43 research outputs found

    Enough Fish in the Sea? Fish Farming Debate and Affective Practices

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    Fish farming is a hot topic in the local press of the Jakobstad region on the west coast of Finland. In 2017, a local fisher established an open sea fish farming company to produce locally farmed fish with the aim of meeting the increasing demand for domestically produced fish. Open sea fish farming is debated due to its environmental impact. The establishment of the fish farm has been challenged and defended in several readers’ letters from local politicians and officials, local activists, researchers, and the company’s founder himself. The debate letters are filled with data on the environmental impact from nutrient emissions, and other measurable factors. However, the debate is not just about feed pellets, fish faeces, and the organic enrichment of bottom sediments—it is about the emotional relationship to the sea in a region forged by the Gulf of Bothnia. With affect theory as a starting point, I aim to analyse how notions of sustainability and sustainable foodways are expressed in a local newspaper debate about fish farming. How do the two sides of the debate present their views of sustainability

    FrÄn Sapfo till Cyborg

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    Recension av: FrÄn Sapfo till Cyborg. ldéer om kön och sexualitet i historien, 2006. Red. Lena Lennerhed. Gidlunds förlag, Hedemora. 240 s

    Affekt i nÀthat: avhumanisering, heteronormativitet och historieproduktion: LECTIO PRAECURSORIA

