El efecto de los gases de relleno sanitario en el crecimiento vegetal

The plants carry out the gaseous exchange during the photosynthesis and the respiration, however the stomal openingof the leaves or the flow through lenticels in the root are not selective, the anthropogenic biogas emissions enter tovegetable tissues altering its normal physiology.In landfill sites roots plants are exposed to a flow of a variable concentration of biogas, mainly composed by methane(CH4) 50-60% and carbon dioxide (CO2) 40-55%, product of the anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction ofmunicipal solid waste (MSW). Biogas, according to its concentration and exposure time is likely to exert a negativeeffect on plant root growth; however, the mechanism is largely unknown. The aim of this revision was to revise thestate of the art of the negative effect of biogas on plants that are close to landfill sites.Las plantas realizan el intercambio gaseoso durante la fotosíntesis y la respiración, la apertura estomática de las hojaso el flujo de gases es a través de lenticelas en la raíz no es selectivo, por lo que el biogás de emisión antropogénica enlos rellenos sanitarios (RESA) ingresan a los tejidos vegetales y afectan negativamente su fisiología normal.En un RESA raíces de las plantas están expuestas al flujo de una concentración variable de biogás constituidoprincipalmente de metano (CH4) 50-60% y dióxido de carbono (CO2) 40-55%, producto de la digestión anaerobia(DA) de la fracción orgánica (FO) de los residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU). El biogás, en función de la concentración yel tiempo de exposición ejerce un efecto desfavorable en el crecimiento radical, aunque se desconoce la manera en laque lo causa, así como los mecanismos de adaptación de esas plantas para supervivir. El objetivo de esta breverevisión fue analizar el estado del arte del efecto negativo del biogás y sus constituyentes sobre especies vegetales quecrecen en un RESA

Inoculación de Hordeun vulgare var Armida (cebada) con Burkholderia cepacia y Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus

La producción de cebada demanda la provisión adecuada de nitrógeno (N) aplicado como fertilizante nitrogenado (FN), que en exceso al igual que otras prácticas culturales inadecuadas podría causar pérdida de la productividad del suelo. Una alternativa para regular y optimizar el uso del FN en la cebada es la inoculación con géneros de bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal endófitas (BPCVE), como Burkholderia cepacia y Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el efecto de B. cepacia y G. diazotrophicus en cebada. El experimento se realizó en un invernadero bajo un diseño experimental factorial de seis tratamientos y seis repeticiones cada uno: a) cebada sin inocular y sin FN, o control absoluto (CA); b) sin inocular y 50% del FN, o control relativo 1 (CR1); c) sin inocular y 100% del FN, o control relativo 2 (CR2), d) inoculada con B. cepacia y 50% del FN; e) inoculada con G. diazotrophicus y 50% del FN y f) inoculada con la mezcla de B. cepacia y G. diazotrophicus y el 50% del FN. Las variables analizadas fueron respuestas basadas en su fenología y biomasa: peso seco total (PST) a plántula y floración. Los resultados indicaron un efecto positivo de B. cepacia con 0,85 g de PST, valor sin diferencia estadística en comparación con los 0,54 g de PST de la cebada, control relativo (CR) con FN al 100% sin inocular. A floración B. cepacia ejerció un efecto positivo con 4,48 g de PST, al igual que la doble inoculación de B. cepacia y G. diazotrophicus con 3,29 g de PST. Estos valores tuvieron diferencia estadística en comparación a los 1,49 g de PST. Lo anterior sugiere que entre B. cepacia y la cebada existe una interacción específica, que favorece la mejor absorción radical del FN al 50%, sin causar un problema de deficiencia nutricional en el crecimiento de la planta

Respuesta de frijol al Endospor 33® a dosis 50% de fertilizante nitrogenado/fosfatado en agricultura protegida

