Sustainable Development Goals integrated in Project-based Learning in the Mechanical Engineering Degree

[EN] The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are an action plan to reach a better and more sustainable future for everybody. This is the main reason why universities have to make a special effort to instil in students the importance of the SDGs as well as promote actions addressed to the end poverty, the protection of the planet and the improvement of lives and prospects of everyone in any place. In light of this, one of the methodologies that currently is very used by universities is Project- Based Learning (PBL). This methodology promotes active teaching in which students are the main actors. With this methodology students solve challenging situations, raise questions, and try to answer them using their knowledge, means, resources, research, reflection in an active and collaborative way. It is not a new methodology, but it is unquestionable that in the last years it has been implemented in a generalized way in comparison with other educational trends. The objective of this paper is to define a learning approach based on PBL to achieve and enhance students' knowledge about SDGs. In addition, the paper also shows an illustrative example of a PBL model applied to some of the 17 SGDs that can be the basis for other teachers to apply the PBL methodology to develop students¿ capacity to achieve SGDs in other subjects and/or degrees.This article has been supported by Universitat Politècnica de València, particularly by the Vicerectorate for Digital Resources and Documentation (Vicerrectorado de Recursos Digitales y Documentación) and Vice-Rectorate for Studies, Quality and Accreditation (Vicerrectorado de Estudios, Calidad y Acreditación) under the Call for Learning + Teaching (Convocatoria A+D2019: Aprendizaje + Docencia. Proyectos de Innovación y Mejora Educativa) and Project Code: A157. The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Institute of Educational Sciences (Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación), the Evaluation and Monitoring Commission for Educational Innovation and Improvement Projects (Comisión de Evaluación y Seguimiento de Proyectos de Innovación y Mejora Educativa (CESPIME) and Escuela Politécnica Superior de Alcoy.Pérez-Sánchez, M.; Sanchis, R. (2021). Sustainable Development Goals integrated in Project-based Learning in the Mechanical Engineering Degree. INTED proceedings (Online). 7480-7487. https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2021.1502S7480748

Metodología(s) del análisis de la imagen

Presentación metodológica de las distintas aproximaciones al estudio de la imagen desde una perspectiva semiótica

Recent ASDEX Upgrade research in support of ITER and DEMO

Recent experiments on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak aim at improving the physics base for ITER and DEMO to aid the machine design and prepare efficient operation. Type I edge localized mode (ELM) mitigation using resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) has been shown at low pedestal collisionality ( ν ∗ ped < 0 . 4 ) . In contrast to the previous high ν ∗ regime, suppression only occurs in a narrow RMP spectral window, indicating a resonant process, and a concomitant confinement drop is observed due to a reduction of pedestal top density and electron temperature. Strong evidence is found for the ion heat flux to be the decisive element for the L–H power threshold. A physics based scaling of the density at which the minimum P LH occurs indicates that ITER could take advantage of it to initiate H-mode at lower density than that of the final Q = 10 operational point. Core density fluctuation measurements resolved in radius and wave number show that an increase of R/L T e introduced by off-axis electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) mainly increases the large scale fluctuations. The radial variation of the fluctuation level is in agreement with simulations using the GENE code. Fast particles are shown to undergo classical slowing down in the absence of large scale magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) events and for low heating power, but show signs of anomalous radial redistribution at large heating power, consistent with a broadened off-axis neutral beam current drive current profile under these conditions. Neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) suppression experiments using electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) with feedback controlled deposition have allowed to test several control strategies for ITER, including automated control of (3,2) and (2,1) NTMs during a single discharge. Disruption mitigation studies using massive gas injection (MGI) can show an increased fuelling efficiency with high field side injection, but a saturation of the fuelling efficiency is observed at high injected mass as needed for runaway electron suppression. Large locked modes can significantly decrease the fuelling efficiency and increase the asymmetry of radiated power during MGI mitigation. Concerning power exhaust, the partially detached ITER divertor scenario has been demonstrated at P sep /R = 10 MW m − 1 in ASDEX Upgrade, with a peak time averaged target load around 5MWm − 2 , well consistent with the component limits for ITER. Developing this towards DEMO, full detachment was achieved at P sep /R = 7MWm − 1 and stationary discharges with core radiation fraction of the order of DEMO requirements (70% instead of the 30% needed for ITER) were demonstrated. Finally, it remains difficult to establish the standard ITER Q = 10 scenario at low q 95 = 3 in the all-tungsten (all-W) ASDEX Upgrade due to the observed poor confinement at low β N . This is mainly due to a degraded pedestal performance and hence investigations at shifting the operational point to higher β N by lowering the current have been started. At higher q 95 , pedestal performance can be recovered by seeding N 2 as well as CD 4 , which is interpreted as improved pedestal stability due to the decrease of bootstrap current with increasing Z eff . Concerning advanced scenarios, the upgrade of ECRH power has allowed experiments with central ctr-ECCD to modify the q -profile in improved H-mode scenarios, showing an increase in confinement at still good MHD stability with flat elevated q -profiles at values between 1.5 and 2.European Commission (EUROfusion 633053