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    Titeln pĂ„ min avhandling Ă€r Parasiter och ”bĂ€ttre folk”: Affekt i nĂ€that mot det svenska i Finland. Parasiter och ”bĂ€ttre folk” syftar direkt pĂ„ det som skrivs om svensksprĂ„kiga finlĂ€ndare i det material jag analyserar. NĂ€that Ă€r ett allmĂ€nt begrepp och brukar ofta anvĂ€ndas synonymt med hatretorik, hatprat, hatpropaganda, hatskriverier med mera. Jag har medvetet valt att anvĂ€nda just nĂ€that för det material jag analyserar i avhandlingen. Begreppet hör hemma i det fĂ€lt jag undersöker. Inom folkloristiken Ă€r det brukligt att man genom att anvĂ€nda sig av begrepp ”inifrĂ„n” strĂ€var efter att behĂ„lla nĂ€rheten till forskningsmaterialet. KĂ€nnedom om den kulturella kontexten Ă€r ocksĂ„ central för analysen av materialet. Affekt Ă€r det begrepp jag anvĂ€nder som teoretisk utgĂ„ngspunkt för att visa pĂ„ kĂ€nsloladdningen i nĂ€thatet. I avhandlingen introducerar jag en modell för att analysera affekt i text genom att fokusera pĂ„ fyra affektiva verktyg: emotionsord, emotiva uttryck, metaforer och ortografiska praktiker.  Emotiva uttryck Ă€r emotionellt laddade ord som t.ex. ”arrogant” eller ”underbar”. De Ă€r inte direkta kĂ€nsloord, men uttrycker affekt, och Ă€r motsatsen till ord av saklig eller neutral karaktĂ€r. Emotionsord Ă€r ord för kĂ€nslor, som exempelvis hat. Metaforer Ă€r bildliga uttrycksĂ€tt som anvĂ€nds för att övertyga mottagaren om en viss uppfattning och kan förmedla kĂ€nslor. Till exempel att kalla nĂ„gon för en parasit ger negativa konnotationer. Ortografiska praktiker som versaler, skiljetecken och stavningssĂ€tt anvĂ€nds för att förmedla och förstĂ€rka ett budskap. Verktygen Ă€r olika medel för att ge uttryck för affekt i textform. Genom att anvĂ€nda mig av de affektiva verktygen Ă„skĂ„dliggör jag hur affekt förmedlas i nĂ€thatet, och hur innehĂ„llet i texten kan förstĂ„s som hat, Ă€ven om det uttrycks pĂ„ ett sansat eller skĂ€mtsamt sĂ€tt.Titeln pĂ„ min avhandling Ă€r Parasiter och ”bĂ€ttre folk”: Affekt i nĂ€that mot det svenska i Finland. Parasiter och ”bĂ€ttre folk” syftar direkt pĂ„ det som skrivs om svensksprĂ„kiga finlĂ€ndare i det material jag analyserar. NĂ€that Ă€r ett allmĂ€nt begrepp och brukar ofta anvĂ€ndas synonymt med hatretorik, hatprat, hatpropaganda, hatskriverier med mera. Jag har medvetet valt att anvĂ€nda just nĂ€that för det material jag analyserar i avhandlingen. Begreppet hör hemma i det fĂ€lt jag undersöker. Inom folkloristiken Ă€r det brukligt att man genom att anvĂ€nda sig av begrepp ”inifrĂ„n” strĂ€var efter att behĂ„lla nĂ€rheten till forskningsmaterialet. KĂ€nnedom om den kulturella kontexten Ă€r ocksĂ„ central för analysen av materialet. Affekt Ă€r det begrepp jag anvĂ€nder som teoretisk utgĂ„ngspunkt för att visa pĂ„ kĂ€nsloladdningen i nĂ€thatet. I avhandlingen introducerar jag en modell för att analysera affekt i text genom att fokusera pĂ„ fyra affektiva verktyg: emotionsord, emotiva uttryck, metaforer och ortografiska praktiker.  Emotiva uttryck Ă€r emotionellt laddade ord som t.ex. ”arrogant” eller ”underbar”. De Ă€r inte direkta kĂ€nsloord, men uttrycker affekt, och Ă€r motsatsen till ord av saklig eller neutral karaktĂ€r. Emotionsord Ă€r ord för kĂ€nslor, som exempelvis hat. Metaforer Ă€r bildliga uttrycksĂ€tt som anvĂ€nds för att övertyga mottagaren om en viss uppfattning och kan förmedla kĂ€nslor. Till exempel att kalla nĂ„gon för en parasit ger negativa konnotationer. Ortografiska praktiker som versaler, skiljetecken och stavningssĂ€tt anvĂ€nds för att förmedla och förstĂ€rka ett budskap. Verktygen Ă€r olika medel för att ge uttryck för affekt i textform. Genom att anvĂ€nda mig av de affektiva verktygen Ă„skĂ„dliggör jag hur affekt förmedlas i nĂ€thatet, och hur innehĂ„llet i texten kan förstĂ„s som hat, Ă€ven om det uttrycks pĂ„ ett sansat eller skĂ€mtsamt sĂ€tt.Titeln pĂ„ min avhandling Ă€r Parasiter och ”bĂ€ttre folk”: Affekt i nĂ€that mot det svenska i Finland. Parasiter och ”bĂ€ttre folk” syftar direkt pĂ„ det som skrivs om svensksprĂ„kiga finlĂ€ndare i det material jag analyserar. NĂ€that Ă€r ett allmĂ€nt begrepp och brukar ofta anvĂ€ndas synonymt med hatretorik, hatprat, hatpropaganda, hatskriverier med mera. Jag har medvetet valt att anvĂ€nda just nĂ€that för det material jag analyserar i avhandlingen. Begreppet hör hemma i det fĂ€lt jag undersöker. Inom folkloristiken Ă€r det brukligt att man genom att anvĂ€nda sig av begrepp ”inifrĂ„n” strĂ€var efter att behĂ„lla nĂ€rheten till forskningsmaterialet. KĂ€nnedom om den kulturella kontexten Ă€r ocksĂ„ central för analysen av materialet. Affekt Ă€r det begrepp jag anvĂ€nder som teoretisk utgĂ„ngspunkt för att visa pĂ„ kĂ€nsloladdningen i nĂ€thatet. I avhandlingen introducerar jag en modell för att analysera affekt i text genom att fokusera pĂ„ fyra affektiva verktyg: emotionsord, emotiva uttryck, metaforer och ortografiska praktiker.  Emotiva uttryck Ă€r emotionellt laddade ord som t.ex. ”arrogant” eller ”underbar”. De Ă€r inte direkta kĂ€nsloord, men uttrycker affekt, och Ă€r motsatsen till ord av saklig eller neutral karaktĂ€r. Emotionsord Ă€r ord för kĂ€nslor, som exempelvis hat. Metaforer Ă€r bildliga uttrycksĂ€tt som anvĂ€nds för att övertyga mottagaren om en viss uppfattning och kan förmedla kĂ€nslor. Till exempel att kalla nĂ„gon för en parasit ger negativa konnotationer. Ortografiska praktiker som versaler, skiljetecken och stavningssĂ€tt anvĂ€nds för att förmedla och förstĂ€rka ett budskap. Verktygen Ă€r olika medel för att ge uttryck för affekt i textform. Genom att anvĂ€nda mig av de affektiva verktygen Ă„skĂ„dliggör jag hur affekt förmedlas i nĂ€thatet, och hur innehĂ„llet i texten kan förstĂ„s som hat, Ă€ven om det uttrycks pĂ„ ett sansat eller skĂ€mtsamt sĂ€tt

