Marketing mix y posicionamiento de marca de la empresa productos Vanss SAC, Puente Piedra – Lima, 2018

La presente tesis titulada “marketing mix y posicionamiento de marca de la empresa Productos Vanss Sac, Puente Piedra – Lima, 2023”. Cuyo objetivo general fue determinar como el marketing mix se relaciona con el posicionamiento de marca de la empresa Productos Vanss SAC. El cual se utilizó como autor principal de Marketing Mix a Santiago López Arrazola, como dimensión: producto, precio, promoción y plaza, y para el posicionamiento de marca como dimensión: segmento de mercado, competidor estratégico, posición de sujetos, identidad social, rasgos de personalidad y ventaja diferencial. La tesis se desarrolló mediante el tipo de investigación aplicada, bajo el diseño no experimental con corte transversal, con un enfoque cuantitativo, de nivel de investigación correlacional. La población consta de 45 colaboradores de la empresa Productos Vanss. El cuestionario de marketing mix y posicionamiento de marca fue con la escala tipo Likert (nunca, casi nunca, a veces, casi siempre, siempre), para la validación del instrumento se llevó a cabo con la ayuda de un juicio de experimentados y a la fiabilidad del mismo se calculó a través del coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Una vez recogidos los datos estos fueron transformados mediante el SPSS y teniendo el respaldo de la misma. Se determinó que existe una fuerte relación en Marketing Mix y Posicionamiento de Marca de la empresa Productos Vanss SAC

Board Independence And Firm Performance: The Moderating Effect Of Institutional Context

This study proposes a new research approach to examine the relationship between board independence and corporate performance, measured by technical efficiency. Moreover, this paper examines the moderating role that institutional factors exert on this relationship through the legal system—the content of law and its enforcement. The research questions are examined using an international sample of 2185 firms from 2006 to 2015, applying truncated regression models for panel data and employing data envelopment analysis to examine efficiency as a measure of performance. This paper supports that board independence increases the firm's technical efficiency. Even more, greater legal and judicial protection exerts a positive moderating effect on the previous relationship by protecting private benefits for insiders, among other aspects. Thus, the positive impact of independent directors on efficiency is greater when firms operate in countries with a greater extent of law and enforcement. Our findings include endogeneity checks using instrumental variables

The Spanish company in China: entry forms and barriers to internationalization

Objeto: El mercado chino concentra las miradas de las empresas de todo el mundo por su gran potencial de ventas. No obstante, por la complejidad del país hay que realizar la inversión con cautela. La elección de la forma de entrada es una de las decisiones más cruciales que la empresa tiene que afrontar a la hora de invertir en un país extranjero. El presente trabajo pretende, por una parte, estudiar cuál es la forma de entrada más utilizada por las empresas para invertir en este país y en base a qué factores la han elegido y, por otra, identificar cuáles han sido las barreras de entrada a las que han tenido que hacer frente. Diseño/metodología/enfoque: Para contestar a estas preguntas se realizaron entrevistas con directivos y responsables del proceso de internacionalización de quince empresas españolas de diferentes sectores económicos con inversión directa en China. Aportaciones y resultados: Como resultado, encontramos que la implantación en China ha sido un proceso secuencial en la mayoría de casos estudiados por los siguientes motivos: falta de conocimiento del mercado, obligatoriedad de invertir con un socio local o implicación paulatina de recursos. Una vez la empresa decide establecerse permanentemente en China, la figura más empleada es la empresa propia o Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprise. Barreras regulatorias y burocráticas, culturales e idiomáticas, competitivas y de riesgo de imitación, los recursos humanos y, por último, barreras informales han sido las identificadas por las empresas durante su proceso de internacionalización en el mercado chino. Originalidad / Valor añadido: Se necesitan estudios como éste que arrojen luz al proceso de internacionalización en China por ser un mercado tan diferente culturalmente al español y tan desconocido por no haber sido el primer destino de la empresa española históricamente.Purpose: The Chinese market is a sought-after investment destination for numerous companies across the world for their great sales potential. However, because of the complexity of the country, the investment should be made with caution. The choice of form of entry is one of the most crucial decisions that the company has to face when it decides to undertake an internationalization process. This paper aims, first, determine the form of entry used by Spanish companies in China and what factors have influenced the choice, and secondly, identify what are the entry barriers that they have been found. Design/methodology: To answer these questions interviews were held with managers or heads of the department involved in the internationalization process of fifteen Spanish companies from different economic sectors with direct investment in China. Findings: As a result, we found that implantation in China has been a sequential process for the following reasons: lack of market knowledge, compulsory investment with a local partner or gradual commitment of resources. Once the company decides to settle permanently, the form used is a subsidiary company, known in China as Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprise. Regulatory and bureaucratic, cultural and language, competitive and risk of imitation, human resources and, finally, informal barriers have been identified by companies during their internationalization process in the Chinese market. Originality/value: More studies like this are needed for shed light to the internationalization process in this market for being so culturally different to Spanish and so unknown for not being the first destination of the Spanish company historically.Peer Reviewe

