Using the PhotoStory method to understand the cultural context of youth victimisation in the Punjab

Bullying is an international issue that is only just beginning to be researched in India and anecdotal evidence in Punjab, India, has suggested that most schools in the Punjab are in denial about bullying on campus. Our aim was to investigate the nature of bullying in this region using the PhotoStory Method. We sought to discover how young people in India perceived and experienced incidents of bullying. Three Punjabi schools were issued with ipads that students could use to email the researchers their illustrated stories about bullying. Using the Pic Collage App, 33 students aged 12-15 sent PhotoStories about experiences of victimization. Many stories described incidents of physical harassment, name calling and ‘Eve teasing’, which left students feeling sad, embarrassed, depressed and helpless. However, only four PhotoStories described incidents that met the definition of bullying i.e. that involved repetitive, hurtful behaviour perpetrated by a person or persons that could be considered more ‘powerful’ than the victim. Nonetheless, the stories, while not lengthy and overly descriptive, did indicate that physical acts of aggression between peers were common in and outside school. The findings are discussed in relation to definitional issues and the need to implement anti-violence programs in Indian schools.peer-reviewe

Adolescent Problem Behaviour in Relation to Emotional Autonomy and Parent- Child Relationship

The present study was designed to study adolescentproblem behavior (internalizing and externalizingproblems ) in relat ion to emot ional autonomy(deidealization of parents, non-dependency on parents,individuation, perceiving parents as people) ,and parentchildrelationship (mothers’ care, fathers’ care, mothers’overprotection, fathers’ overprotection). For this purpose200 adolescent boys (age range 13-15 years, fromPatiala, India) were administered Youth Self Report(Achenbach, 1991), Emotional Autonomy Scale (Steinberg& Silverberg, 1986), and Parental Bonding Inventory(Parker, Tupling, & Brown, 1979). Pearsons’ ProductMoment Correlation analyses reveals that deidealizationof parents and nondependency on parents, and mothers’overprotection are positively correlated with adolescentproblem behavior. Mothers’ care is inversely correlatedwith adolescent problem behaviour. Stepwise MultipleRegression Analyses reveals that positive contributorsto adolescent problem behavior are individuation,deidealization of parents, and fathers’ care. While thosecontributing inversely to adolescent problem behavior aremothers’ care and fathers’ overprotection, and perceivingparents as people dimension of emotional autonomy. Theresults have been discussed in the light of cultural context.Key words: adolescence; problem behavior; emotionalautonomy; parent-child relationshipRésumé La présente étude a été conçue pour étudier lecomportement des adolescents problème (troublesinternalisés et externalisés) par rapport à l’autonomieaffective (deidealization des parents, non-dépendanceà l’égard des parents, l’individuation, les parentspercevoir comme des personnes), et la relation parentenfant(soins des mères, des soins, les mères des pèressurprotection, la surprotection des pères). Pour ce but 200adolescents (tranche d’âge 13-15 ans, de Patiala, Inde)ont été administrés rapport d’auto jeunesse (Achenbach,1991), échelle de l’autonomie émotionnelle (Steinberg& Silverberg , Inventaire Collage 1986), et des parents(Parker, Tupling, & Brown, 1979). Pearsons ‘analysesde corrélation produit Moment révèle que deidealizationdes parents et des nondependency sur les parents et lesmères des surprotection sont positivement corrélés avecles problèmes de comportement chez les adolescents.soins des mères est inversement corrélée aux problèmesde comportement chez les adolescents. pas à pas multiplesanalyses de régression révèle que les contributeurs positifsà problèmes de comportement chez les adolescents sontl’individuation, deidealization des parents, et des pères desoins. Alors que ceux qui contribuent aux problèmes decomportement inverse chez les adolescents sont des mèresde soins et de la surprotection des pères, et les parentspercevant comme dimension humaine de l’autonomieaffective. les résultats ont été discutés à la lumière ducontexte culturel.Mots clés: Adolescence; Les problèmes de comportement;L'autonomie affective; Relation parent-enfan

Digital Uses, Risk-Taking and Online Negative Experiences Among Secondary School Students in France and India: A ComparativeStudy.

International audienceThe present paper presents a comparative study of digital uses, risk-taking and online negative experiences among students aged 13 to 18 in France and India. It is part of a wider project led by Professor Peter K. Smith on the safety and well-being of students, including bullying and cyberbullying (Indian-European Research Networking Programme in the Social Sciences, with the Indian Council of Social Science Research)5

Abociations between Dutch and Indian adolescents' bullying role behavior and peer-group status: Cross-culturally testing an evolutionary hypothesis.

