A systematic review of speech recognition technology in health care

BACKGROUND To undertake a systematic review of existing literature relating to speech recognition technology and its application within health care. METHODS A systematic review of existing literature from 2000 was undertaken. Inclusion criteria were: all papers that referred to speech recognition (SR) in health care settings, used by health professionals (allied health, medicine, nursing, technical or support staff), with an evaluation or patient or staff outcomes. Experimental and non-experimental designs were considered. Six databases (Ebscohost including CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE including the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, OVID Technologies, PreMED-LINE, PsycINFO) were searched by a qualified health librarian trained in systematic review searches initially capturing 1,730 references. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were retained. RESULTS The heterogeneity of the studies made comparative analysis and synthesis of the data challenging resulting in a narrative presentation of the results. SR, although not as accurate as human transcription, does deliver reduced turnaround times for reporting and cost-effective reporting, although equivocal evidence of improved workflow processes. CONCLUSIONS SR systems have substantial benefits and should be considered in light of the cost and selection of the SR system, training requirements, length of the transcription task, potential use of macros and templates, the presence of accented voices or experienced and in-experienced typists, and workflow patterns.Funding for this study was provided by the University of Western Sydney. NICTA is funded by the Australian Government through the Department of Communications and the Australian Research Council through the ICT Centre of Excellence Program. NICTA is also funded and supported by the Australian Capital Territory, the New South Wales, Queensland and Victorian Governments, the Australian National University, the University of New South Wales, the University of Melbourne, the University of Queensland, the University of Sydney, Griffith University, Queensland University of Technology, Monash University and other university partners

Understanding the practice of \u27Specialling\u27 older people with cognitive impairment in hospital by using Concept Analysis

Population ageing is a success story of our time. Unfortunately healthcare, especially in hospitals has been slow to adapt to the changing needs of the community

Generation Y Health Professional Students’ Preferred Teaching and Learning Approaches: A Systematic Review

Generation Y or Millennials are descriptors for those born between 1982 and 2000. This cohort has grown up in the digital age and is purported to have different learning preferences from previous generations. Students are important stakeholders in identifying their preferred teaching and learning approaches in health professional programs. This study aimed to identify, appraise, and synthesize the best available evidence regarding the teaching and learning preferences of Generation Y health professional students. The review considered any objectively measured or self-reported outcomes of teaching and learning reported from Generation Y health professional student perspectives. In accordance with a previously published Joanna Briggs Institute Protocol, a three-step search strategy was completed. Two research articles (nursing and dental hygiene students) and three dissertations (nursing) were critically appraised. All studies were cross-sectional descriptive studies. A range of pedagogical approaches was reported, including lecture, group work, and teaching clinical skills. Based on the Joanna Briggs Institute levels of evidence, reviewers deemed the evidence as Level 3. Some generational differences were reported, but these were inconsistent across the studies reviewed. There is, therefore, insufficient evidence to provide specific recommendations for the preferred educational approaches of health professional students and further research is warranted

Effects of person-centered care at the organizational-level for people with dementia. A systematic review

The aim of the systematic review was to determine the effectiveness of organizational-level person-centered care for people living with dementia in relation to their quality of life, mood, neuropsychiatric symptoms and function. ALOIS, the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group Specialised Register databases, were searched up to June 2018 using the terms dementia OR cognitive impairment OR Alzheimer AND non-pharmacological AND personhood OR person-centered care. Reviewed studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cluster-randomized trials (CRTs) and quasi-experimental studies that compared outcomes of person-centered care and usual (non-person-centered) care, for people with a diagnosis of dementia. The search yielded 12 eligible studies with a total of 2599 people living with dementia in long-term care homes, 600 receiving hospital care and 293 living in extra-care community housing. Random-effects models were used to pool adjusted risk ratios and standard mean differences from all studies; the findings were assessed followed the PRISMA guidelines and GRADE criteria. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 method and Chi2 P value; studies with low statistical heterogeneity were analyzed using a random-effects model with restricted maximum likelihood estimation in R. Analyses of pre/post data within 12 months identified: a significant effect for quality of life (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.16 and 95% CI 0.03 to 0.28; studies = 6; I2 = 22%); non-significant effects for neuropsychiatric symptoms (SMD 0.06, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.19; studies = 4; I2 = 0%) and well-being (SMD 0.15, 95% CI -0.15 to 0.45; studies = 4; I2 = 77%); and no effects for agitation (SMD -0.05 (95% CI -0.17 to -0.07; studies 5; I2 = 0%) and depression (SMD -0.06 and 95% CI -0.27 to 0.15, studies = 5; I2 = 53%). The evidence from this review recommends implementation of person-centered care at the organizational-level to support the quality of life of people with living with dementia