Bean is a legume its production requires nitrogen (N) combined as ammonium (NH4) or nitrate (NO3) and phosphates (NPF), its indiscriminate application causes soil lost productivity. An alternative solution for reducing and optimizing NPF is applying mixed inoculant which could be improved by plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) and mycohrrizae. The objective of this research was to analyze the response of beans to mixed inoculant Endospor 33® at 50% reduced dose of NPF. In that sense a red ferralitic soil poor in N and organic matter was used. By experimental design: 5 treatments and 6 replications. Results showed a positive bean responds achieving 100% germination at 20mg/seed with Endospor 33® at 50% NPF dose. At seedling level bean was 6.63g of total fresh weight (TFW) and 0.66g total dry weight (TDW) with the same Endospor 33® dose compared to 0.28g of TDW of bean used as relative control (RC) at 100% NPF dose. At flowering with 30 mg/plant got 1.5 g of TDW compared to 1.0g TDW of bean as CR. At physiological maturity bean with 30mg/plant had 34.83g/100 grains compared to 20.39g/grains of bean as CR. Those data supporting that Endopre 33® is an excellent choice in beans production at NPF 50% dose but not adverse effect on bean growth and yield in protected agriculture.El frijol requiere fertilización nitrogenada y fosfatada (FNP), cuya indiscriminada aplicación causa pérdida de productividad del suelo, una alternativa de solución para este problema es reducir y optimizar la dosis de FNP con un inoculante mixto con bacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal (BPCV) y hongos micorricicos vesículo arbusculares (HMA). El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la respuesta del frijol al inoculante mixto Endospor 33® a dosis reducida al 50% del FNP. En un suelo ferralítico rojo pobre de Nitrógeno (N) y materia orgánica. Con un diseño experimental de bloques al azar con 5 tratamientos y 6 repeticiones. Los resultados indican que el porcentaje de germinación del frijol con Endospor 33® a la dosis 20 mg/semilla fue de 100%. A plántula con 10 mg/planta, tuvo 6,13g de peso fresco total (PFT) y de 0,66g de peso seco total (PST) comparado con el frijol control relativo (CR) con 0,28g de PST con el 100% del FNP. A floración con 30 mg/planta Endospore 33® tuvo 1,5g de PST comparado con 1,07g de PST del frijol CR. A madurez fisiológica con 30mg/planta registro 34,83g/100 semillas, en contraste a su homologo CR con 20,39g/100 semillas. Lo anterior indica que este inoculante mixto es una opción en la producción del frijol a dosis reducida del FNP, sin afectar negativamente su crecimiento y/o rendimiento

The effect of landfill biogas on vegetal growth

The plants carry out the gaseous exchange during the photosynthesis and the respiration, however the stomal opening of the leaves or the flow through lenticels in the root are not selective, the anthropogenic biogas emissions enter to vegetable tissues altering its normal physiology. In landfill sites roots plants are exposed to a flow of a variable concentration of biogas, mainly composed by methane (CH4) 50-60% and carbon dioxide (CO2) 40-55%, product of the anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW). Biogas, according to its concentration and exposure time is likely to exert a negative effect on plant root growth; however, the mechanism is largely unknown. The aim of this revision was to revise the state of the art of the negative effect of biogas on plants that are close to landfill sites

Bean responds to Endospor 33® at reduced dose of Nitrogen and

Bean is a legume its production requires nitrogen (N) combined as ammonium (NH4) or nitrate (NO3) and phosphates (NPF), its indiscriminate application causes soil lost productivity. An alternative solution for reducing and optimizing NPF is applying mixed inoculant which could be improved by plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) and mycohrrizae. The objective of this research was to analyze the response of beans to mixed inoculant Endospor 33® at 50% reduced dose of NPF. In that sense a red ferralitic soil poor in N and organic matter was used. By experimental design: 5 treatments and 6 replications. Results showed a positive bean responds achieving 100% germination at 20mg/seed with Endospor 33® at 50% NPF dose. At seedling level bean was 6.63g of total fresh weight (TFW) and 0.66g total dry weight (TDW) with the same Endospor 33® dose compared to 0.28g of TDW of bean used as relative control (RC) at 100% NPF dose. At flowering with 30 mg/plant got 1.5 g of TDW compared to 1.0g TDW of bean as CR. At physiological maturity bean with 30mg/plant had 34.83g/100 grains compared to 20.39g/grains of bean as CR. Those data supporting that Endopre 33® is an excellent choice in bean’s production at NPF 50% dose but not adverse effect on bean growth and yield in protected agriculture

Respuesta de frijol al Endospor 33® a dosis 50% de fertilizante nitrogenado/fosfatado en agricultura protegida

