Experiências e desafios da proposta do Mais Educação na perspectiva da educação integral em jornada ampliada nas escolas municipais de Erechim/RS

The research supported the theme "Advances and / or retreats in the process of teaching and learning from the More Education program and the proposal of Integral Education in Extended Journey", aims to identify the advances and weaknesses of the teaching and learning process in the initial years of Elementary Education In the Municipality of Erechim, after the implementation of the proposal of More Education, to verify the impacts of this educational policy on the pedagogical work of the And in the integral development of students. From this perspective it seeks to answer the problematic: Has the implementation of the More Education and Integral Education in Extended Day Program in the Municipal Schools of the Municipality of Erechim contributed to the development of the teaching and learning of the students of the initial years of Elementary School? The proposal of this work is inserted in a qualitative approach, classifying it as descriptive and interpretive, under the configuration of bibliographical and field research using interview and closed questionnaire. The More Education Program was created in 2007 with the aim of promoting the integral education of children and adolescents, and the municipality of Erechim began its implementation in municipal schools in 2010, a major challenge for schools. From the questionnaires answered by Elementary School I teachers and the More Education program monitors, there is a lack of understanding about the objectives and purposes of the extended day's proposal, which ends up generating a negative evaluation and a resistance in accepting the proposal. The managers, in the interviews, evaluate the program More Education as positive for learning, but highlight points that need to be reassessed. In this sense, it is essential to propose a training to all those involved in the educational process of each school, to promote discussion and study about the objectives and operation of the extended day and the More Education program, as well as a participatory planning for Define actions and strategies for its implementation in school.There are advances in student learning, the gap between the real and the ideal is not far to be achieved, but a long way still needs to be addressed in order for the full-time proposal to achieve the expected results in all Erechim municipal schools.A pesquisa apoiada ao tema “Avanços e/ou recuos no processo ensino e aprendizagem a partir do programa Mais Educação e da proposta de Educação Integral em Jornada Ampliada”, objetiva identificar os avanços e fragilidades do processo ensino e aprendizagem nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental do município de Erechim, após a implementação da proposta do Mais Educação, para verificar os impactos desta política educacional no trabalho pedagógico dos professores e no desenvolvimento integral dos estudantes. Nessa perspectiva busca resposta a problemática: A implantação do Programa Mais Educação e da Educação Integral em Jornada Ampliada nas Escolas Municipais do Município de Erechim têm contribuído para o desenvolvimento do ensino e aprendizagem dos estudantes dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental? A proposta deste trabalho insere-se numa abordagem qualitativa, classificando-a descritiva e interpretativa, sob a configuração de pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo utilizando entrevista e questionário fechado. O Programa Mais Educação foi instituído no ano de 2007, com a finalidade de fomentar a educação integral de crianças e adolescentes e o município de Erechim iniciou a sua implementação nas escolas municipais no ano de 2010, sendo um grande desafio para as escolas. A partir dos questionários respondidos pelos professores dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental e monitores do Programa Mais Educação evidencia-se a falta de compreensão sobre os objetivos e finalidades da proposta da jornada ampliada, o que acaba por gerar uma avaliação negativa e uma resistência em aceitar a proposta. Já as gestoras, nas entrevistas, avaliam o programa Mais Educação como positivo para aprendizagem, mas destacam pontos que precisam ser reavaliados. Nesse sentido, torna-se essencial propor uma formação a todos os envolvidos no processo educativo de cada escola, que promova a discussão e o estudo acerca dos objetivos e funcionamento da jornada ampliada e do programa Mais Educação, bem como, um planejamento participativo para definir ações e estratégias para a sua implementação na escola. Existem avanços na aprendizagem dos estudantes, a distância entre o real e o ideal não está tão longe de ser alcançado, mas um longo caminho ainda precisa ser percorrido para que a proposta do tempo integral alcance os resultados esperados em todas as escolas municipais de Erechim

Assessing the lack of intolerant macroinvertebrate species in a low order peri-urban stream

