The volume of the dental pulp chamber determined by using cone-beam computed tomography

Tissue Engineering and Cell Cultures laboratory, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy of the Republic of MoldovaIntroduction. Cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging is a valuable tool in dental practice. It is widely used in endodontic treatment for the root canal morphology examination. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use CBCT to calculate the volume of the pulp chamber at different tooth groups. Aim of the study. of this study was to verify whether clinical use of CBCT imaging can accurately acquire parameters concerning molar pulp chamber landmarks, which are important data to help start a successful way to calculate the number of stem cells in the dental pulp. Material and methods. This study conforms to protocols approved and in accordance with the ethics committee's requirements, informed consent was obtained from each patient. Morphologic measurements of 120 maxillary and 120 mandibular molars (from 40 patients, aged 18–45 years) were included in this study. CBCT images were taken using a Kodak 9500 (Dental Systems, Carestream Health) operated at 90 kVp with a voxel size of 300 mm and a field of view of 90 150 mm. All scans were taken following the manufacturer’s recommendation protocol. According to the examination requirements, C-shaped roots, single-rooted molars, crowned teeth, and teeth with caries and/ or restorations violating the pulp chamber were excluded. All measurements were taken on the coronal plane view. Results and disscution. In the present study, we used CBCT imaging to gather information regarding pulp chamber volume. With the scanned 3-dimensional images, we were able to clinically determine the pulp chamber parameters using a standardized and defined spatial approach. Conclusions. The data we collected here serve as a proof of principle for the analysis of dental landmarks before colecting stem cells. In this particular study, existing CBCT scans were used to provide useful information that can be used as a guide for determine volume of the pulp chamber

Stem cells in dental care

Introduction: Tooth loss compromises human oral health. Although several prosthetic methods, such as artificial denture and dental implants, are clinical therapies to tooth loss problems, they are thought to have safety and usage time issues. Probably, development of stem cell research will, over time, transform dental practice in a magnitude for greater than did dental implants. Recently, tooth tissue engineering has attracted more and more attention. Stem cell based tissue engineering is thought to be a promising way to replace the missing tooth. This review outlines the recent progress in mesenchymal stem cell research and use in tooth regeneration, oral and craniofacial applications. Methods: The study was effectuated on 25 extracted pigs teeth aged between 2-3 months. The cells were obtained from dental pulp fermentation in 0,25% dispase I for 10 min at 37 °C. The cells were cultivated in 24 well in triplicate, in DMEM, 10% FBS, 5%C02, 96% humidity, 37°C. Results: The cells were cultivated in 0,5xl06 per well, in 24 well culture dish during five days. At the end of this period cells were colored by Romanovski and counted under the light microscope. The number of the cells after seven days cultivation were: 4,5 millions in one ml. of suspension. Conclusions: Despite the rapid findings and wealth of data provided by in vitro and in vivo approaches in the field of dental regeneration, further research studies are required before pulp regeneration and even tooth restoration can be applied in dentistry. However, all data also confirm a realistic feasibility of dental tissue repair in the near future. It is obvious that our knowledge in dental tissue engineering expands rapidly. Stem cells from a tiny amount of tissue, such as the dental pulp, can be multiplied or expanded potentially to sufficient numbers for healing large, clinically relevant defects. Stem cells can differentiate into multiple cell lineages, thus providing the possibility that a common (stem) cell source can heal many tissues in the same patient, as opposed to the principle of harvesting healthy tissue to heal like tissue in association with autologous tissue grafting. Referring to previous findings, future experiments should be focused on the design of a highly sophisticated biological based scaffold system, which would greatly improve tooth viability and health maintenance in dentistry

The volume of the dental pulp chamber determinig by using Cone-beam computed tomography

Introduction. Cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging is a valuable tool in dental practice. It is widely used in endodontic treatment for the root canal morphology examination. The aim of this study was to verify whether clinical use of CBCT imaging can accurately acquire parameters concerning molar pulp chamber landmarks, which are important data to help start a successful way to calculate the number of stem cells in the dental pulp. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use CBCT to calculate the volume of the pulp chamber at different tooth groups. Material and methods. This study conforms to protocols approved and in accordance with the ethics committee’s requirements, informed consent was obtained from each patient. Morphologic measurements of 120 maxillary and 120 mandibular molars (from 40 patients, aged 18-45 years) were included in this study. CBCT images were taken using a Kodak 9500 (Dental Systems, Carestream Health) operated at 90 kVp with a voxel size of 300 mm and a field of view of 90 150 mm. All scans were taken following the manufacturer’s recommendation protocol. According to the examination requirements, C-shaped roots, single-rooted molars, crowned teeth, and teeth with caries and/ or restorations violating the pulp chamber were excluded. All measurements were taken on the coronal plane view. Results. In the present study, we used CBCT imaging to gather information regarding pulp chamber volume. With the scanned 3-dimensional images, we were able to clinically determine the pulp chamber parameters using a standardized and defined spatial approach. Conclusions. The data we collected here serve as a proof of principle for the analysis of dental landmarks before colecting stem cells. In this particular study, existing CBCT scans were used to provide useful information that can be used as a guide for determine volume of the pulp chamber