Bean is a legume its production requires nitrogen (N) combined as ammonium (NH4) or nitrate (NO3) and phosphates (NPF), its indiscriminate application causes soil lost productivity. An alternative solution for reducing and optimizing NPF is applying mixed inoculant which could be improved by plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) and mycohrrizae. The objective of this research was to analyze the response of beans to mixed inoculant Endospor 33® at 50% reduced dose of NPF. In that sense a red ferralitic soil poor in N and organic matter was used. By experimental design: 5 treatments and 6 replications. Results showed a positive bean responds achieving 100% germination at 20mg/seed with Endospor 33® at 50% NPF dose. At seedling level bean was 6.63g of total fresh weight (TFW) and 0.66g total dry weight (TDW) with the same Endospor 33® dose compared to 0.28g of TDW of bean used as relative control (RC) at 100% NPF dose. At flowering with 30 mg/plant got 1.5 g of TDW compared to 1.0g TDW of bean as CR. At physiological maturity bean with 30mg/plant had 34.83g/100 grains compared to 20.39g/grains of bean as CR. Those data supporting that Endopre 33® is an excellent choice in beans production at NPF 50% dose but not adverse effect on bean growth and yield in protected agriculture.El frijol requiere fertilización nitrogenada y fosfatada (FNP), cuya indiscriminada aplicación causa pérdida de productividad del suelo, una alternativa de solución para este problema es reducir y optimizar la dosis de FNP con un inoculante mixto con bacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal (BPCV) y hongos micorricicos vesículo arbusculares (HMA). El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la respuesta del frijol al inoculante mixto Endospor 33® a dosis reducida al 50% del FNP. En un suelo ferralítico rojo pobre de Nitrógeno (N) y materia orgánica. Con un diseño experimental de bloques al azar con 5 tratamientos y 6 repeticiones. Los resultados indican que el porcentaje de germinación del frijol con Endospor 33® a la dosis 20 mg/semilla fue de 100%. A plántula con 10 mg/planta, tuvo 6,13g de peso fresco total (PFT) y de 0,66g de peso seco total (PST) comparado con el frijol control relativo (CR) con 0,28g de PST con el 100% del FNP. A floración con 30 mg/planta Endospore 33® tuvo 1,5g de PST comparado con 1,07g de PST del frijol CR. A madurez fisiológica con 30mg/planta registro 34,83g/100 semillas, en contraste a su homologo CR con 20,39g/100 semillas. Lo anterior indica que este inoculante mixto es una opción en la producción del frijol a dosis reducida del FNP, sin afectar negativamente su crecimiento y/o rendimiento

A 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel to prevent adverse drug reactions: an open-label, multicentre, controlled, cluster-randomised crossover implementation study