A modelling study highlights the power of detecting and isolating asymptomatic or very mildly affected individuals for COVID-19 epidemic management

Background: Mathematical modelling of infectious diseases is a powerful tool for the design of management policies and a fundamental part of the arsenal currently deployed to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We present a compartmental model for the disease where symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals move separately. We introduced healthcare burden parameters allowing to infer possible containment and suppression strategies. In addition, the model was scaled up to describe different interconnected areas, giving the possibility to trigger regionalized measures. It was specially adjusted to Mendoza-Argentina’s parameters, but is easily adaptable for elsewhere. Results: Overall, the simulations we carried out were notably more effective when mitigation measures were not relaxed in between the suppressive actions. Since asymptomatics or very mildly affected patients are the vast majority, we studied the impact of detecting and isolating them. The removal of asymptomatics from the infectious pool remarkably lowered the effective reproduction number, healthcare burden and overall fatality. Furthermore, different suppression triggers regarding ICU occupancy were attempted. The best scenario was found to be the combination of ICU occupancy triggers (on: 50%, off: 30%) with the detection and isolation of asymptomatic individuals. In the ideal assumption that 45% of the asymptomatics could be detected and isolated, there would be no need for complete lockdown, and Mendoza’s healthcare system would not collapse. Conclusions: Our model and its analysis inform that the detection and isolation of all infected individuals, without leaving aside the asymptomatic group is the key to surpass this pandemic.Fil: Mayorga, Lía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: García Samartino, Clara. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Odontologia; ArgentinaFil: Flores, Gabriel. No especifíca;Fil: Masuelli, Sofía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaFil: Sanchez Sanchez, Maria Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Mayorga, Luis Segundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez, Cristián G.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentin

Ingesta de fuentes alimentarias de ácidos grasos trans y su relación con el perfil lipídico en adultos de la provincia de Trujillo, 2022

Introducción: Las grasas trans son ácidos grasos insaturados presentes en alimentos procesados mediante un proceso industrial de hidrogenación. El consumo frecuente de grasas trans perjudica gravemente a la salud y se asocia muy estrechamente con el riesgo cardiovascular. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la relación entre la ingesta de fuentes alimentarias de ácidos grasos trans y el perfil lipídico en adultos de la provincia de Trujillo. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación de diseño no experimental, descriptiva correlacional. Se trabajó con una muestra de 116 pobladores con un rango de edad de 30 a 59 años. Se utilizó como instrumento un cuestionario para la frecuencia de consumo de fuentes alimentarias de ácidos grasos trans, además se realizó el dosaje de perfil lipídico mediante colesterometro Mission. Se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS versión 26.0, se aplicó la prueba de chi cuadrado y el coeficiente de correlación de Tau c de Kendall para establecer la relación de las variables y su grado de asociación respectivamente con un intervalo de confianza del 95% y con un nivel de significancia de 0.05. Resultados: El consumo de ácidos grasos trans en los participantes fue moderado en el 81.9%, donde el 33.7% presentó colesterol total elevado, el 93.7% HDL-c en riesgo alto, el 69.5% LDL-c elevado y el 47.4% nivel de triglicéridos elevado. Conclusión: Se concluye que existe relación entre el consumo de ácidos grasos trans con el colesterol total y C- LDL y no existe relación con el C-HDL y triglicéridos