The dental pulp chamber evaluation by using cone-beam computed tomography

Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Cells Culture, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, the Republic of MoldovaAbstract. Background: Cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging is a valuable tool in dental practice. It is widely used in endodontic treatment for the root canal morphology examination. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use CBCT to calculate the volume of the pulp chamber at different tooth groups. Material and methods: This study conforms to protocols approved and in accordance with the ethics committee’s requirements, informed consent was obtained from each patient. Morphologic measurements of 120 maxillary and 120 mandibular molars (from 40 patients, aged 18–45 years) were included in this study. CBCT images were taken using a Kodak 9500 (Dental Systems, Carestream Health) operated at 90 kVp with a voxel size of 300 mm and a field of view of 90-50 mm. All scans were taken following the manufacturer’s recommendation protocol. According to the examination requirements, C-shaped roots, single-rooted molars, crowned teeth, and teeth with caries and/or restorations violating the pulp chamber were excluded. All measurements were taken on the coronal plane view. Results: In the present study, we used CBCT imaging to gather information regarding pulp chamber volume. With the scanned 3-dimensional images, we were able to clinically determine the pulp chamber parameters using a standardized and defined spatial approach. Conclusions: The data we collected here serve as a proof of principle for the analysis of dental landmarks before collecting stem cells. In this particular study, existing CBCT scans were used to provide useful information that can be used as a guide to determine the volume of the pulp chamber

Clinical, evolutive aspects and treatment approaches in acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

Rezumat. Gingivita ulcero‑necrotică Vincent este o afecţiune contagioasă, pro‑ vocată de simbioza dintre fuso‑ spirochete (bacillus fusiformis) şi boreliile Vincent. Această simbioză, în condiţii normale, reprezintă flora saprofită a cavităţii bucale, însă în condiţii nefavorabile aceste microorganisme devin agresive, provocând gingivita ulcero‑necrotică. Majoritatea gingivitelor ulcero‑necrotice, necesită interpretarea mult mai subtilă, care se impune în situaţia când se suspectă pe lângă concursul germenului infectat şi scăderea rezistenţei organismului de hipersensibili‑ tatea lui la diferite substanţe medicamentoase, produse alimentare, etc. În plus, semnele de manifestare ulcero‑necrotice a unei patologii somatice în cavitatea orală îmbracă aspecte foarte diverse, dependente de gravitatea de‑ reglărilor generale, de starea sistemului imun al teritoriului bucal, de pato‑ genitatea şi tropismul, adesea imprevizibil al florei microbiene satelite.Summary. Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is a contagious disease caused by the symbiosis of Fuso‑spirochete (Bacillus fusiformis) and boreliile Vin‑ cent. This symbiosis, in normal conditions, is saprophytic flora of the cavity mouth, but these microorganisms under unfavorable conditions become aggressive, causing ulcero‑necrotic gingivitis. Most ulcero‑necrotic gingivitis, requires interpretation more subtle. In addition, signs ulcero‑necrotic manifestations of somatic diseases in the oral cavity takes the issues very different, depending on the seriousness of general disorders, immune system status of the territory of mouth, the pa‑ thogenicity and tropism, often unpredictable satellite of microbial flora

Substance Abuse among Public Secondary School Students: Prevalence, Strategies and Challenges for Public Secondary School Managers in Kenya: A Case Study of Kisumu East Sub County

Substance abuse among public secondary school students is reality that is spreading at an alarming rate. If not checked, it could destroy the youth who are in their formative stage in life. Its outcomes include school dropouts, injuries, loss of lives, destruction of properties, moral decadence, misallocation of resources, indiscipline and compromised academic standards. According to the findings of a study conducted in 2005 on substance abuse in five major cities in Kenya, Kisumu and Nakuru lead the rest of the major cities and towns in the country in the prevalence of substance abuse. The study established that the factors that influence students most into substance abuse were peer pressure, media influence, frustrations and copying of idols. Alcohol, Cigarettes, Miraa/Khat and Marijuana were found to be the most commonly abused substances in dealing with substance abuse among students. The three strategies used most frequently by managers of public secondary schools were; use of professional counsellors, teachings on substance abuse, and training of peer educators while challenges encountered by managers of public secondary schools (principals, deputy principals and heads of departments) were found to be the rehabilitation of substance abusers, reducing the prevalence of substance abuse, and improving the performance of substance abusers. The study’s recommendations were that a comprehensive curriculum on substance abuse be introduced in schools, areas around the schools should be made as drug free as possible, the education of students on substance abuse should start in primary schools, the Teachers’ Service Commission should post full time professional counsellors to public secondary schools, and the government should establish free rehabilitation centres to cater for students who are substance abusers. The findings of this study are significant to the managers of public secondary schools in Kisumu East Sub County because it may help them to better understand the issues related to substance abuse among students in their schools and to come up with effective strategies to be used in addressing substance abuse related issues. It is significant to educational planners and economists whose concerns are optimal utilization of inputs and outputs for efficiency of educational systems. Keywords: Substance Abuse, Public Secondary Schools, Students, Prevalence, Strategies, Challenges, Managers, Kisumu East Sub County, Kenya