A psychometric analysis of the Caring Assessment Tool version V

Aim The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure and construct validity of the Caring Assessment Tool version V (CAT‐V) for patients in Australian hospitals. Design Secondary analysis of CAT‐V surveys from the Australian Nursing Outcomes Collaborative (AUSNOC) data set was used. The CAT was originally developed in the United States of America. Methods The 27‐item CAT‐V was administered to patients prior to discharge from eight wards in three Australian hospitals in 2016. The psychometric properties of the CAT were evaluated using item analysis and exploratory factor analyses. Results Item analysis of surveys from 476 participants showed high levels of perceived caring behaviours and actions. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two‐factor structure consisting of: Nurse-patient communication; and Feeling cared for. The CAT‐V is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring patients\u27 perceptions of the attitudes and actions of nurses in Australia

A systematic review of speech recognition technology in health care

Background To undertake a systematic review of existing literature relating to speech recognition technology and its application within health care. Methods A systematic review of existing literature from 2000 was undertaken. Inclusion criteria were: all papers that referred to speech recognition (SR) in health care settings, used by health professionals (allied health, medicine, nursing, technical or support staff), with an evaluation or patient or staff outcomes. Experimental and non-experimental designs were considered. Six databases (Ebscohost including CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE including the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, OVID Technologies, PreMED-LINE, PsycINFO) were searched by a qualified health librarian trained in systematic review searches initially capturing 1,730 references. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were retained. Results The heterogeneity of the studies made comparative analysis and synthesis of the data challenging resulting in a narrative presentation of the results. SR, although not as accurate as human transcription, does deliver reduced turnaround times for reporting and cost-effective reporting, although equivocal evidence of improved workflow processes. Conclusions SR systems have substantial benefits and should be considered in light of the cost and selection of the SR system, training requirements, length of the transcription task, potential use of macros and templates, the presence of accented voices or experienced and in-experienced typists, and workflow patterns

Generation Y Health Professional Students’ Preferred Teaching and Learning Approaches: A Systematic Review

Generation Y or Millennials are descriptors for those born between 1982 and 2000. This cohort has grown up in the digital age and is purported to have different learning preferences from previous generations. Students are important stakeholders in identifying their preferred teaching and learning approaches in health professional programs. This study aimed to identify, appraise, and synthesize the best available evidence regarding the teaching and learning preferences of Generation Y health professional students. The review considered any objectively measured or self-reported outcomes of teaching and learning reported from Generation Y health professional student perspectives. In accordance with a previously published Joanna Briggs Institute Protocol, a three-step search strategy was completed. Two research articles (nursing and dental hygiene students) and three dissertations (nursing) were critically appraised. All studies were cross-sectional descriptive studies. A range of pedagogical approaches was reported, including lecture, group work, and teaching clinical skills. Based on the Joanna Briggs Institute levels of evidence, reviewers deemed the evidence as Level 3. Some generational differences were reported, but these were inconsistent across the studies reviewed. There is, therefore, insufficient evidence to provide specific recommendations for the preferred educational approaches of health professional students and further research is warranted

The effectiveness of using human patient simulation manikins in the teaching of clinical reasoning skills to undergraduate nursing students: a systematic review