Transitivity in Fuzzy Hyperspaces

Given a metric space (X, d), we deal with a classical problem in the theory of hyperspaces: how some important dynamical properties (namely, weakly mixing, transitivity and point-transitivity) between a discrete dynamical system f : (X, d) → (X, d) and its natural extension to the hyperspace are related. In this context, we consider the Zadeh’s extension fbof f to F(X), the family of all normal fuzzy sets on X, i.e., the hyperspace F(X) of all upper semicontinuous fuzzy sets on X with compact supports and non-empty levels and we endow F(X) with different metrics: the supremum metric d∞, the Skorokhod metric d0, the sendograph metric dS and the endograph metric dE. Among other things, the following results are presented: (1) If (X, d) is a metric space, then the following conditions are equivalent: (a) (X, f) is weakly mixing, (b) ((F(X), d∞), fb) is transitive, (c) ((F(X), d0), fb) is transitive and (d) ((F(X), dS)), fb) is transitive, (2) if f : (X, d) → (X, d) is a continuous function, then the following hold: (a) if ((F(X), dS), fb) is transitive, then ((F(X), dE), fb) is transitive, (b) if ((F(X), dS), fb) is transitive, then (X, f) is transitive; and (3) if (X, d) be a complete metric space, then the following conditions are equivalent: (a) (X × X, f × f) is point-transitive and (b) ((F(X), d0) is point-transitive

Studying the capacity of cellular encoding to generate feedforward neural network topologies

Proceeding of: IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IJCNN 2004, Budapest, 25-29 July 2004Many methods to codify artificial neural networks have been developed to avoid the disadvantages of direct encoding schema, improving the search into the solution's space. A method to analyse how the search space is covered and how are the movements along search process applying genetic operators is needed in order to evaluate the different encoding strategies for multilayer perceptrons (MLP). In this paper, the generative capacity, this is how the search space is covered for a indirect scheme based on cellular systems, is studied. The capacity of the methods to cover the search space (topologies of MLP space) is compared with the direct encoding scheme.Publicad

Enhanced Pockels effect in strained silicon by means of a SiGe/Si/SiGe slot structure

[EN] A slot waveguide structure made of a SiGe/Si/SiGe heterojunction is proposed to enhance Pockels effect in strained silicon. The strain is applied via lattice mismatch between layers, while the slot configuration optimizes the overlap between the optical and electric field inside the strained silicon.Funding from projects TEC2016-76849 (MINECO/FEDER, UE) and PROMETEO/2019/123 (Generalitat Valenciana) is acknowledged. Irene Olivares acknowledges the UPV for funding her research staff training (FPI) grant.Olivares-Sánchez-Mellado, I.; Sanchis Kilders, P. (2020). Enhanced Pockels effect in strained silicon by means of a SiGe/Si/SiGe slot structure. IEEE. 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1109/IPC47351.2020.9252351S1

A SiGe Slot Approach for Enhancing Strain Induced Pockels Effect in the Mid-IR Range

[EN] Strained silicon was proposed more than a decade ago promising to revolutionize the silicon photonics field by allowing efficient modulation in this platform. Despite all the efforts, still rather low chi(2) values have been measured in strained silicon devices. In addition, the way of applying strain has not barely changed since the concept was proposed, usually consisting on a silicon waveguide covered by a stressor material such as silicon nitride. In this letter, a SiGe slot approach is explored as a different route to enhance the strain induced Pockels effect in the mid-IR range. Such approach would allow effective index change values which are near to 10(-4) and improve the values expected for the most common silicon - silicon nitride structure by more than three orders of magnitude.This work was supported in part by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion under Grant TEC2016-76849 and Grant PID2019-111460GB-I00 and in part by the Generalitat Valenciana under Grant PROMETEO/2019/123.Olivares-Sánchez-Mellado, I.; Sanchis Kilders, P. (2021). A SiGe Slot Approach for Enhancing Strain Induced Pockels Effect in the Mid-IR Range. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. 33(16):848-851. https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2021.3075753848851331

Comment on "Theory of tailoring sonic devices: Diffraction dominates over refraction"

Recently N. Garcia et al. (Phys. Rev. E 67, 046606 (2003)) theoretically studied several acoustic devices with dimensions on de order of several wavelenghts. The authors discussed on experimental results previously reported by several of us (F. Cervera et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 023902 (2002)). They concluded that diffraction and not refraction is the ominating mechanism that explain the focusing effects observed in those experiments. In this Comment we reexamined their calculations and discussed why some of their interpretations of our results are misleading.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figures, a comment on an articl

Broadband 8 micrometers long hybrid silicon-plasmonic transverse magnetic-transverse electric converter with losses below 2 dB