© 2023Background: The benefit of pharmacogenetic testing before starting drug therapy has been well documented for several single gene–drug combinations. However, the clinical utility of a pre-emptive genotyping strategy using a pharmacogenetic panel has not been rigorously assessed. Methods: We conducted an open-label, multicentre, controlled, cluster-randomised, crossover implementation study of a 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel in 18 hospitals, nine community health centres, and 28 community pharmacies in seven European countries (Austria, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain, and the UK). Patients aged 18 years or older receiving a first prescription for a drug clinically recommended in the guidelines of the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (ie, the index drug) as part of routine care were eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria included previous genetic testing for a gene relevant to the index drug, a planned duration of treatment of less than 7 consecutive days, and severe renal or liver insufficiency. All patients gave written informed consent before taking part in the study. Participants were genotyped for 50 germline variants in 12 genes, and those with an actionable variant (ie, a drug–gene interaction test result for which the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group [DPWG] recommended a change to standard-of-care drug treatment) were treated according to DPWG recommendations. Patients in the control group received standard treatment. To prepare clinicians for pre-emptive pharmacogenetic testing, local teams were educated during a site-initiation visit and online educational material was made available. The primary outcome was the occurrence of clinically relevant adverse drug reactions within the 12-week follow-up period. Analyses were irrespective of patient adherence to the DPWG guidelines. The primary analysis was done using a gatekeeping analysis, in which outcomes in people with an actionable drug–gene interaction in the study group versus the control group were compared, and only if the difference was statistically significant was an analysis done that included all of the patients in the study. Outcomes were compared between the study and control groups, both for patients with an actionable drug–gene interaction test result (ie, a result for which the DPWG recommended a change to standard-of-care drug treatment) and for all patients who received at least one dose of index drug. The safety analysis included all participants who received at least one dose of a study drug. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03093818 and is closed to new participants. Findings: Between March 7, 2017, and June 30, 2020, 41 696 patients were assessed for eligibility and 6944 (51·4 % female, 48·6% male; 97·7% self-reported European, Mediterranean, or Middle Eastern ethnicity) were enrolled and assigned to receive genotype-guided drug treatment (n=3342) or standard care (n=3602). 99 patients (52 [1·6%] of the study group and 47 [1·3%] of the control group) withdrew consent after group assignment. 652 participants (367 [11·0%] in the study group and 285 [7·9%] in the control group) were lost to follow-up. In patients with an actionable test result for the index drug (n=1558), a clinically relevant adverse drug reaction occurred in 152 (21·0%) of 725 patients in the study group and 231 (27·7%) of 833 patients in the control group (odds ratio [OR] 0·70 [95% CI 0·54–0·91]; p=0·0075), whereas for all patients, the incidence was 628 (21·5%) of 2923 patients in the study group and 934 (28·6%) of 3270 patients in the control group (OR 0·70 [95% CI 0·61–0·79]; p <0·0001). Interpretation: Genotype-guided treatment using a 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel significantly reduced the incidence of clinically relevant adverse drug reactions and was feasible across diverse European health-care system organisations and settings. Large-scale implementation could help to make drug therapy increasingly safe. Funding: European Union Horizon 2020

Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics in Evaluation of LIXisenatide in Acute Coronary Syndrome, a long-term cardiovascular end point trial of lixisenatide versus placebo

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, patients with T2DM and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have a particularly high risk of CV events. The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, lixisenatide, improves glycemia, but its effects on CV events have not been thoroughly evaluated. METHODS: ELIXA (www.clinicaltrials.gov no. NCT01147250) is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study of lixisenatide in patients with T2DM and a recent ACS event. The primary aim is to evaluate the effects of lixisenatide on CV morbidity and mortality in a population at high CV risk. The primary efficacy end point is a composite of time to CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Data are systematically collected for safety outcomes, including hypoglycemia, pancreatitis, and malignancy. RESULTS: Enrollment began in July 2010 and ended in August 2013; 6,068 patients from 49 countries were randomized. Of these, 69% are men and 75% are white; at baseline, the mean ± SD age was 60.3 ± 9.7 years, body mass index was 30.2 ± 5.7 kg/m(2), and duration of T2DM was 9.3 ± 8.2 years. The qualifying ACS was a myocardial infarction in 83% and unstable angina in 17%. The study will continue until the positive adjudication of the protocol-specified number of primary CV events. CONCLUSION: ELIXA will be the first trial to report the safety and efficacy of a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist in people with T2DM and high CV event risk

Lipoprotein(a) and Benefit of PCSK9 Inhibition in Patients With Nominally Controlled LDL Cholesterol

International audienceBackground: Guidelines recommend nonstatin lipid-lowering agents in patients at very high risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) if low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) remains ≥70 mg/dL on maximum tolerated statin treatment. It is uncertain if this approach benefits patients with LDL-C near 70 mg/dL. Lipoprotein(a) levels may influence residual risk.Objectives: In a post hoc analysis of the ODYSSEY Outcomes (Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab) trial, the authors evaluated the benefit of adding the proprotein subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor alirocumab to optimized statin treatment in patients with LDL-C levels near 70 mg/dL. Effects were evaluated according to concurrent lipoprotein(a) levels.Methods: ODYSSEY Outcomes compared alirocumab with placebo in 18,924 patients with recent acute coronary syndromes receiving optimized statin treatment. In 4,351 patients (23.0%), screening or randomization LDL-C was 13.7 mg/dL or ≤13.7 mg/dL; corresponding adjusted treatment hazard ratios were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.72-0.92) and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.75-1.06), with Pinteraction = 0.43.Conclusions: In patients with recent acute coronary syndromes and LDL-C near 70 mg/dL on optimized statin therapy, proprotein subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibition provides incremental clinical benefit only when lipoprotein(a) concentration is at least mildly elevated. (ODYSSEY Outcomes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab; NCT01663402)

