Dynamics of the Mrsa Population in a Chilean Hospital: a Phylogenomic analysis (2000-2016)

The global dissemination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is associated with the emergence and establishment of clones in specific geographic areas. The Chilean-Cordobes clone (ChC) (ST5-SCCmecI) has been the predominant MRSA clone in Chile since its first description in 1998, despite the report of other emerging MRSA clones in recent years. Here, we characterize the evolutionary history of MRSA from 2000 to 2016 in a Chilean tertiary health care center using phylogenomic analyses. We sequenced 469 MRSA isolates collected between 2000 and 2016. We evaluated the temporal trends of the circulating clones and performed a phylogenomic reconstruction to characterize the clonal dynamics. We found a significant increase in the diversity and richness of sequence types (STs; Spearman r = 0.8748, P \u3c 0.0001) with a Shannon diversity index increasing from 0.221 in the year 2000 to 1.33 in 2016, and an effective diversity (Hill number; q = 2) increasing from 1.12 to 2.71. The temporal trend analysis revealed that in the period 2000 to 2003 most of the isolates (94.2%; n = 98) belonged to the ChC clone. However, since then, the frequency of the ChC clone has decreased over time, accounting for 52% of the collection in the 2013 to 2016 period. This decline was accompanied by the rise of two emerging MRSA lineages, ST105-SCCmecII and ST72-SCCmecVI. In conclusion, the ChC clone remains the most frequent MRSA lineage, but this lineage is gradually being replaced by several emerging clones, the most important of which is clone ST105-SCCmecII. to the best of our knowledge, this is the largest study of MRSA clonal dynamics performed in South America. IMPORTANCE Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major public health pathogen that disseminates through the emergence of successful dominant clones in specific geographic regions. Knowledge of the dissemination and molecular epidemiology of MRSA in Latin America is scarce and is largely based on small studies or more limited typing techniques that lack the resolution to represent an accurate description of the genomic landscape. We used whole-genome sequencing to study 469 MRSA isolates collected between 2000 and 2016 in Chile providing the largest and most detailed study of clonal dynamics of MRSA in South America to date. We found a significant increase in the diversity of MRSA clones circulating over the 17-year study period. Additionally, we describe the emergence of two novel clones (ST105-SCCmecII and ST72-SCCmecVI), which have been gradually increasing in frequency over time. Our results drastically improve our understanding of the dissemination and update our knowledge about MRSA in Latin America

Dominance of particulate organic carbon in top mineral soils in cold regions

18 páginas.- 4 figuras.- 63 referencias.- Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01354-5The largest stocks of soil organic carbon can be found in cold regions such as Arctic, subarctic and alpine biomes, which are warming faster than the global average. Discriminating between particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon can constrain the uncertainty of projected changes in global soil organic carbon stocks. Yet carbon fractions are not considered when assessing the contribution of cold regions to land carbon–climate feedbacks. Here we synthesize field paired observations of particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon in the mineral layer, along with experimental warming data, to investigate whether the particulate fraction dominates in cold regions and whether this relates to higher soil organic carbon losses with warming than in other (milder) biomes. We show that soil organic carbon in the first 30 cm of mineral soil is dominated or co-dominated by particulate carbon in both permafrost and non-permafrost soils, and in Arctic and alpine ecosystems but not in subarctic environments. Our findings indicate that soil organic carbon is most vulnerable to warming in cold regions compared with milder biomes, with this vulnerability mediated by higher warming-induced losses of particulate carbon. The massive soil carbon accumulation in cold regions appears distributed predominantly in the more vulnerable particulate fraction rather than in the more persistent mineral-associated fraction, supporting the likelihood of a strong, positive land carbon–climate feedback.We thank all authors who gathered and published the raw data in the original studies that enabled this literature synthesis. P.G.-P. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation via the I+D+i project PID2020-113021RA-I00 and the TED project TED2021-130908A-C42 (funded by European Union—NextGenerationEU). Work at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory by N.W.S. was performed under the auspices of the US DOE OBER, under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 award #SCW1632. M.P. acknowledges financial support by the Comunidad de Madrid and the Spanish National Council of Scientific Researches research grant Atracción de Talento (grant number 2019T1/AMB14503).Peer reviewe

Management control systems in innovation companies: A literature based framework

Past research has traditionally argued that management control systems (MCSs) may present a hindrance to the creativity of innovation companies. This theoretical paper surveys the literature to focus an investigation on the MCSs of innovation companies. Within the object of control paradigm the paper develops and presents a theoretical model of the impact of eleven external, organisational and innovation related contingency factors on the MCSs in companies that engage in innovation activities. We also suggest measures for further empirical research. By formulating hypotheses on 43 potential interactions the model predicts contradictory influences on two direct control categories, results and action control, but stresses the importance of two indirect categories, personnel and cultural control. More specifically, the high levels of technological complexity and innovation capability in this type of company are expected to be negatively associated with the application of results and action control, whereas personnel and cultural seem to be more appropriate. Furthermore, important sources of finance, venture capital and public funding, are both hypothesised to be positively associated with the application of results, action and personnel control; whereas only public funding is predicted to be positively related to the application of cultural control. The principal contribution of this paper lies in synthesising the literature to provide a model of the impact of a unique set of eleven contingency factors for innovation companies on a broad scope of controls. In addition, the contingency model, if empirically validated, would add value by inferring the particular forms of management control which would be beneficial in innovative company settings. © 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

Correction to: Clinical recommendations for cardiovascular magnetic resonance mapping of T1, T2, T2* and extracellular volume: A consensus statement by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) endorsed by the European Association for Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI).

