Material characterization of structural adhesives in the lap shear mode

A general method for characterizing structual adhesives in the bonded lap shear mode is proposed. Two approaches in the form of semiempirical and theoretical approaches are used. The semiempirical approach includes Ludwik's and Zhurkov's equations to describe respectively, the failure stresses in the constant strain rate and constant stress loading modes with the inclusion of the temperature effects. The theoretical approach is used to describe adhesive shear stress-strain behavior with the use of viscoelastic or nonlinear elastic constitutive equations. Two different model adhesives are used in the single lap shear mode with titanium adherends. These adhesives (one of which was developed at NASA Langley Research Center) are currently considered by NASA for possible aerospace applications. Use of different model adhesives helps in assessment of the generality of the method

An analysis of shoe within the context ofsocial history of fashion

Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Industrial Design, Izmir, 2006Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 98-101)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishviii, 101 leavesThis research explores the many paradoxes inherent in shoes in collecting, consuming, fashioning, representing, and wearing them. It aims to capture the cultural significance of shoes in history, fashion, sociology, psychology, sexuality and dance

Spatial updating of objects after rotational and translational body movements in virtual environments

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Spatial reasoning in architectural design can be better understood by considering the factors that affect the spatial updating process of the individual in an environment. This study focuses on the issue of spatial updating of viewed and imagined objects after rotational and translational body movements in a virtual environment (VE). Rotational and translational movements based on an egocentric frame of reference where there is no control of the user are compared in a desktop VE. Moreover, preference in architectural drawing medium and gender are analyzed as the factors that affect the spatial updating of objects in each body movement type. The results indicated that translational movement was more efficient than the rotational movement in judgment of relative directions in viewed objects. Furthermore, the viewed objects were more correctly spatially updated than the imagined ones both in translational and rotational body movements. In comparison of hand, computer and both as the drawing media, findings indicated that preference in computer medium in architectural design drawings was an effective one in spatial updating process in a VE. Contrary to the previous studies, it is found that there was no significant difference between gender and movement types. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Curious Exploration via Structured World Models Yields Zero-Shot Object Manipulation

It has been a long-standing dream to design artificial agents that explore their environment efficiently via intrinsic motivation, similar to how children perform curious free play. Despite recent advances in intrinsically motivated reinforcement learning (RL), sample-efficient exploration in object manipulation scenarios remains a significant challenge as most of the relevant information lies in the sparse agent-object and object-object interactions. In this paper, we propose to use structured world models to incorporate relational inductive biases in the control loop to achieve sample-efficient and interaction-rich exploration in compositional multi-object environments. By planning for future novelty inside structured world models, our method generates free-play behavior that starts to interact with objects early on and develops more complex behavior over time. Instead of using models only to compute intrinsic rewards, as commonly done, our method showcases that the self-reinforcing cycle between good models and good exploration also opens up another avenue: zero-shot generalization to downstream tasks via model-based planning. After the entirely intrinsic task-agnostic exploration phase, our method solves challenging downstream tasks such as stacking, flipping, pick & place, and throwing that generalizes to unseen numbers and arrangements of objects without any additional training.Comment: NeurIPS 2022 camera-ready versio

The effects of molecular weight on the single lap shear creep and constant strain rate behavior of thermoplastic polyimidesulfone adhesive

The bonded shear creep and constant strain rate behaviors of zero, one, and three percent endcapped thermoplastic polyimidesulfone adhesive were examined at room and elevated temperatures. Endcapping was accomplished by the addition of phthalic anhydrides. The primary objective was to determine the effects of molecular weight on the mechanical properties of the adhesive. Viscoelastic and nonlinear elastic constitutive equations were utilized to model the adhesive. Ludwik's and Crochet's relations were used to describe the experimental failure data. The effects of molecular weight changes on the above mentioned mechanical behavior were assessed. The viscoelastic Chase-Goldsmith and elastic nonlinear relations gave a good fit to the experimental stress strain behavior. Crochet's relations based on Maxwell and Chase-Goldsmith models were fit to delayed failure data. Ludwik's equations revealed negligible rate dependence. Ultimate stress levels and the safe levels for creep stresses were found to decrease as molecular weight was reduced

