Estructura y dinamica regenerativa de un bosque nativo montano preandino de la Region del Maule.

82 p.En Los Guindos, comuna de Longaví, provincia de Linares, Región del Maule, se estudió la estructura, organización y dinámica regenerativa en 71, 05 ha de bosque nativo. En un total de 64 parcelas con una superficie de 0,74 ha se encontraron 4 bosques diferentes. Roble, Nothofagus obliqua, y Ñirre, Nothofagus antarctica, como bosques caducifolios y como siempreverdes Canelo, Drimys winteri, con Mirtáceas y Mañío de hoja larga, Podocarpus saligna, aunque en superficie y fisionomía la dominancia del paisaje es controlada por N. obliqua. Las unidades de Ñirre, Mañío de hoja larga y Canelo con Mirtáceas se describen por primera vez para el área preandina de la región maulina. La riqueza florística alcanza a 84 especies con dominancia de las de origen autóctono como nativas y endémicas, y en el espectro de las formas de vida dominan los fanerófitos con hemicriptófitos y en las formas de crecimiento árboles con arbustos. Los bosques presentan una organización compleja multiestratificada. Cada uno con una composición florística definida aunque el 16,7% de las especies es compartida y sólo un 19,1% son propias del bosque húmedo valdiviano. El resultado sugiere que las especies de este último porcentaje representan un avance de elementos más australes y su presencia actual justificaría que la vegetación de Los Guindos se incluya en la ecorregión valdiviana. En la dinámica regenerativa las especies arbóreas tienden a una reproducción por semillas aunque la estrategia conespecifica es muy inferior respecto a la no conespecífica. La especie que mejor regenera en el lugar es Drimys winteri. Se concluye que la vegetación de Los Guindos representa una condición ecotonal con especies del bosque mesomórfico de Chile Central húmedo preandino con otras de mayor abundancia en el bosque valdiviano. Esto hecho determina que el bosque no sea un remanente de origen valdiviano. En la dinámica regenerativa si bien no es típicamente conespecífica las especies arbóreas tienden a una autorregeneración, especialmente, las de carácter higrófilo

Operational short term health impact assessment of air pollution modelling system over Europe

The last decade, scientific studies have indicated an association between air pollution to which people are exposed and wide range of adverse health outcomes. We have developed a tool which is based on a model (MM5-CMAQ) running over Europe with 50 km spatial resolution, based on EMEP annual emissions, to produce a short-term forecast of the impact on health. In order to estimate the mortality change (forecasted for the next 24 hours) we have chosen a log-linear (Poisson) regression form to estimate the concentration-response function. The parameters involved in the C-R function have been estimated based on epidemiological studies, which have been published. Finally, we have derived the relationship between concentration change and mortality change from the C-R function which is the final health impact function

Inter-Professional Collaboration and Occupational Well-Being of Physicians Who Work in Adverse Working Conditions

Inter-professional collaboration, empathy and lifelong learning, components of medical professionalism, have been associated with occupational well-being in physicians. However, it is not clear whether this role persists in adverse working conditions. This study was performed to assess whether this is the case. These three abilities, and the self-perception of somatization, exhaustion and work alienation, were measured in a sample of 60 physicians working in a hospital declared to be in an institutional emergency. A multiple regression model explained 40% of the variability of exhaustion, with a large effect size (Cohen’s-f 2 = 0.64), based on a linear relationship with teamwork (p = 0.01), and more dedication to academic (p < 0.001) and management activities (p < 0.003). Neither somatization nor alienation were predicted by empathy or lifelong learning abilities. Somatization, exhaustion, or alienation scores either explained empathy, inter-professional collaboration or lifelong learning scores. These findings indicate that, in adverse working environments, physicians with a greater sense of inter-professional collaboration or performing multi-task activities are more exposed to suffering exhaustion.Fundación Rioja Salu

Advanced displays and natural user interfaces to support learning

[EN] Advanced displays and Natural User Interfaces (NUI) are a very suitable combination for developing systems to provide an enhanced and richer user experience. This combination can be appropriate in several fields and has not been extensively exploited. One of the fields that this combination is especially suitable for is education. Nowadays, children are growing up playing with computer games, using mobile devices, and other technological devices. New learning methods that use these new technologies can help in the learning process. In this paper, two new methods that use advanced displays and NUI for learning about a period of history are presented. One of the methods is an autostereoscopic system that lets children see themselves as a background in the game and renders the elements in 3D without the need for special glasses; the second method is a frontal projection system that projects the image on a table in 2D and works similarly to a touch table. The Microsoft Kinect© is used in both systems for the interaction. A comparative study to check different aspects was carried out. A total of 128 children from 7 to 11 years old participated in the study. From the results, we observed that the different characteristics of the systems did not influence the children s acquired knowledge, engagement, or satisfaction. There were statistically significant differences for depth perception and presence in which the autostereoscopic system was scored higher. However, of the two systems, the children considered the frontal projection to be easier to use. We would like to highlight that the scores for the two systems and for all the questions were very high. These results suggest that games of this kind (advanced displays and NUI) could be appropriate educational games and that autostereoscopy is a technology to exploit in their development.This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the APRENDRA project (TIN2009-14319-C02-01).Martín San José, JF.; Juan, M.; Mollá Vayá, RP.; Vivó Hernando, RA. (2017). Advanced displays and natural user interfaces to support learning. Interactive Learning Environments. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2015.1090455

Waterlogging risk in wheat (triticum aestivum l) for different locations of the argentine wheat area