Relation of Lipoprotein(a) Levels to Incident Type 2 Diabetes and Modification by Alirocumab Treatment

none1691siOBJECTIVE: In observational data, lower levels of lipoprotein(a) have been associated with greater prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Whether pharmacologic lowering of lipoprotein(a) influences incident type 2 diabetes is unknown. We determined the relationship of lipoprotein(a) concentration with incident type 2 diabetes and effects of treatment with alirocumab, a PCSK9 inhibitor. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial alirocumab was compared with placebo in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Incident diabetes was determined from laboratory, medication, and adverse event data. RESULTS: Among 13,480 patients without diabetes at baseline, 1,324 developed type 2 diabetes over a median 2.7 years. Median baseline lipoprotein(a) was 21.9 mg/dL. With placebo, 10 mg/dL lower baseline lipoprotein(a) was associated with hazard ratio 1.04 (95% CI 1.02-1.06, P < 0.001) for incident type 2 diabetes. Alirocumab reduced lipoprotein(a) by a median 23.2% with greater absolute reductions from higher baseline levels and no overall effect on incident type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.85-1.05). At low baseline lipoprotein(a) levels, alirocumab tended to reduce incident type 2 diabetes, while at high baseline lipoprotein(a) alirocumab tended to increase incident type 2 diabetes compared with placebo (treatment-baseline lipoprotein(a) interaction P = 0.006). In the alirocumab group, a 10 mg/dL decrease in lipoprotein(a) from baseline was associated with hazard ratio 1.07 (95% CI 1.03-1.12; P = 0.0002) for incident type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with acute coronary syndrome, baseline lipoprotein(a) concentration associated inversely with incident type 2 diabetes. Alirocumab had neutral overall effect on incident type 2 diabetes. However, treatment-related reductions in lipoprotein(a), more pronounced from high baseline levels, were associated with increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes. Whether these findings pertain to other therapies that reduce lipoprotein(a) is undetermined.restrictedSchwartz G.G.; Szarek M.; Bittner V.A.; Bhatt D.L.; Diaz R.; Goodman S.G.; Jukema J.W.; Loy M.; Manvelian G.; Pordy R.; White H.D.; Steg P.G. ODYSSEY OUTCOMES Committees and Investigators: Gregory G Schwartz, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Deepak L Bhatt, Vera A Bittner, Rafael Diaz, Shaun G Goodman, Robert A Harrington, J Wouter Jukema, Michael Szarek, Harvey D White, Andreas M Zeiher, Pierluigi Tricoci, Matthew T Roe, Kenneth W Mahaffey, Jay M Edelberg, Corinne Hanotin, Guillaume Lecorps, Angèle Moryusef, Robert Pordy, William J Sasiela, Jean-François Tamby, Philip E Aylward, Heinz Drexel, Peter Sinnaeve, Mirza Dilic, Renato D Lopes, Nina N Gotcheva, Juan-Carlos Prieto, Huo Yong, Patricio López-Jaramillo, Ivan Pećin, Zeljko Reiner, Petr Ostadal, Margus Viigimaa, Markku S Nieminen, Vakhtang Chumburidze, Nikolaus Marx, Nicolas Danchin, Evangelos Liberopoulos, Pablo Carlos