End-to-End Pixel-Based Deep Active Inference for Body Perception and Action

We present a pixel-based deep active inference algorithm (PixelAI) inspired by human body perception and action. Our algorithm combines the free-energy principle from neuroscience, rooted in variational inference, with deep convolutional decoders to scale the algorithm to directly deal with raw visual input and provide online adaptive inference. Our approach is validated by studying body perception and action in a simulated and a real Nao robot. Results show that our approach allows the robot to perform 1) dynamical body estimation of its arm using only monocular camera images and 2) autonomous reaching to "imagined" arm poses in the visual space. This suggests that robot and human body perception and action can be efficiently solved by viewing both as an active inference problem guided by ongoing sensory input

Updating spatial orientation in virtual environments

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Spatial reasoning in architectural design can be better understood by considering the factors that are affecting the spatial updating of the individual in an environment. This study focuses on the issue of spatial updating during rotational and translational movements in a virtual environment (VE). Rotational and translational movements based on an egocentric frame of reference via optic flow are compared separately in order to find the movement that is more efficient in spatial updating. Alignment of the objects with the viewer, different media utilized in architectural design drawings and gender are considered as factors that affect the spatial updating within the movement types. The results indicated that translational movement was more efficient in the judgment of relative directions. Furthermore, questions related to the objects that were aligned with the viewer were more correctly answered than on the misaligned ones. In comparison of hand, computer and both as drawing media, findings indicated that computer usage in architectural design drawings was the most effective medium in spatial updating process in a VE. Contrary to the previous studies, there was no significant difference between gender and movement types.Sancaktar, İpekM.S

Exploring vertical navigation within a virtual environment : a staircase experience

Ankara : The Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University, 2012.Thesis (Ph. D.) -- Bilkent University, 2012.Includes biblioraphical references 104-121.Architectural cues are configured by architects in the initial phase of design process. Local architectural cues within an environment can aid individuals during navigation and influence their spatial orientation. Staircases, as a feature of local architectural cues that provide access to the other floors in a multi-level building can have an impact on vertical navigation. This study focuses on the issue of vertical navigation during virtual navigation by integrating the individual characteristics and the geometric attributes of a staircase pair within two different multi-level desktop virtual environments (VEs). The angle between the cue pairs with respect to the same observation point is altered in order to determine the staircase pair that is more efficient in navigation. Circulation paths, gender differences, navigational abilities and cue pairs are considered to be factors that affect staircase preferences for ascending and descending. For the VE with a 180° difference between the cue pairs, there was a relationship between the ascending and descending staircases. Further analysis indicated that the staircase preference in ascending was either related to the first or last visited rooms on the ground floor. For the VE with a 90° difference between the cue pairs, no relationship was found between the ascending and descending staircases as well as with any other factor. There was no significant relationship between gender and staircase preference except for the descending staircase with 180° difference between the cue pairs and was in favor of females. In addition, there was no significant relationship between the navigational abilities and staircase preferences.Memikoğlu, İpek (Sancaktar)Ph.D

Die Entscheidung Öner Yildiz Gegen Türkei Des Europäischen Gerichtshofs Für Menschenrechte Im Zusammenhang Der Finanziellen Verantwortung Der Verwaltung Und Die Rechtswissenschaftliche Würdigung

Die Antragssteller (Ahmet Nuri Çınar, Maşallah Öneryıldız) machten in Anlehnung an Art. 2 (Lebensrecht), Art.8 (Schutz der Privatsphäre und des Familienlebens) und Art. 13 (wirksames Bewerbungsrecht) sowie Art. des Protokolls Anhang Nr. 1 (Eigentumsrecht) der europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention geltend, dass für den Tod ihrer nahen Verwandten, die sich unter 39 Menschen befanden, die infolge einer am 28. April 1993 in einem Müllabfuhrplatz der Stadtverwaltung Ümraniye Istanbul entstandenen Methanexplosion ums Leben gekommen waren, und für die Zerstörung ihrer Sachen die örtlichen Behörden verantwortlich waren. Außerdem beanstandeten sie, dass die örtlichen Behörden die im Art. 6 der europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention enthaltenen Anforderungen von Billigkeit und angemessener Frist nicht einhielten2