#CoronavirusCruise: Impact and implications of the COVID-19 outbreaks on the perception of cruise tourism

Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, the Diamond Princess became the center of the largest outbreak outside the original epicenter in China. This outbreak which left 712 passengers infected and 14 dead, followed by subsequent outbreaks affecting over one-third of the active ships in the cruise industry's global fleet, quickly became a crisis that captured public attention and dominated mainstream news and social media. This study investigates the perception of cruising during these outbreaks by analyzing the tweets on cruising using Natural Language Processing (NLP). The findings show a prevalent negative sentiment in most of the analyzed tweets, while the criticisms directed at the cruise industry were based on perceptions and stereotypes of the industry before the pandemic. The study provides insight into the concerns raised in these conversations and highlights the need for new business models outside the pre-pandemic mass-market model and to genuinely make cruising more environmentally friendly.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Sensitivity of polyamine metabolism to glucose deprivation is increased in neuroblastoma cells with N-myc amplification

Ornithine-derived polyamines are essential for cell proliferation, and their levels are elevated in many human tumors. Neuroblastoma, the most frequent extra-cranial solid tumor in children, harbors amplification of n-myc oncogene (which enhances polyamine metabolism) in 25% of the cases. In the present communication, the relevance of n-myc amplification in several metabolic features of human neuroblastoma cell lines is studied. A previously unknown linkage between glycolysis impairment and polyamine reduction, related to n-myc amplification, is unveiled. Results show that glycolysis inhibition is able to trigger signaling events leading to the reduction of N-Myc protein levels and subsequent decrease of both ornithine decarboxylase expression and polyamine levels, accompanied by cell cycle blockade preceding cell death. Metabolism-targeted therapies are emerging as new approaches for cancer treatment. New anti-tumor strategies could take advantage of the direct relationship between glucose deprivation and PA metabolism impairment leading to cell death described in the present work, and its apparent dependence on n-myc amplification in the case of neuroblastoma. Combined therapies targeting glucose metabolism and polyamine synthesis could be effective in the treatment of n-myc amplified tumors.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. This work has been funded by Grants SAF2011-26518 (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain), Excellence Projects CTS-1507 and CVI-06585 (Junta de Andalucía, Spain) and BIO-267 (fondos PAIDI, Junta de Andalucía, Spain). MVRP was the recipient of a FPU long-term fellowship (Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, Spain) and a “III Plan Propio de Investigación” short-term fellowship (University of Málaga). CIBERER is an initiative of Instituto de Salud Carlos III. This communication has the support of a travel grant "Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech"

Abeta from APP/PS1 Alzheimer mice hippocampus induced synaptic damage in vivo and in vitro

We aim to investigate the effects of Abeta from young APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer`s disease (AD) on the synaptic integrity, as the loss of synapses strongly correlates with cognitive deficits in patients. Plaque-associated abnormal swellings of neuronal processes represent the first indicator of disease development and might compromise neuronal integrity and synaptic function. Here, we examined the synaptic nature of dystrophic neurites, and the reduction of both synapses and vesicles density in presynaptic terminals along with the progressive accumulation of autophagic structures and Abeta within hippocampal synaptosomes during the aging. We analysed both the direct synaptotoxic effect of plaques in the hippocampus of this model and also the repercussion of the soluble (S1) fraction in neuronal cultures. Hippocampal synapses were observed under both optic and electron microscopy. Synapses and vesicle density were quantified in periplaque and control (plaque-free) areas by electron microscopy. Primary neuronal cultures were incubated for 48 hours with 6-month-old APP/PS1 and wild-type S1 fractions. In addition, Abeta immunodepletion was carried out with different anti-Abeta antibodies and the levels of synaptic proteins were measured by Western-blot (WB). Both synapse number and synaptic-vesicles density were significantly decreased in young APP/PS1 mice, close to the Abeta deposits, in several hippocampal layers. Importantly, there was a correlation between the synaptic deficiencies and the distance to plaques, which presented oligomeric forms in their periphery. Some presynaptic elements were abnormally swollen, containing autophagic vesicles. In addition, we found by WB a decrease in several hippocampal synaptic markers as early as 4 months of age in this model, and also in neuronal cultures incubated with S1 fractions. Significantly, the neuronal reduction in VGLUT was reversed after Abeta immunodepletion. Plaque-associated oligomeric Abeta induced an early deleterious effect on synapses that correlates with memory deficits in young APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, soluble Abeta derived from these transgenic mice reduced synaptic protein content in vitro, which was restored after immunodepletion of Abeta species. Therefore, this model produced synaptotoxic Abeta and may represent a valuable tool to test novel treatments to protect synapses as an early therapeutic approach for AD.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