Montenegro Valdovinos, Hung-Fat Tse, Robert Gabor Kiss, Denis Xavier, Doron Zahger, Marco Valgimigli, Takeshi Kimura, Hyo Soo Kim, Sang-Hyun Kim, Andrejs Erglis, Aleksandras Laucevicius, Sasko Kedev, Khalid Yusoff, Gabriel Arturo Ramos López, Marco Alings, Sigrun Halvorsen, Roger M Correa Flores, Andrzej Budaj, Joao Morais, Maria Dorobantu, Yuri Karpov, Arsen D Ristic, Terrance Chua, Jan Murin, Zlatko Fras, Anthony J Dalby, José Tuñón, H Asita de Silva, Emil Hagström, Ulf Landmesser, Chern-En Chiang, Piyamitr Sritara, Sema Guneri, Alexander Parkhomenko, Kausik K Ray, Patrick M Moriarty, Robert Vogel, Bernard Chaitman, Sheryl F Kelsey, Anders G Olsson, Jean-Lucien Rouleau, Maarten L Simoons, Karen Alexander, Chiara Meloni, Robert Rosenson, Eric J G Sijbrands, Pierluigi Tricoci, John H Alexander, Luciana Armaganijan, Akshay Bagai, Maria Cecilia Bahit, J Matthew Brennan, Shaun Clifton, Adam D DeVore, Shalonda Deloatch, Sheila Dickey, Keith Dombrowski, Grégory Ducrocq, Zubin Eapen, Patricia Endsley, Arleen Eppinger, Robert W Harrison, Connie Ng Hess, Mark A Hlatky, Joseph Dedrick Jordan, Joshua W Knowles, Bradley J Kolls, David F Kong, Sergio Leonardi, Linda Lillis, David J Maron, Jill Marcus, Robin Mathews, Rajendra H Mehta, Robert J Mentz, Humberto Graner Moreira, Chetan B Patel, Sabrina Bernardez-Pereira, Lynn Perkins, Thomas J Povsic, Etienne Puymirat, William Schuyler Jones, Bimal R Shah, Matthew W Sherwood, Kenya Stringfellow, Darin Sujjavanich, Mustafa Toma, Charlene Trotter, Sean Van Diepen, Matthew D Wilson, Andrew T Yan, Lilia B Schiavi, Marcelo Garrido, Andrés F Alvarisqueta, Sonia A Sassone, Anselmo P Bordonava, Alberto E Alves De Lima, Jorge M Schmidberg, Ernesto A Duronto, Orlando C Caruso, Leonardo P Novaretto, Miguel Angel Hominal, Oscar R Montaña, Alberto Caccavo, Oscar A Gomez Vilamajo, Alberto J Lorenzatti, Luis R Cartasegna, Gustavo A Paterlini, Ignacio J Mackinnon, Guillermo D Caime, Marcos Amuchastegui, Oscar Salomone, Oscar R Codutti, Horacio O Jure, Julio O E Bono, Adrian D Hrabar, Julio A Vallejos, Rodolfo A Ahuad Guerrero, Federico Novoa, Cristian A Patocchi, Cesar J Zaidman, Maria E Giuliano, Ricardo D Dran, Marisa L Vico, Gabriela S Carnero, Pablo N Guzman, Juan C Medrano Allende, Daniela F Garcia Brasca, Miguel H Bustamante Labarta, Sebastian Nani, Eduardo D S Blumberg, Hugo R Colombo, Alberto Liberman, Victorino Fuentealba, Hector L Luciardi, Gabriel D Waisman, Mario A Berli, Ruben O Garcia Duran, Horacio G Cestari, Hugo A Luquez, Jorge A Giordano, Silvia S Saavedra, Gerardo Zapata, Osvaldo Costamagna, Susana Llois, Jonathon H Waites, Nicholas Collins, Allan Soward, Chris L S Hii, James Shaw, Margaret A Arstall, John Horowitz, Daniel Ninio, James F Rogers, David Colquhoun, Romulo E Oqueli Flores, Philip Roberts-Thomson, Owen Raffel, Sam J Lehman, Constantine Aroney, Steven G M Coverdale, Paul J Garrahy, Gregory Starmer, Mark Sader, Patrick A Carroll, Ronald Dick, Robert Zweiker, Uta Hoppe, Kurt Huber, Rudolf Berger, Georg Delle-Karth, Bernhard Frey, Franz Weidinger, Dirk Faes, Kurt Hermans, Bruno Pirenne, Attilio Leone, Etienne Hoffer, Mathias C M Vrolix, Luc De Wolf, Bart