THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DYNAMIC TRUNK STABILITY AND LOWER EXTREMITY AND TRUNK BIOMECHANICS DURING A CUTTING TASK

The Correlation Between Dynamic Trunk Stability and Lower Extremity and Trunk Biomechanics During a Cutting Task Purpose: Examine the relationship between trunk neuromuscular control (NMC) during unstable-sitting (UST) and trunk and knee biomechanics during an athletic cutting task (ACT). Design: Descriptive Laboratory Study. Methods: Participants performed UST and ACT. Center of pressure (CoP) sway data were collected during UST. Peak triplanar trunk and knee biomechanics were collected during ACT. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were calculated among CoP data, and trunk and knee biomechanics. Results: Greater CoP sway area (r = -0.548, p = 0.006) and path (r = - 0.407, p = 0.032) measures were associated with greater knee extension moment magnitudes. Transverse plane trunk angle was positively associated with both knee varus moment (r = 0.371, p = 0.043), and transverse plane trunk angle (r = 0.587, p = 0.001). Conclusion: There is evidence of a relationship between trunk NMC and ACL injury risk factors. Key Words: ACL Injury, Trunk Stability, Core, ACL Injury Risk FactorsMaster of Art

Targeting Net Zero Energy at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar: Assessment and Recommendations

In 2008, the Department of Defense (DoD) and Department of Energy (DOE) defined a joint initiative to address military energy use by identifying specific actions to reduce energy demand and increase use of renewable energy on DoD installations. A Task Force comprised of representatives from the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the four military Services, DOE’s Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP), and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) was established. In light of DoD priorities, early attention was given to the possibility of net zero energy military installations (NZEI), that is, installations that would meet their energy needs with local renewable resources. Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) The Task Force selected Miramar to be the prototype installation for net zero energy assessment and planning. This selection was based on Miramar’s strong history of energy advocacy and extensive track record of successful energy projects

Distance-dependent pattern blending can camouflage salient aposematic signals

The effect of viewing distance on the perception of visual texture is well known: spatial frequencies higher than the resolution limit of an observer's visual system will be summed and perceived as a single combined colour. In animal defensive colour patterns, distance-dependent pattern blending may allow aposematic patterns, salient at close range, to match the background to distant observers. Indeed, recent research has indicated that reducing the distance from which a salient signal can be detected can increase survival over camouflage or conspicuous aposematism alone. We investigated whether the spatial frequency of conspicuous and cryptically coloured stripes affects the rate of avian predation. Our results are consistent with pattern blending acting to camouflage salient aposematic signals effectively at a distance. Experiments into the relative rate of avian predation on edible model caterpillars found that increasing spatial frequency (thinner stripes) increased survival. Similarly, visual modelling of avian predators showed that pattern blending increased the similarity between caterpillar and background. These results show how a colour pattern can be tuned to reveal or conceal different information at different distances, and produce tangible survival benefits

Probing Anomalous Wtb Coupling via Single Top Production at TeV Energy γ\gamma e Colliders

Results of complete tree level calculations of the single top production reaction $\gamma e \to \nu \bar{t} b$ at the Next Linear Collider, including the contribution of anomalous operators to the Wtb coupling are presented. The sensitivity for probing the structure of the Wtb coupling in a model independent way is analyzed and found to be significantly higher than for comparable measurements at the Tevatron.Comment: 10 Latex pages including 1 ps-figure and 3 eps-figure

An introduction to Elinor Glyn : her life and legacy

This special issue of Women: A Cultural Review re-evaluates an author who was once a household name, beloved by readers of romance, and whose films were distributed widely in Europe and the Americas. Elinor Glyn (1864–1943) was a British author of romantic fiction who went to Hollywood and became famous for her movies. She was a celebrity figure of the 1920s, and wrote constantly in Hearst's press. She wrote racy stories which were turned into films—most famously, Three Weeks (1924) and It (1927). These were viewed by the judiciary as scandalous, but by others—Hollywood and the Spanish Catholic Church—as acceptably conservative. Glyn has become a peripheral figure in histories of this period, marginalized in accounts of the youth-centred ‘flapper era’. Decades on, the idea of the ‘It Girl’ continues to have great pertinence in the post-feminist discourses of the twenty-first century. The 1910s and 1920s saw the development of intermodal networks between print, sound and screen cultures. This introduction to Glyn's life and legacy reviews the cross-disciplinary debate sparked by renewed interest in Glyn by film scholars and literary and feminist historians, and offers a range of views of Glyn's cultural and historical significance and areas for future research

Mechanically operated signalling scaffolds.

Cellular signalling is a complex process and involves cascades of enzymes that, in response to a specific signal, give rise to exact cellular responses. Signalling scaffold proteins organise components of these signalling pathways in space and time to co-ordinate signalling outputs. In this review we introduce a new class of mechanically operated signalling scaffolds that are built into the cytoskeletal architecture of the cell. These proteins contain force-dependent binary switch domains that integrate chemical and mechanical signals to introduce quantised positional changes to ligands and persistent alterations in cytoskeletal architecture providing mechanomemory capabilities. We focus on the concept of spatial organisation, and how the cell organises signalling molecules at the plasma membrane in response to specific signals to create order and distinct signalling outputs. The dynamic positioning of molecules using binary switches adds an additional layer of complexity to the idea of scaffolding. The switches can spatiotemporally organise enzymes and substrates dynamically, with the introduction of ∼50 nm quantised steps in distance between them as the switch patterns change. Together these different types of signalling scaffolds and the proteins engaging them, provide a way for an ordering of molecules that extends beyond current views of the cell

Aposematism:balancing salience and camouflage

Aposematic signals are often characterized by high conspicuousness. Larger and brighter signals reinforce avoidance learning, distinguish defended from palatable prey and are more easily memorized by predators. Conspicuous signalling, however, has costs: encounter rates with naive, specialized or nutritionally stressed predators are likely to increase. It has been suggested that intermediate levels of aposematic conspicuousness can evolve to balance deterrence and detectability, especially for moderately defended species. The effectiveness of such signals, however, has not yet been experimentally tested under field conditions. We used dough caterpillar-like baits to test whether reduced levels of aposematic conspicuousness can have survival benefits when predated by wild birds in natural conditions. Our results suggest that, when controlling for the number and intensity of internal contrast boundaries (stripes), a reduced-conspicuousness aposematic pattern can have a survival advantage over more conspicuous signals, as well as cryptic colours. Furthermore, we find a survival benefit from the addition of internal contrast for both high and low levels of conspicuousness. This adds ecological validity to evolutionary models of aposematic saliency and the evolution of honest signalling