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ecologia, apresentada ao Departamento de Ciências da Vida da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.Mais de metade da população mundial vive em zonas urbanas (54%) e é previsto um aumento neste valor num futuro próximo. O aumento da urbanização leva a uma maior pressão exercida sobre os cursos de água, resultando numa degradação fisico-quimica e ecológica, um fenómeno conhecido como “Urban Stream Syndrome”. Os macroinvertebrados aquáticos, especialmente os pertencentes a ordens mais intolerantes à poluição como os Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera são muitas vezes usados como indicadores biológicos. Neste estudo avaliei durante 7 dias em experiências laboratoriais, a qualidade da água e alimento de um curso de água de pequena ordem usando os macroinvertebrados trituradores Leuctridae, Sericostomatidae e Tipulidae. Não houve efeito da água e alimento na sobrevivência dos macroinvertebrados. Excepto para os mais tolerantes (Tipulidae), as taxas de consumo do alimento proveniente do curso de água urbano foram maiores que as taxas de consumo do alimento proveniente do curso de água controlo, especialmente para os macroinvertebrados mantidos em água do curso de água urbano. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a fraca qualidade do alimento, provavelmente devido a uma baixa colonização microbial e a degradação da qualidade da água, provavelmente devido a fontes de poluição não pontuais, impedem o estabelecimento destes trituradores intolerantes à poluição no curso de água em estudo.More than half of the world’s population lives in urban zones (54%) and the value is expected to increase in a near future. The increase in urbanization led to increasing pressures on streams resulting in physicochemical and ecological degradation, a phenomenon known as the ’Urban Stream Syndrome‘. Aquatic macroinvertebrates, especially the more pollution intolerant orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera, are often used as bioindicators. In this study I assessed, via 7 days laboratory experiments, the quality of water and food of a low order urban stream using the macroinvertebrate shredders Leuctridae, Sericostomatidae and Tipulidae. There was no effect of water or food quality in survival. Except for the more tolerant Tipulidae, consumption rates of urban food were higher than consumption rates of control food, especially for macroinvertebrates kept in urban water. The obtained results suggest that poor food quality, probably due to lower microbial colonization, and water quality degradation, probably due to non-point pollution sources, prevent the establishment of intolerant shredders in the strea

Experimental study of the interference in air curtains due to the parallel transfer in front of refrigerated display cases

Refrigerated display cases used to expose perishable food for sale in convenience stores and supermarkets are subject to human interference. Clients and repositories transit in front of display cases and frequently remove or place food products on the shelves depending on sales volume. This movement is part of the trade, although it has consequences on the display case performance. Each interference drags or breaks the air curtain resulting in the modification of air flow and promoting the ambient air thermal entrainment that consequently change the equipment's working conditions and increase 2% to 5% its energy consumption. This experimental study quantifies the air temperature increase and the energy consumption increase when there is an interference drag due to people inside the store passing parallel to the frontal opening of the display case. The tests were performed using a robotic mannequin that systematically transfers around the display case (5 minutes lap during 24 hours) and parallel to the frontal opening of the refrigerated display case with a translation velocity of 0.6 m/s. The results show that the products temperature increases 16% and the energy consumption increases 4.6% due to the air movement generated by the robotic mannequin transfer. These results are part of a more complex evaluation of the air curtain interference by humans to be used in the development of new products on an industrial scale.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Experimental and Numerical quantitative evaluation of the thermal performance of refrigerated display cabinets with variation of air curtain thickness and porosity of the back panel

Open multideck display cabinets are widely used to expose perishable products in supermarkets and convenience stores. This paper reports the results of experimental tests performed according to ISO23953 in an open multideck refrigerated display cabinet to assess the impact on the thermal performance by varying the width of the discharge air grille and the perforation density of the back panel. The experimental laboratory tests were conducted for climate class n.° 3 (25° C and 60%). The results evaluation shows that the perforation density of the back panel and the width of discharge air grille alter significantly the thermal entrainment factor and the energy consumption of the equipment. The best performance configuration showed a 10% reduction of the cooling load. The analysis of the results provides valuable information for the development of these equipmentsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Experimental comparison at open and closed vertical multidecks display cases at standard and tropical environmental conditions

