggesting the need to develop specific treatment guidelines for men and women

Sound symbolism, speech expressivity and crossmodality

The direct links existing between sound and meaning which characterize sound symbolism can be thought of as mainly related to two kinds of phenomena: sound iconicity and sound metaphors. The first refers to the mirror relations established between sound and meaning effects (Nobile, 2011) and the latter as coined by Fonagy (1983) refers to the relationships based on analogies between meaning and speech sound production characteristics. Four relevant codes to the study of sound symbolism phenomena have been mentioned in the phonetic literature: the frequency code (Ohala, 1994), the respiratory code, the effort code (Gussenhoven, 2002) and the sirenic code (Gussenhoven, 2016). In the present work sound symbolism is taken to be the basis of speech expressivity because the meaning effects attributed to the spoken mode by the listeners are thought to be based on the acoustic features of sounds deriving from the various articulatory maneuvers yielding breath, voice, noise, resonance and silence. Based on the impression caused by the acoustic features, listeners attribute physiological, physical, psychological and social characteristics to speakers. In this way, speech can be considered both expressive and impressive, because it is used to convey meaning effects but it also impress listeners. Both segmental and prosodic elements are used to express meaning effects in speech. Among the prosodic elements vocal quality settings have received less attention regarding speech expressive uses. We argue that the investigation of the expressive uses of voice quality settings can be better approached if these settings are grouped according to their shared acoustic output properties and vocal tract configurations. Results of experiments relating symbolic uses of vocal qualities to semantic, acoustic and visual features by means of multidimensional analysis are reported and the expressive and impressive roles of vocal quality settings in spoken communication are discussed in relation to motivated links between sound forms and meaning effects. KEY WORDS: sound and meaning;  sound symbolism; speech expressivity; voice quality; acoustic analysis; perceptual analysis