Contemporary research adopts an evolutionary theoretical perspective in which bullying is strategic behavior that is conducive to peer-group status enhancement. Within this view, a high social status (i.e., popularity) has been abociated with bullying others, while a high affiliative status (i.e., preference) has been abociated with defending others. This study investigated whether the abociations between adolescents' bullying role behavior (i.e., bully, follower, defender, outsider, and victim) and their peer-group status (i.e., popularity and preference) are crob-culturally similar. A multigroup path modeling analysis on a sample of Dutch (n = 219; 53.4% boys; Mage = 13.8 years, SD = 9 months) and Indian (n = 480; 60.8% boys; Mage = 13.8 years, SD = 12 months) adolescents suggested that these abociations were indeed largely crob-culturally similar and consistent with previous findings, with one exception. While defending was abociated with a relatively average popularity status position for Dutch adolescents, it was abociated with a high popularity status position for Indian adolescents. In general, the findings are supportive of the evolutionary theoretical perspective, but the differential abociation between defending and popularity for Dutch and Indian adolescents seems to also require a cultural perspective

Self-reported harm of adolescent peer aggression in three world regions

While the poor psychosocial outcomes of young people who have experienced bullying are well known, the harm associated with experiences that do not meet the bullying criteria is not well understood. The aim of this study was to examine the level of harm associated with experiences of peer aggression, as well as bullying, by directly measuring the four elements of intent, perceived harm, repetition and power imbalance that comprise the bullying criteria. The purpose of the study was to establish whether bullying was the most harmful form of peer aggression and whether other types of peer aggression that did not comprise all elements of bullying were comparably harmful. Over 6000 students (aged 11\u201316) from 10 countries completed a student victimization and aggression questionnaire. Data showed that approximately 50% of participants were not intentionally harmed through peer aggression, although this varied across countries, ranging from 10% in India to 87.5% in Taiwan. In all countries, analyses identified a group that had experienced repeated peer aggression, but with no power imbalance, comparable in size to the bullied group, suggesting that bullying is just \u201cthe tip of the iceberg\u201d. Victims of bullying self-reported the greatest experiences of harm, although victims of repeated aggression reported comparable harm. The findings show that peer aggression experiences that do not meet the bullying criteria are also rated as harmful by victims. More research is needed to fully understand negative peer interactions that include behaviors outside the scope of the bullying definition, particularly with regard to repeated peer aggression. This study suggests that researchers should consider the level of harm experienced by individuals and avoid terminology such as bullying, while policy makers should place a strong and explicit focus on encompassing a broader realm of harmful peer aggression

Self-reported harm of adolescent peer aggression in three world regions

While the poor psychosocial outcomes of young people who have experienced bullying are well known, the harm associated with experiences that do not meet the bullying criteria is not well understood. The aim of this study was to examine the level of harm associated with experiences of peer aggression, as well as bullying, by directly measuring the four elements of intent, perceived harm, repetition and power imbalance that comprise the bullying criteria. The purpose of the study was to establish whether bullying was the most harmful form of peer aggression and whether other types of peer aggression that did not comprise all elements of bullying were comparably harmful. Over 6000 students (aged 11–16) from 10 countries completed a student victimization and aggression questionnaire. Data showed that pproximately 50% of participants were not intentionally harmed through peer aggression, although this varied across countries, ranging from 10% in India to 87.5% in Taiwan. In all countries, analyses identified a group that had experienced repeated peer aggression, but with no power imbalance, comparable in size to the bullied group, suggesting that bullying is just “the tip of the iceberg”. Victims of bullying selfreported the greatest experiences of harm, although victims of repeated aggression reported comparable harm. The findings show that peer aggression experiences that do not meet the bullying criteria are also rated as harmful by victims. More research is needed to fully understand negative peer interactions that include behaviors outside the scope of the bullying definition, particularly with regard to repeated peer aggression. This study suggests that researchers should consider the level of harm experienced by individuals and avoid terminology such as bullying, while policy makers should place a strong and explicit focus on encompassing a broader realm of harmful peer aggression

Harmful peer aggression in four world regions : relationship between aggressed and aggressor

Research is sparse on who targets whom in peer aggression. In this study, we investigated the harm associated with the type of relationship between aggressed and aggressor with an international sample of over 5,000 students aged 11-16, living in 12 nations. Best friends and individuals with whom the respondent had no relationship were the least likely to engage in aggression, while one-third of peer aggression could be attributed to friends (not best friends), and classmates/peers. Greater harm was experienced between best friends only when it involved relational aggression, such as spreading rumors and being left out. Harm from aggression varied by world location and number of different experiences of aggression, while gender and age differences were inconsistent. Intervention programs could take advantage of the vital role that friends play as socializing agents during adolescence that focus on the harmfulness of aggression undertaken in the guise of a joke