A Randomized Trial of Endovascular Embolization Treatment in Pelvic Congestion Syndrome: Fibered Platinum Coils versus Vascular Plugs with 1-Year Clinical Outcomes

Purpose: To compare safety and efficacy of vascular plugs (VPs) and fibered platinum coils (FPCs) for embolization in pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS). Materials and Methods A randomized, prospective, single-center study enrolled 100 women with PCS from January 2014 to January 2015. Patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups, and embolization was performed with FPCs (n = 50) or VPs (n = 50). Mean age of patients was 42.7 years ± 7.60, and mean visual analog scale (VAS) score for pelvic pain before treatment was 7.4 ± 7.60. Primary outcome (clinical success at 1 y using a VAS), number of devices, procedure and fluoroscopy times, radiation doses, costs, and complications were compared, and participants were followed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Results: Clinical success and subjective improvement were not significantly different at 1-year follow-up (89.7% for FPCs vs 90.6% for VPs; P = .760). Mean number of devices per case was 18.2 ± 1.33 for FPCs and 4.1 ± 0.31 for VPs (P < .001). Three FPCs and 1 VP migrated to pulmonary vasculature approximately 3–6 months after the embolization procedure; all were retrieved without complications. The FPC group had a significantly longer fluoroscopy time (33.4 min ± 4.68 vs 19.5 min ± 6.14) and larger radiation dose (air kerma 948.0 mGy ± 248.45 vs 320.7 mGy ± 134.33) (all P < .001). Conclusions: Embolization for PCS resulted in pain relief in 90% of patients; clinical success was not affected by embolic device. VPs were associated with decreased fluoroscopy time and radiation dose

Sunscreens effectiveness are not altered by concomitant use of moisturizing creams: An ultraviolet reflectance photography study

Background: Sunscreens are widely used to protect the skin against the harmful effects of solar radiation. It is not known whether solar protection factor of a sunscreen is altered by the concomitant use of other cosmetic products. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze changes in the protective effect of different commercial and ISO standards sunscreens with high SPF applied shortly before and after application of non-sunscreens galenic formulas type moisturizing creams. Methods: ISO 24444:2019 standard sunscreens, which claimed SPF 16 and 63, as well as 4 different claimed SPF 50 and 50+ commercial sunscreens were prepared and applied in different sequential order to the back of 25 volunteers and compared with different commercial moisturizing formulas. Ultraviolet (UV) reflectance photography followed by image analysis was used to compare untreated skin and skin treated with moisturizing creams alone and combined with sunscreens. Results: The UV reflectance analysis showed no significant changes of the skin color reflectance treated with moisturizing cream compared with untreated skin. Application of the sunscreen formulations were associated with a 35% - 70% decrease in color related to the in vivo expected SPF, indicating significant UV absorption for all sunscreen formulas. All standard and commercial sunscreens showed no significant differences in UV reflection color level when combined with the different moisturizing creams applied before or after the sunscreen. Conclusions: Effectiveness of low- and high-protection sunscreens were not altered by the concomitant use of a moisturizing creams applied shortly before and after the sunscreens.This work has been supported by the project no. PID2020-117224RB-100 of State Programs of Generation of Knowledge and Scientific and Technological Strengthening of the System from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. This is part of the research of the Institute of Biomedicine of Málaga (IBIMA) and the Junta de Andalucía working group CTS-162. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga/CBU