    Döden online: Om minnesplatser och sörjande pÄ nÀtet

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    Recension av: Anna Haverinen 2014: Memoria virtualis: death and mourning rituals in online environments. Turun yliopisto, Turku. (Annales Universitatis Turkuensis B 386.

    En öppen garderob: Flickskapande och Àtstörningar i bloggar

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    Recension av: Ann-Charlotte Palmgren 2014. Göra Ă€tstörd: Om flickskap, normativitet och taktik i bloggar. Åbo Akademis förlag, Åbo

    Rurala stannare : En studie av stannandets dynamik i Österbotten, Finland

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    Att stanna pÄ landsbygden har ansetts vara nÄgonting passivt, i motsats till att flytta dÀrifrÄn, som setts som en aktiv och mer intressant handling att studera. Den hÀr boken belyser stannandet som en dynamisk och mycket medveten process och ger pÄ sÄ sÀtt ett nytt perspektiv pÄ landsbygdens utveckling. Att stanna pÄ landsbygden Àr en aktiv handling genomförd av mÀnniskor som ofta har alternativ, dÀr vissa faktorer avgör till stannandets fördel. Boken omfattar fem fallstudier i österbottniska byar med mÄlsÀttningen att dra mer generella slutsatser om stannade pÄ landsbygden. Studien tar avstamp i en historisk exposé av byarna för att senare analysera de faktorer som varit avgörande för stannande under de senaste Ärtiondena. De hÀr faktorerna kan ha att göra med platsens kvaliteter, som en vacker natur, tillgÄng till service och arbetstillfÀllen, eller en stark gemenskap och sociala sammanhang. Ytterligare en viktig dimension Àr att mÀnniskors hembygdskÀnsla föder en strÀvan att göra det möjligt att stanna, nÄgot som vi ser ett flertal exempel pÄ i bokens fallstudier.InnehÄllsförteckning Forord Sammanfattning 1. Inledning 2. Den rurala stannaren 2.1 Varfor stannar manniskor pa landsbygden? 2.2 Kollektiv kapabilitet 2.3 Indikatorer pa stannande och modeller for att starka den kollektiva kapabiliteten 2.4 Invandrare som stannare 3. Material och metodik 4. Presentation av byarna 4.1 Jeppo 4.2 Maxmo 4.3 Molpe 4.4 Munsala 4.5 Terjarv 4.6 Sammanfattning: byarnas karaktar 5. Analys av stannande 5.1 Jeppo 5.2 Maxmo 5.3 Molpe 5.4 Munsala 5.5 Terjarv 5.6 Invandrare i de osterbottniska byarna 5.7 Sammanfattning och slutsatser 6. Slutsatser och utvecklingsforslag 6.1 Bygdeting, en modell for lokal utveckling

    Therapist-guided internet-based psychodynamic therapy versus cognitive behavioural therapy for adolescent depression in Sweden: a randomised, clinical, non-inferiority trial

