Risk for Death among Children with Pneumonia, Afghanistan

In Afghanistan, childhood deaths from pneumonia are high. Among 639 children at 1 hospital, the case-fatality rate was 12.1%, and 46.8% of pneumococcal serotypes detected were covered by the 13-valent vaccine. Most deaths occurred within 2 days of hospitalization; newborns and malnourished children were at risk. Vaccination could reduce pneumonia and deaths

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

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Surveillance of antibiotic consumption point prevalence survey 2014: Antimicrobial prescribing in pediatrics wards of 16 Iranian hospitals

Background: Antibiotics are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in pediatrics. Due to lack of uniformity in pediatric antimicrobial prescribing and the emergence of antibiotic resistance, appropriate drug utilization studies have been found to be crucial to evaluate whether these drugs are properly used. Methods: Data were collected between January 2014 and February 2014 in 16 Iranian pediatric hospitals using a standardized method. The point prevalence survey included all inpatient beds. Results: Of 858 children, 571 (66.6) received one or more antimicrobials. The indications were therapeutic in 60.6. The parenteral route was used in 92.5 of therapeutic indications. Ceftriaxone was the most prescribed antimicrobials for therapeutic indications (32.4) and combination-therapy was the most type of therapy in pediatric intelligent care unit (PICU). Conclusion: According to results of this study, antibiotics� prescribing in pediatrics wards of Iranian hospitals is empirical. Therefore, for quality improvement of antimicrobial use in children continuous audit process and antibiotic prescriptions require further investigation. © 2016, Academy of Medical Sciences of I.R. Iran. All right resvrved