Wollaert, Marc Castadot, Karl Dujardin, Christophe Beauloye, Geert Vervoort, Harry Striekwold, Carl Convens, John Roosen, Emanuele Barbato, Marc Claeys, Frank Cools, Ibrahim Terzic, Fahir Barakovic, Zlatko Midzic, Belma Pojskic, Emir Fazlibegovic, Mehmed Kulić, Azra Durak-Nalbantic, Dusko Vulic, Adis Muslibegovic, Boris Goronja, Gilmar Reis, Luciano Sousa, Jose C Nicolau, Flavio E Giorgeto, Ricardo P Silva, Lilia Nigro Maia, Rafael Rech, Paulo R F Rossi, Maria José A G Cerqueira, Norberto Duda, Renato Kalil, Adrian Kormann, José Antonio M Abrantes, Pedro Pimentel Filho, Ana Priscila Soggia, Mayler O N de Santos, Fernando Neuenschwander, Luiz C Bodanese, Yorghos L Michalaros, Freddy G Eliaschewitz, Maria H Vidotti, Paulo E Leaes, Roberto V Botelho, Sergio Kaiser, Euler Roberto Fernandes Manenti, Dalton B Precoma, Jose C Moura Jorge, Pedro G Silva, Jose A Silveira, Wladmir Saporito, Jose A Marin-Neto, Gilson S Feitosa, Luiz Eduardo F Ritt, Juliana A de Souza, Fernando Costa, Weimar K S B Souza, Helder J L Reis, Leandro Machado, José Carlos Aidar Ayoub, Georgi V Todorov, Fedya P Nikolov, Elena S Velcheva, Maria L Tzekova, Haralambi O Benov, Stanislav L Petranov, Haralin S Tumbev, Nina S Shehova-Yankova, Dimitar T Markov, Dimitar H Raev, Mihail N Mollov, Kostadin N Kichukov, Katya A Ilieva-Pandeva, Raya Ivanova, Maryana Gospodinov, Valentina M Mincheva, Petar V Lazov, Bojidar I Dimov, Manohara Senaratne, James Stone, Jan Kornder, Stephen Pearce, Danielle Dion, Daniel Savard, Yves Pesant, Amritanshu Pandey, Simon Robinson, Gilbert Gosselin, Saul Vizel, Gordon Hoag, Ronald Bourgeois, Anne Morisset, Eric Sabbah, Bruce Sussex, Simon Kouz, Paul MacDonald, Ariel Diaz, Nicolas Michaud, David Fell, Raymond Leung, Tycho Vuurmans, Christopher Lai, Frank Nigro, Richard Davies, Gustavo Nogareda, Ram Vijayaraghavan, John Ducas, Serge Lepage, Shamir Mehta, James Cha, Robert Dupuis, Peter Fong, Sohrab Lutchmedial, Josep Rodes-Cabau, Hussein Fadlallah, David Cleveland, Thao Huynh, Iqbal Bata, Adnan Hameed, Cristian Pincetti, Sergio Potthoff, Monica Acevedo, Arnoldo Aguirre, Margarita Vejar, Mario Yañez, Guillermo Araneda, Mauricio Fernandez, Luis Perez, Paola Varleta, Fernando Florenzano, Laura Huidobro, Carlos A Raffo, Claudia Olivares, Leonardo Nahuelpan, Humberto Montecinos, Jiyan Chen, Yugang Dong, Weijian Huang, Jianzhong Wang, Shi'An Huang, Zhuhua Yao, Xiang Li, Lan Cui, Wenhua Lin, Yuemin Sun, Jingfeng Wang, Jianping Li, Xuelian Zhang, Hong Zhu, Dandan Chen, Lan Huang, Shaohong Dong, Guohai Su, Biao Xu, Xi Su, Xiaoshu Cheng, Jinxiu Lin, Wenxia Zong, Huanming Li, Yi Feng, Dingli Xu, Xinchun Yang, Yuannan Ke, Xuefeng Lin, Zheng Zhang, Zeqi Zheng, Zhurong Luo, Yundai Chen, Chunhua Ding, Yi Zhong, Yang Zheng, Xiaodong Li, Daoquan Peng, Shuiping Zhao, Ying Li, Xuebo Liu, Meng Wei, Shaowen Liu, Yihua Yu, Baiming Qu, Weihong Jiang, Yujie Zhou, Xingsheng Zhao, Zuyi Yuan, Ying Guo, Xiping Xu, Xubo Shi, Junbo Ge, Guosheng Fu, Feng Bai, Weiyi Fang, Xiling Shou, Xiangjun Yang, Jian'An Wang, Meixiang Xiang, Yingxian Sun, Qinghua Lu, Ruiyan Zhang, Jianhua Zhu, 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