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    BACKGROUND: Adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent and associated with lifelong adversity. Evidence-based treatments exist, but accessible treatment alternatives are needed. We aimed to compare internet-based psychodynamic therapy (IPDT) with an established evidence-based treatment (internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy [ICBT]) for the treatment of adolescents with depression. METHODS: In this randomised, clinical trial, we tested whether IPDT was non-inferior to ICBT in the treatment of adolescent MDD. Eligible participants were 15-19 years old, presenting with a primary diagnosis of MDD according to DSM-5. Participants were recruited nationwide in Sweden through advertisements on social media, as well as contacts with junior and senior high schools, youth associations, social workers, and health-care providers. Adolescents who scored 9 or higher on the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology for Adolescents (QIDS-A17-SR) in an initial online screening were contacted by telephone for a diagnostic assessment using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Participants were randomly assigned to ICBT or IPDT. Both interventions comprised eight self-help modules delivered over 10 weeks on a secure online platform. The primary outcome was change in depression severity measured weekly by the QIDS-A17-SR. Primary analyses were based on an intention-to-treat sample including all participants randomly assigned. A non-inferiority margin of Cohen's d=0·30 was predefined. The study is registered at ISRCTN, ISRCTN12552584. FINDINGS: Between Aug 19, 2019, and Oct 7, 2020, 996 young people completed screening; 516 (52%) were contacted for a diagnostic interview. 272 participants were eligible and randomly assigned to ICBT (n=136) or IPDT (n=136). In the ICBT group, 51 (38%) of 136 participants were classified as remitted, and 54 (40%) of 136 participants were classified as remitted in the IPDT group. Within-group effects were large (ICBT: within-group d=1·75, 95% CI 1·49 to 2·01; IPDT: within-group d=1·93, 1·67 to 2·20; both p<0·0001). No statistically significant treatment difference was found in the intention-to-treat analysis. Non-inferiority for IPDT was shown for the estimated change in depression during treatment (d=-0·18, 90% CI -0·49 to 0·13; p=0·34). All secondary outcomes showed non-significant between-group differences. INTERPRETATION: IPDT was non-inferior to ICBT in terms of change in depression for the treatment of adolescents with MDD. This finding increases the range of accessible and effective treatment alternatives for adolescents with depression. FUNDING: Kavli trust