CORRECTION TO: J CARDIOVASC MAGN RESON (2017) 19: 75. DOI: 10.1186/S12968-017-0389-8: In the original publication of this article [1] the "Competing interests" section was incorrect. The original publication stated the following competing interests

Desarrollo de celdas solares basadas en películas delgadas fase2

IP 1101-05-277-97Arbey, Rodriguez, Gerardo Gordillo. -- no. 183 (1998); p.-352360. -- Evolution of the phases and chemical;composition during the formation of CIS thin films prepared byinterdiffusion process in selenides layers / P.;Teheran, Gilberto Cediel, Luz M. Caicedo, Hilderbrando Leal, Jairo Arbey Rodriguez, Gerardo Gordillo. -- En:;Crystal Growth. -- no. 183 (1998); p. 352-360. -- Structural andelectrical properties of DC sputtered;molybdenum films / Gerardo Gordillo, M. Grizalez, L.C. Hernandez. -- En: Solar energy materials and solar;cells. -- no. 51 (abr.-agos. 1998); p. 327-337. -- Estudiodepropiedadescristalograficas de peliculas;delgadas de ZnxCd1 xS y CdSeyS1-y / Giberto Cediel, J. torresLuz m. Caicedo, Hilderbrando Leal, Gerardo;Gordillo. -- En: Revista mexicana de fisica. -- Vol. 3, no. 43(ene.-agos.1998); p. 97-100. -- Estudio de;mecanismos de transporte electrico en peliculas delgadas de SnO2/ H. Mendez, Gerardo Gordillo. -- En: Revista;performance of TCO/CdS/CdTe solar cells / Gerardo gordillo, M.Grizalez, Luis Carlos Moreno, F. Landazabal. --;En: Phys.stat solar. -- (2000); p. 215. -- caracterizacionoptica de peliculas delgadas de CdSxTe1-x;mexicana de fisica. -- Vol. 4, no. 44 (ene.- jun. 1998); p. 17-9181. -- Influence of the optical window on the;depositadas por evaporacion / A. Dussan, J.C. Giraldo y gerardoGordillo.'-- en: Revista colombiana de fisica.; Vol. 32, no. 1 (2000). -- Descripcion del metodo de deposicion de peliculas delgadas de CdSxTe1-x. -- En:;Revista colombiana de fisica. -- Vol. 32, no. 1 (2000). --Resultados y Discusion. -- En: Revista colombiana;de fisica. -- Vol. 32, no. 1 (2000). -- Influence of the oxygenpartial pressure on the opto electrical;properties of ZnO thin films deposited by reactive evaporation/Gerardo Gordillo, J. Olarte, C. Calderon. --;En: Phys. Stat. Solar. -- (2000); p. 293. -- pH effect onthedeposition of CdS on ZnO and SnO: F substrates;by CBD method / Luis Carlos Moreno, J.W. Sandino, N. Hernandez,Gerardo Gordillo. -- En: Phys. Stat. Solar. --;(2000); p. 289. -- PONENCIA(S) EN CONGRESO: Preparation and optpelectroniccharacterization of ZnO thin films;deposited by reactive evaporation / Gerardo Gordillo, C. Calderon, J. Olarte, J Sandino, H. Mendez. -- En:;World conference and exhibition on photovoltaic solar energy conversion. (2 : 1998 Jul. 6-10 : Vienna,;Austria). -- Bogotá : Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 1998.--p. 1-3 ;28 cm.;ARTICULO(S) EN REVISTA: Characterization of CdSxTe1-x thinfilmsthrough thermoelectric power measurements /;C. Jacome, M. Florez, Y. G. Gurevich, J.Giraldo, G Gordillo. --En: Institute of physics publishing. -- no.;34 (2001); p. 1-6. -- Properties of ZnO thin films prepared byreactive evaporation / Gerardo Gordillo, C.;Calderon. -- En: Solmat. -- (2001). -- Characterization ofSnO2thin filmsthrough thermoelectric power;measurements / Gerardo Gordillo, B. Paez, C. Jacome, J.M.Florez. -- no. 342 (1999); p. 160-166.-- Evolution;of the phases and chemical composition during the formation ofCIS thin films prepared by interdiffusion;process in selenides layers / P. Theheran, Gilberto Cediel, LuzM. Caicedo, L. Cota, Hilderbrando Leal, Jair