Value of Pollination Services in Farmlands Adjacent to Mau, Cherangany and Mt. Elgon Forests

Pollination plays a vital role in crop yield and quality and by extension food security. Approximately 75% of global food crops depend on pollination services. Forests are the primary habitats of natural pollinators and communities farming near them benefit from this valuable supporting service. This study estimated the economic value of crop pollination dependency on natural forests within Mau, Cherangany and Mount Elgon Water Towers using the Pollination Value Array Tool developed by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). To determine the value of crop pollination on farmlands adjacent to the forests, a buffer zone of 5 km between the forest and the farms was developed using GIS. Using the developed maps, a list of pollination dependent crops grown within these zones was identified from the FAO tool. Crop production data were obtained from Ministry of Agriculture in all the Counties neighboring the three ecosystems. The crop data gathered include the quantity of crop harvested per season and the producer price in Ksh per metric ton. This data was entered into the Pollination value array tool which computes; the Total Economic Value of crop (TVC) and the Economic Value of Insect Pollinators (EVIP) using the Pollination Dependency Ratios (PDR) of the crops. The contributions of natural /insect pollinators to crop production in the Mau, Cherangany and Mt. Elgon were estimated at Ksh 314 million (12.7%), 67 million (9.7%) and 549 million (17.4%) respectively. The total economic value attributed to insect pollination in the three ecosystems amounted to Ksh 931million in 2015. Keywords: Pollination Services, Crop Production, Pollination Dependence Ratio, Economic Value, Food security DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/9-10-08 Publication date:May 31st 201

Teeth as a sourse of stem cells

Catedra Stomatologie Teraeutică FECMF, USMF „Nicolae Testimiţanu” Laboratorul de enginerie tisulară și cultivarea celulelorTooth loss compromises human oral health. Although several prosthetic methods, such as artificial denture and dental implants, are clinical therapies to tooth loss problems, they are thought to have safety and usage time issues. Recently, tooth tissue engineering has attracted more and more attention. Stem cell based tissue engineering is thought to be a promising way to replace the missing tooth. Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent stem cells which can differentiate into a variety of cell types. This review outlines the recent progress in mesenchymal stem cell research and use in tooth regeneration [1, 2]. Pierderea dinților compromite sănătatea umană orală. Deşi, mai multe metode de tratament cum ar fi protezele artificiale şi implanturile dentare si-au demonstrat siguranţă de utilizare in timp. Recent, ingineria tisulară a capătat o vastă amploare.Celulele stem sunt considerate a fi o modalitate promiţătoare pentru a înlocui dintele lipsă. Celulele stem mezenchimale sunt celule stem pluripotente care se pot diferenția într-o varietate de tipuri de celule. Aceast articol prezintă progresele recente în cercetarea celulelor stem mezenchimale şi utilizarea lor

A methodological approach for assessing cross-site landscape change: understanding socio-ecological systems

The expansion of agriculture has resulted in large-scale habitat loss, the fragmentation of forests, significant losses in biological diversity and negative impacts on many ecosystem services. In this paper, we highlight the Agrarian Change Project, a multi-disciplinary research initiative, that applies detailed socio-ecological methodologies in multi-functional landscapes, and assess the subsequent implications for conservation, livelihoods and food security. Specifically, the research focuses on land use impacts in locations which exhibit various combinations of agricultural modification/change across a forest transition gradient in six tropical landscapes, in Zambia, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Indonesia and Bangladesh. These methods include integrated assessments of the perceptions of ecosystem service provision, tree cover loss and gain, relative poverty, diets and agricultural patterns of change. Although numerous surveys on rural livelihoods are undertaken each year, often at great cost, many are hampered by weaknesses in methods and thus may not reflect rural realities. We attempt to highlight how integrating broader socio-ecological methods can be used to fill in those gaps and ensure such realities are indeed captured. Early findings suggest that the transition from a forested landscape to a more agrarian dominated system does not necessarily result in better livelihood outcomes and there may be unintended consequences of forest and tree cover removal. These include the loss of access to grazing land, loss of dietary diversity and the loss of ecosystem services/forest products