    Parasiter och "bÀttre folk" : Affekt i nÀthat mot det svenska i Finland

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    This thesis deals with what is generally referred to as online hate speech. More specifically, I focus on posts about the Swedish-speaking population in Finland published on the web forum Suomi24. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse how online hate speech directed at the Swedish-speaking population in Finland is expressed in this public forum. This is done through a content analysis of the published texts focusing on affect, performance, and performativity. With affect theory as a point of departure, I explore how online hate speech is performed in relation to the intersectional categories class, gender, language, and ethnicity. In doing this, I analyse the material using a self-developed affective tool model. The model includes four affective tools: emotional words, emotive expressions, metaphors, and orthographic practices. Inspired by a performance perspective, I discuss online hate speech as a folkloristic genre. I also analyse the performative effects of online hate speech by showing how the claims made about the Swedish-speaking population are reiterated and which norms and values are upheld as a result. The title Parasites and “better people”: Affect in online hate speech directed at the Swedish in Finland is based on quotes from the material analysed in the thesis. The word “parasites” is used directly about Swedish-speakers in Finland in a couple of posts, and the idea of Swedish-speakers viewing themselves as “better people” is floated throughout the material. Affect theory is the starting point for my understanding and analysis of the material. The term online hate speech lacks a general scientific definition. I have deliberately chosen to use this emic, non-scientific “inside” term to stay close to my research material, and close to my folkloristic roots. Online hate speech is commonly defined as hostile utterances directed at individuals and/or groups in the form of comments, e-mails, blog posts, and various discussions on the Internet. The affective tools are the outset for my content analysis. By content analysis, I refer to a qualitative analysis of the material content to grasp what is expressed through the published texts. The affective tools are four different means of expressing and mediating affect through text. Emotive expressions are expressive in character. They are not named emotions but convey affect. Emotional words are words for feelings like “hate” or “love”. Metaphors are figures of speech, and a manner of talking about an entity by experiencing and understanding it via something else. Orthographic practices such as capital letter, punctuation and (mis)spelling usage convey and strengthen a message. The affective tools are essential to my analysis of online hate speech as a genre, since it is through them that hate can be expressed and mediated to the reader of the text. My understanding of online hate speech as a folkloristic genre is grounded in a research context. As a genre I view online hate speech as an etic concept. (Online hate speech in general is a non-academic concept.) The scope of the genre is set by me to enable the analysis. Genre is a means of creating order within many different texts. Through defining a text as an example of online hate speech, I am interpreting both content and intent of the text. Etic definitions of genre are intended for research; however, it is necessary to be aware of the emic perspective to understand the context. As a Swedish-speaking Finn, I also have an inside understanding of the subject. The genre definition of online hate speech is based on online communication: there is a platform where a message is published and/or can be received, and it comprises an incidence of someone being offended. However, online hate speech is not always expressed through explicit aggressivity and resentment; it might be conveyed in a composed and objective manner. In researching online hate speech as a genre, I see how crude statements about Swedishspeakers are mediated and reiterated in a discussion forum, but there is a wider context. The mediated texts are not independent opinions, they are continuations of a dream of a monolingual Finnish nation originating from a time long before Finland’s independence from Russia in 1917. The transmitted texts are not contained within the forum but are spread online and into other contexts. Online hate speech leaks into other genres in both public and private domains; it is resounded in the parliament and in private conversations. The digital world is not separate from the analogue “reality”, rather it is a part of the same entirety. Finland has two national languages, Finnish and Swedish. “The public authorities shall provide for the cultural and societal needs of the Finnishspeaking and Swedish-speaking populations of the country on an equal basis” (The Constitution of Finland 731/1999, 17 §). Swedish-speakers constitute around 5.2 percent of Finland’s population of 5.5 million. Conflicts between the two language groups have flared up with varying intensity since the mid-1800s when the idea of an independent nation began to evolve. Peace between the language groups was made with the end of the war in 1945. However, the debate is still heated at times, especially when it comes to the mandatory teaching of Swedish in Finnish schools. The material for this thesis consists of about 350 discussion forum posts from Suomi24 published and collected between 2015 and 2017. Suomi24 is one of the most visited web forums for social networking in Finland, with more than two million visitors per month. During my search for online hate speech directed at the Swedish-speaking population, I came across hate speech directed at several other minorities, for example asylum seekers, sexual minorities, and religious minorities. Online hate speech targets many different groups. Please note that I do not imply that the majority of Finnish-speakers partake in hate speech directed at the Swedish-speaking population or any other group. However, research shows that the debate climate overall, both online and offline, has become more aggressive over the years. Online hate speech is affective, it conveys affect, and works through affect. Affect is a combination of emotions, corporeality, and cultural context, and it is shaped between individuals and their contexts. I view online hate speech as a performance, where the performer calls upon the audience using affective tools. Affective utterances work through performance; they create affective communities and call for action. Affects are performative. Through analysing the web forum material, I show the performativity of online hate speech, how it produces and upholds negative sentiments about the people it targets. Actual societal impact is outside of my scope, but previous research has shown how an online environment where xenophobia and misogynistic opinions are given space can contribute to real acts of violence. What goes on online does not necessarily stay online. I have paid extra attention to the intersectional categories of language, ethnicity, class and gender. It is through different combinations of these that the Swedish-speaking population is framed as the opposite of Finnishspeakers, and even their enemy. The analysed quotes include examples of Swedish-speakers being called quislings, and their loyalty towards the Finnish nation is questioned. Swedish-speakers are thought of as being upper-class and descendants of old Swedish nobility. Homophobia is a visible theme in online hate speech, and the sexuality and masculinity of Swedish men are up for scrutiny. Swedish-speaking women, on the other hand, are depicted as raging feminists or even as a female grim reaper. The Swedish language acts as a marker for what is not considered genuinely Finnish. The idea of a monolingual nation as a sign of a strong and independent nation is expressed through the quotes about Swedish-speakers as unwanted citizens. Historical concepts and events are used to justify positions regarding Swedish-speaking minority in Finland. History is produced in online hate speech to give it a sense of authority. The people who are singled out as objects of hatred are dehumanised by being portrayed as animals, likened to diseases, or described as an unnecessary cost. Finally, online hatred expresses a backward-looking value conservatism and presents heteronormativity as the only alternative. Swedish-speakers are posed as a threat to the Finnish nation, and by that, online hate speech is sanctioned. The publisher of the hate becomes the victim. The online hate speech produces history in which the Finnish-speaking population comprises the only legitimate inhabitants of Finland, and Swedishspeakers are occupiers. Along with immigrants, sexual minorities, feminists and others, Swedish-speakers are depicted as an obstacle and a threat to the homogeneous ideal life that the online hate mongers express a longing for. Thus, the hatred towards Swedish-speakers in Finland conveyed through online hate speech is not unique: minorities around the world are affected similarly
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