This paper reports the results of experimental tests performed according to ISO 23953 in vertical open and closed multideck display cases to evaluate the influence of double glass doors in the direct energy consumption, product simulator temperature, evaporator total condensed water mass, total heat load and total energy consumption. Tests were performed at climate classes n.º 3 (Ta = 25°C; a = 60%) and n.º 6 (Ta = 27°C; a = 70%). The direct energy consumption is 46% higher at the closed display case due to the heat load generated by the heated glass doors frame and defrost heaters. The product simulator temperature is higher and more stable at the open display case. The highest product simulator temperature is lower (-1.4°C) at the closed display case and less stable (+2.7°C variation) due to the opening doors period. The total mass of condensed water at the evaporator is reduced 87% and the total energy consumption is 58% lower at the closed display case. In conclusion, the estimated total energy consumption (compressor and components) is reduced at the glass doors display case. Thus, it is verified that the use of refrigeration equipment closed to ambient air is increasingly seen as the definitive solution, given the current concerns with energy consumption and sustainability of the heat exchange processes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Relevant parameters on the energy efficiency of closed refrigerated multideck display cases

The application of closed refrigerated multideck display cases (CRDC) and electronic fans is slowly increasing in Brazilians supermarkets, following the international trend. In order to obtain energy savings, this paper reports the results of experimental tests performed in a CRDC according to ISO 23953 to evaluate the influence of (1) environmental conditions, (2) gaps between doors and (3) fans type on the overall performance of a display case. Experimental laboratory tests were performed on two different conditions of temperature and relative humidity of the ambient air (Tamb=25°C; amb=60% and Tamb=27°C; amb=70%), with electromagnetic and electronic fans, and with and without gaps between doors. The analysis and discussion of experimental results include the comparison of compressor energy consumption, total heat load, total condensed water collected on defrost periods and air and product temperatures. The experimental data analysis provides valuable information to set the operative parameters of the CRDC taking into account usual in-store conditions in Brazil.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Grau de conhecimento a respeito do Código Florestal Brasileiro (Lei nº 12.651) por parte de agricultores familiares que atuam nas feiras livres do município de Confresa-MT

O presente artigo teve como objetivo verificar o grau de conhecimento dos feirantes, agricultores familiares, do município de Confresa-MT, a respeito do Código Florestal Brasileiro (Lei nº 12.651). Para isso, foi realizada uma entrevista com 26 agricultores familiares que atuam nas feiras livres do município de Confresa-MT. As respostas dadas por esse público despertam uma grande preocupação, tendo em vista revelar a pouca presença dos atores públicos responsável pela temática da questão ambiental, como a visita de órgãos de fiscalização ambiental. Provavelmente devido aquela pouca presença dos atores públicos em questão, este estudo também mostrou que esses agricultores têm baixo grau de conhecimento de temas relacionados àquela Lei, como área de Preservação Permanente ou de Reserva Legal. Embora o padrão de respostas obtido no presente estudo mostre que os mesmos não tem sido alvo de políticas públicas de fiscalização e/ou de educação ambiental, esse estudo também revelou que o público entrevistado possui uma considerável consciência ambiental

Impact of different lighting configurations in energy consumption of glass doors multideck display cases

This paper reports the results of experimental tests performed in a glass doors multideck display case for medium temperature. This type of equipment considers a large reduction in the thermal load due the use of doors, however, a large part of the energy consumption is coming from the lighting. Experimental tests were performed with different types of lighting setup to measure the energy consumption and its consequent impact on the thermal load. The configurations tested were: fluorescent lamps and LED, both tested in horizontal (under the shelves) positioning and only LED were tested in vertical (next to the doors) positioning. Comparing with fluorescent lamps, experimental results show that LED illumination under the shelves reduces the direct energy consumption in 41% and the LED in vertical position results in 74% of energy economy. The illuminance depends on the position at which the measurement is made, LED illumination under the shelves results in a variation of -26 to +31% and LED in vertical position results in a variation of -50 to +422%. The LED illumination in vertical positioning is the best alternative to save energy and highlight the products exhibited.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio