26,367 research outputs found
Fine structure of distributions and central limit theorem in diffusive billiards
We investigate deterministic diffusion in periodic billiard models, in terms
of the convergence of rescaled distributions to the limiting normal
distribution required by the central limit theorem; this is stronger than the
usual requirement that the mean square displacement grow asymptotically
linearly in time. The main model studied is a chaotic Lorentz gas where the
central limit theorem has been rigorously proved. We study one-dimensional
position and displacement densities describing the time evolution of
statistical ensembles in a channel geometry, using a more refined method than
histograms. We find a pronounced oscillatory fine structure, and show that this
has its origin in the geometry of the billiard domain. This fine structure
prevents the rescaled densities from converging pointwise to gaussian
densities; however, demodulating them by the fine structure gives new densities
which seem to converge uniformly. We give an analytical estimate of the rate of
convergence of the original distributions to the limiting normal distribution,
based on the analysis of the fine structure, which agrees well with simulation
results. We show that using a Maxwellian (gaussian) distribution of velocities
in place of unit speed velocities does not affect the growth of the mean square
displacement, but changes the limiting shape of the distributions to a
non-gaussian one. Using the same methods, we give numerical evidence that a
non-chaotic polygonal channel model also obeys the central limit theorem, but
with a slower convergence rate.Comment: 16 pages, 19 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review E.
Some higher quality figures at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/~dsander
Gravitational polarization and the phenomenology of MOND
The modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) has been proposed as an alternative to
the dark matter paradigm; the philosophy behind is that there is no dark matter
and we witness a violation of the Newtonian law of dynamics. In this article,
we interpret differently the phenomenology sustaining MOND, as resulting from
an effect of "gravitational polarization", of some cosmic fluid made of dipole
moments, aligned in the gravitational field, and representing a new form of
dark matter. We invoke an internal force, of non-gravitational origin, in order
to hold together the microscopic constituents of the dipole. The dipolar
particles are weakly influenced by the distribution of ordinary matter; they
are accelerated not by the gravitational field, but by its gradient, or tidal
gravitational field.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Classical and Quantum Gravit
Ordered Measurements of Permutationally-Symmetric Qubit Strings
We show that any sequence of measurements on a permutationally-symmetric
(pure or mixed) multi-qubit string leaves the unmeasured qubit substring also
permutationally-symmetric. In addition, we show that the measurement
probabilities for an arbitrary sequence of single-qubit measurements are
independent of how many unmeasured qubits have been lost prior to the
measurement. Our results are valuable for quantum information processing of
indistinguishable particles by post-selection, e.g. in cases where the results
of an experiment are discarded conditioned upon the occurrence of a given event
such as particle loss. Furthermore, our results are important for the design of
adaptive-measurement strategies, e.g. a series of measurements where for each
measurement instance, the measurement basis is chosen depending on prior
measurement results.Comment: 13 page
Multiphoton Coincidence Spectroscopy
We extend the analysis of photon coincidence spectroscopy beyond bichromatic
excitation and two-photon coincidence detection to include multichromatic
excitation and multiphoton coincidence detection. Trichromatic excitation and
three-photon coincidence spectroscopy are studied in detail, and we identify an
observable signature of a triple resonance in an atom-cavity system.Comment: 6 page, REVTeXs, 6 Postscript figures. The abstract appeared in the
Proceedings of ACOLS9
The Organic Research Centre - Elm Farm:Bulletin 87
Bulletin 87 with coverage of Avian Influenza H5N1 in Suffolk,commentary on Biofuels, a paper on the organic "transition to sustainable resilience",paper on participatory approach to agronomy trials,update on evolutionary breeding of wheat project,article on formation of new growers alliance in UK
Study of an auroral zone rocket experiment Final report
Measurement of flux and energy spectra of protons, energetic particles, hydrogen atoms, and electrons in auroral zone by Nike-Tomahawk sounding rocke
Cross-Hedging Fishmeal: Exploring Corn and Soybean Meal Futures Contracts
During 2006 the fishmeal price nearly doubled from 900MT. The objective of this research is to determine the optimal cross-hedge ratio between fishmeal and soybean meal and corn, and corresponding hedging weight between corn and soybean. Results indicate all hedging weight should be placed on the corn futures contract. This is an interesting result since prior fishmeal cross-hedging research has not analyzed the corn futures contract as a risk management mechanism.Crop Production/Industries, Risk and Uncertainty,
A Bulk-Parallel Priority Queue in External Memory with STXXL
We propose the design and an implementation of a bulk-parallel external
memory priority queue to take advantage of both shared-memory parallelism and
high external memory transfer speeds to parallel disks. To achieve higher
performance by decoupling item insertions and extractions, we offer two
parallelization interfaces: one using "bulk" sequences, the other by defining
"limit" items. In the design, we discuss how to parallelize insertions using
multiple heaps, and how to calculate a dynamic prediction sequence to prefetch
blocks and apply parallel multiway merge for extraction. Our experimental
results show that in the selected benchmarks the priority queue reaches 75% of
the full parallel I/O bandwidth of rotational disks and and 65% of SSDs, or the
speed of sorting in external memory when bounded by computation.Comment: extended version of SEA'15 conference pape
Engineering adiabaticity at an avoided crossing with optimal control
We investigate ways to optimize adiabaticity and diabaticity in the
Landau-Zener model with non-uniform sweeps. We show how diabaticity can be
engineered with a pulse consisting of a linear sweep augmented by an
oscillating term. We show that the oscillation leads to jumps in populations
whose value can be accurately modeled using a model of multiple,
photon-assisted Landau-Zener transitions, which generalizes work by Wubs et al.
[New J. Phys. 7, 218 (2005)]. We extend the study on diabaticity using methods
derived from optimal control. We also show how to preserve adiabaticity with
optimal pulses at limited time, finding a non-uniform quantum speed limit
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