En Argentina, la producción de trigo es afectada ocasionalmente por eventos de anegamiento, cuya frecuencia depende del clima, tipo de suelo y relieve de cada zona en particular. Sin embargo, es muy escasa la información sobre el nivel de riesgo de ocurrencia de dichos anegamientos en las distintas zonas productivas de Argentina. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue cuantificar la probabilidad de ocurrencia de anegamiento durante el ciclo ontogénico de trigo en diversas localidades de la región triguera argentina, utilizando un modelo de simulación de cultivos. Para ello, se realizaron simulaciones de 33 campañas de trigo, utilizando el modelo CERES-Wheat v. 3.5, para una combinación de localidades (Bordenave, Capitán Sarmiento, Gualeguaychú, Junín y Tandil), fechas de siembra (temprana y tardía) y contenidos contrastantes de agua útil en el perfil del suelo a la siembra (valor esperado alto, medio y bajo). La probabilidad de anegamiento promedio durante el ciclo del cultivo varió entre el 7 y el 24%, dependiendo de la localidad, para una condición hídrica inicial media y fecha de siembra temprana. Dicha probabilidad se incrementó durante el período de mayor sensibilidad del cultivo al anegamiento (i.e. espiguilla terminal (ET)-floración (Fl)). Para una fecha de siembra temprana y partiendo de un suelo con contenido hídrico medio, en 1 de cada 2 años se espera que ocurran entre 2 y 7 días de anegamiento durante la etapa ET-Fl, dependiendo de la localidad. Dicho valor fue levemente mayor o menor si el contenido hídrico del suelo a la siembra era alto o bajo, respectivamente. La fecha de siembra no modificó significativamente la probabilidad de anegamiento; sin embargo, el daño que puede producir sobre el cultivo la misma cantidad de días de anegamiento en una fecha tardía sería mayor que en una fecha temprana, como consecuencia de un aumento de la demanda ambiental a la que está expuesto el cultivo. De la misma manera, en las distintas localidades, el mismo número de días de anegamiento produciría distintas magnitudes de pérdidas de rendimiento como consecuencia de diferencias en la demanda ambiental entre sitios.Fil: de San Celedonio, Romina Paola. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura; ArgentinaFil: Micheloud, José Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura; ArgentinaFil: Abeledo, Leonor Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura; ArgentinaFil: Miralles, Daniel Julio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura; ArgentinaFil: Slafer, Gustavo Ariel. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats; Españ

Effects of traffic emission reduction on urban air quality episode using WRF/Chem

Traffic emission control strategies have been tested in order to reduce the effects of traffic on pollution concentrations in Madrid (Spain) during an air quality episode with very large NOx concentrations. The meteorology-chemistry model WRF/Chem allows forecasting these effects with high spatial resolution (1 km). It was necessary to develop very detailed emission inventories with a bottom-up methodology. For traffic emissions, the traffic flow simulation model SUMO has been applied, using the real time traffic counters data, Madrid vehicle fleet distribution, and emission factors from EMEP-CORINAIR Tier 3 methodology. The base or control simulation has been compared with data from the Madrid air quality monitoring network. The control simulation reproduces satisfactorily the high NO2 concentration values. The traffic reduction strategies which were taken on 28 and 29 December 2016, did not contribute substantially to improve the air quality in Madrid

AIR POLLUTION DIFFERENCES IN SIMULATION PATTERNS BY USING MM5-CMAQ AND WRF-CMAQ: SUMMER 2003 EUROPEAN POLLUTION EPISODE

One of the most important advantages of the modern and state-of-the-art air quality modelling systems is the capability to produce air pollution forecasts and particularly for ozone. In this contribution, we have applied the CMAQ (EPA) air quality modelling system to produce ozone air quality forecasts and compare the results for the 2003 August, episode in Europe. Modern air quality modelling systems are composed by a complete, modern and robust mesoscale meteorological model and a chemical transport module. Two mesoscale meteorological models are used in this application: a) the well-known MM5 model developed by PSU/NCAR (USA) and the next generation b) mesoscale model WRF. The MM5/WRF-chemical transport model requires emission data sets according to the grid spatial and temporal resolution. In this application we have considered a model domain of more than 5000 x 5000 km with 27 km of spatial resolution, centered over Madrid city (Spain) and covering a substantial part of the North of Africa and most of the Western European region. We have used the 5-10, August, 2003 period where maximum ozone values reach around 30

A SEASONAL AND YEARLY POLLUTION STUDY BY USING WRF/CHEM AND WRF-CMAQ NESTED WITH CCSM3 GLOBAL MODEL

The importance of relating the climate variables with the air pollution concentrations in different areas in Europe is an area which is receiving a high level of attention by researchers during the last years. The climate global models are successfully reproducing the yearly and seasonal changes in meteorological variables successfully during the last 20-30 years. The air pollution concentration changes within the same period are also simulated by using last generation of air pollution models. Statistical analysis of both variables has been carried out in the present contribution. We have simulated with the CCSM3 (NCAR, USA) global model the period between 1995-2005 and compared with observational data produced by NNRP2 and other observational data sets. The CCSM3 is applied in coupled form so that the CAM3 atmospheric model is coupled with the CSIM3 model (Sea Ice Model), the Land Model CLM3 and the ocean model CCSM POP model. The POP model has been simulated during the period 1985-2005. We have simulated the 10 year period with WRF-CHEM (NCAR, USA) and WRF-CMAQ (EPA, USA) over the European domain nested within CCSM3 global model. The model simulation domain includes the whole Europe with 54 km spatial horizontal resolution and 23 vertical layers. The results show that pollution concentrations and meteorological variables are correlated for seasonal and yearly periods. The PM10 and PM2.5 aerosol concentration feedbacks as a response to temperature changes are also shown