This paper was published in Optics Letters and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OL.38.002842. Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under lawA novel ultracompact (8 mu m length) hybrid silicon-plasmonic TM-TE converter is reported. The conversion is achieved during a partial power coupling between a waveguide and a hybrid plasmonic parallel waveguide. The impact of different types of metals is also analyzed. At a wavelength of 1.55 mu m, the device has an extinction ratio (ER) of 27.6 dB and insertion loss (IL) of 1.75 dB. Furthermore, an optical bandwidth as large as 100 nm is achieved with ERs higher than 25 dB and ILs below 2 dB. (C) 2013 Optical Society of AmericaThe authors acknowledge funding from TEC2012-38540 LEOMIS and PROMETEO-2010-087. L. Sanchez also acknowledges the Generalitat Valenciana for funding his grant in the context of the VALi+d program.Sánchez Diana, LD.; Sanchis Kilders, P. (2013). Broadband 8 micrometers long hybrid silicon-plasmonic transverse magnetic-transverse electric converter with losses below 2 dB. Optics Letters. 38(15):2842-2845. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.38.002842S284228453815Jalali, B., & Fathpour, S. (2006). Silicon Photonics. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 24(12), 4600-4615. doi:10.1109/jlt.2006.885782Dionne, J. A., Sweatlock, L. A., Sheldon, M. T., Alivisatos, A. P., & Atwater, H. A. (2010). Silicon-Based Plasmonics for On-Chip Photonics. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 16(1), 295-306. doi:10.1109/jstqe.2009.2034983Zhu, S., Lo, G.-Q., & Kwong, D.-L. (2012). Experimental Demonstration of Vertical ${\rm Cu}\hbox{-}{\rm SiO}_{2}\hbox{-}{\rm Si}$ Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide Components on an SOI Platform. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 24(14), 1224-1226. doi:10.1109/lpt.2012.2199979Tobing, L. Y. M., Tjahjana, L., & Hua Zhang, D. (2012). Demonstration of low-loss on-chip integrated plasmonic waveguide based on simple fabrication steps on silicon-on-insulator platform. Applied Physics Letters, 101(4), 041117. doi:10.1063/1.4739523Fedyanin, D. Y., Krasavin, A. V., Arsenin, A. V., & Zayats, A. V. (2012). Surface Plasmon Polariton Amplification upon Electrical Injection in Highly Integrated Plasmonic Circuits. Nano Letters, 12(5), 2459-2463. doi:10.1021/nl300540xAlonso-Ramos, C., Halir, R., Ortega-Moñux, A., Cheben, P., Vivien, L., Molina-Fernández, Í., … Schmid, J. (2012). Highly tolerant tunable waveguide polarization rotator scheme. Optics Letters, 37(17), 3534. doi:10.1364/ol.37.003534Zhang, H., Das, S., Zhang, J., Huang, Y., Li, C., Chen, S., … Thong, J. T. L. (2012). Efficient and broadband polarization rotator using horizontal slot waveguide for silicon photonics. Applied Physics Letters, 101(2), 021105. doi:10.1063/1.4734640Aamer, M., Gutierrez, A. M., Brimont, A., Vermeulen, D., Roelkens, G., Fedeli, J.-M., … Sanchis, P. (2012). CMOS Compatible Silicon-on-Insulator Polarization Rotator Based on Symmetry Breaking of the Waveguide Cross Section. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 24(22), 2031-2034. doi:10.1109/lpt.2012.2218593Nakayama, K., Shoji, Y., & Mizumoto, T. (2012). Single Trench SiON Waveguide TE-TM Mode Converter. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 24(15), 1310-1312. doi:10.1109/lpt.2012.2202646Komatsu, M., Saitoh, K., & Koshiba, M. (2012). Compact Polarization Rotator Based on Surface Plasmon Polariton With Low Insertion Loss. IEEE Photonics Journal, 4(3), 707-714. doi:10.1109/jphot.2012.2195650Caspers, J. N., Alam, M. Z., & Mojahedi, M. (2012). Compact hybrid plasmonic polarization rotator. Optics Letters, 37(22), 4615. doi:10.1364/ol.37.004615Roberts, S. (1960). Optical Properties of Copper. Physical Review, 118(6), 1509-1518. doi:10.1103/physrev.118.1509Sun, X., Alam, M. Z., Wagner, S. J., Aitchison, J. S., & Mojahedi, M. (2012). Experimental demonstration of a hybrid plasmonic transverse electric pass polarizer for a silicon-on-insulator platform. Optics Letters, 37(23), 4814. doi:10.1364/ol.37.00481

Generative capacities of cellular automata codification for evolution of NN codification

Proceeding of: International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks. ICANN 2002, Madrid, Spain, August 28-30, 2002Automatic methods for designing artificial neural nets are desired to avoid the laborious and erratically human expert’s job. Evolutionary computation has been used as a search technique to find appropriate NN architectures. Direct and indirect encoding methods are used to codify the net architecture into the chromosome. A reformulation of an indirect encoding method, based on two bi-dimensional cellular automata, and its generative capacity are presented.Publicad