Low-Frequency Load Identification using CNN-BiLSTM Attention Mechanism

Non-intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) is an established technique for effective and cost-efficient electricity consumption management. The method is used to estimate appliance-level power consumption from aggregated power measurements. This paper presents a hybrid learning approach, consisting of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a bidirectional long short-term memory (BILSTM), featuring an integrated attention mechanism, all within the context of disaggregating low-frequency power data. While prior research has been mainly focused on high-frequency data disaggregation, our study takes a distinct direction by concentrating on low-frequency data. The proposed hybrid CNN-BILSTM model is adept at extracting both temporal (time-related) and spatial (location-related) features, allowing it to precisely identify energy consumption patterns at the appliance level. This accuracy is further enhanced by the attention mechanism, which aids the model in pinpointing crucial parts of the data for more precise event detection and load disaggregation. We conduct simulations using the existing low-frequency REDD dataset to assess our model performance. The results demonstrate that our proposed approach outperforms existing methods in terms of accuracy and computation time

Risk-Constrained Control of Mean-Field Linear Quadratic Systems

The risk-neutral LQR controller is optimal for stochastic linear dynamical systems. However, the classical optimal controller performs inefficiently in the presence of low-probability yet statistically significant (risky) events. The present research focuses on infinite-horizon risk-constrained linear quadratic regulators in a mean-field setting. We address the risk constraint by bounding the cumulative one-stage variance of the state penalty of all players. It is shown that the optimal controller is affine in the state of each player with an additive term that controls the risk constraint. In addition, we propose a solution independent of the number of players. Finally, simulations are presented to verify the theoretical findings.Comment: Accepted at 62nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Contro

Spike Protein Mutations and the Effects on SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike (S) glycoprotein facilitates receptor binding to initiate cell entry that is the critical initial step in the infection cycle. Due to S glycoprotein's pivotal role, in this review, we pointed to show potential functional and structural consequences of S glycoprotein and its variants, which has been related with increased viral load in humans with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Implementation of muon pair production in PHITS and verification by comparing with the muon shielding experiment at SLAC

We implemented a model of muon pair production through a real photon in PHITS and compared our calculations with data of the muon shielding experiment conducted at SLAC to verify the validity of the implemented model. Our predictions of the muon fluence induced by electrons are in good agreement with the experimental data. To understand the known differences between the calculations of the muon fluence, which have been determined using other Monte-Carlo codes, we quantitatively evaluate the fluctuations in the Monte-Carlo results due to systematic errors in multiple Coulomb scattering, differences in the approximation methods and energy loss models, and whether incoherent production is considered.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figure

Control of assembly size of poly (methacrylic acid)-grafted fullerenes in aqueous solution

We synthesized poly(methacrylic acid)-grafted fullerenes (PMA-C60) with different PMA molecular weights and investigated the assembly size formed by PMA-C60 in aqueous solution. The molecular weight of PMA strongly affects the assembly size: PMA-C60 with a larger molecular weight forms micelles with 20 nm diameters while PMA-C60 with a smaller molecular weight forms monodisperse assemblies with 200 nm hydrodynamic diameters. We succeeded in converting the large monodisperse assembly into micelles by adding either ionic species or ethanol. This result provides insight into controlling the assembly size of fullerene-containing assemblies

Update On The Code Intercomparison and Benchmark For Muon Fluence and Absorbed Dose Induced By An 18-GeV Electron Beam After Massive Iron Shielding

In 1974, Nelson, Kase and Svensson published an experimental investigation on muon shielding around SLAC high-energy electron accelerators. They measured muon fluence and absorbed dose induced by 14 and 18 GeV electron beams hitting a copper/water beamdump and attenuated in a thick steel shielding. In their paper, they compared the results with the theoretical models available at that time. In order to compare their experimental results with present model calculations, we use the modern transport Monte Carlo codes MARS15, FLUKA2011 and GEANT4 to model the experimental setup and run simulations. The results are then compared between the codes, and with the SLAC data.Comment: 14 pp. Presented paper at the 13th Meeting of the task-force on Shielding aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities (SATIF-13), HZDR, October 10-12, 2016, Dresden, Germany. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1502.0168

PVP-Grafted Fullerenes in Aqueous Solution

Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)-grafted fullerenes (PVP-C60 and PVP-C70) were synthesized by iniferter polymerization in order to fabricate water-soluble fullerene containing micelles. PVP-C60 formed micelles with hydrodynamic diameters ranging from 15 to 33 nm. The solubilization of fullerene molecules into the core of the PVP-C60 micelles was also found to control the size of the micelles. By increasing the amount of added fullerene, we gradually increased the micelle size before drastically increasing it to that of 200 nm in hydrodynamic diameter. The drastic change occurred at a critical value of the added C60/PVP monomer ratio, almost independently of the molecular weight of PVP