Bachelor Honours - Bachelor of Nursing (Honours)Background: Nurses with effective clinical reasoning skills have a positive impact on patient outcomes. Conversely, those with poor clinical reasoning skills often fail to detect impending patient deterioration thus compromising patient safety. Human patient simulation manikins are being used extensively both nationally and internationally in the education of health professionals. There is evidence suggesting that these types of technologies are effective in teaching psychomotor skills and student satisfaction with simulation approaches is generally high. However, the extent to which human patient simulation manikins are effective in the teaching of clinical reasoning skills to undergraduate nursing students is less clear. Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to identify the best available evidence on the effectiveness of using whole-body high-fidelity human patient simulation manikin to teach clinical reasoning skills to undergraduate nursing students. Inclusion criteria: The review included all randomised controlled trials that assessed the effectiveness of high fidelity human patient manikins in educating undergraduate nursing students. Studies that included health professionals were excluded unless data for nursing students were analysed separately. The primary outcome measure was clinical reasoning, as assessed by methods such as objective structured clinical examinations and questionnaires. Other outcome measures included student satisfaction, knowledge acquisition, and psychomotor skill performance. Search strategy: Using a systematic search strategy designed for each database, the following electronic databases were searched for the period 1999 -2009: CINAHL, Cochrane Database, Dissertation and Theses, EMBASE, ERIC, MEDLINE, Ovid database, Proquest Nursing Journals, PsycINFO. Hand searching of the reference lists of included studies and conference proceedings were undertaken to identify further studies.: Methodological validity: Two independent reviewers’ assessed the methodological quality of each study selected for retrieval prior to inclusion using the critical appraisal tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data collection and synthesis: Data were extracted from studies using the standardised data extraction tool from Joanna Briggs Institute. Due to the quality of available studies, statistical pooling was not possible and the findings are therefore presented in narrative form. Results: Eight studies were selected for inclusion in this review. The results indicate that the use of human patient simulation manikins improves knowledge acquisition and enhanced students’ satisfaction with the learning. There is lack of unequivocal evidence on the effectiveness of using high-fidelity human patient simulation manikins in the teaching of clinical reasoning skills to undergraduate nursing students. Conclusion: Further research is required to ascertain the effectiveness of the use of human patient simulation manikins as an educational strategy to improve clinical reasoning skills of undergraduate nursing students. The importance of this research is underscored by the potential for patient outcomes to be improved through improved clinical reasoning skills in graduate nurses

Studying the Effects of Film Policies and Public Funding Bodies on the UK Independent Film Industry

This thesis seeks to answer the following research question through a qualitatively analytical approach: “How do current film policies and public funding bodies affect the UK independent film industry?” The EU allows states, including the UK, to intervene in certain markets that are deemed culturally relevant and are vulnerable to market failure. As a result, states provide state aid to film activities due to the cultural, economic, and employment benefits of national film industries. However, the UK government harbors a rocky and contentious history regarding its intervention in the British film industry. The government has largely invited Hollywood projects to conduct production in the country due to the generous tax benefits provided to films with large production expenditures. However, this uptick in production activity due to Hollywood migration does not seem to be helping the UK independent film sector—an industry where films are financed and creatively controlled by British production companies. Such sector has been described as struggling, undercapitalized, fragmented, and subject to market failure. In order to help the independent sector specifically, the UK formed the UK Film Council in 2000 to administer aid to approved independent productions. While a central public funding body was seen as a launching point for the independent sector to grab footing and reach sustainability, the UK Film Council was widely considered a failure due to its investment in commercial flops with no cultural relevance, inability to establish indigenous film sector sustainability, and destructive objective misalignment between producers and the Council. As a result, the Conservative-led Coalition government axed the body and transferred all funding responsibilities to the British Film Institute in 2011. In this thesis, I explore how the current British Film Institute and film policy landscape affects the UK independent film industry. My motivation behind such research is a gap in qualitative literature that reflects and evaluates the Institute and current landscape. As a result, I interviewed twelve UK independent film producers from various budget and company location backgrounds to study the scope of effects. I found that producers experience film policy and public funding body influence under the following seven thematic spheres: 1.) Freedom, Transparency, Unity, and a Commitment to Culture, 2.) Problems due to London-Centric Operations, 3.) The Relationships Between Public, Industry, and Private Investors, 4.) Undervaluing the Role of the Producer, 5.) The Lack of Socioeconomic Diversity, 6.) The Benefits and Challenges of the Tax Relief System, and 7.) Implications of the UK’s Relationship with Europe