Avaliação de microinfiltração marginal nas restaurações de classe V em pre-molares humanos submetidos a carregamento oclusal ciclico

Orientador: Luis Roberto Marcondes MartinsTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de avaliar a microinfiltração em restaurações de classe V, realizadas com cimento de ionômero de vidro convencional e modificado por resina; com uma resina modificada por poliácidos; com um compósito de baixa viscosidade, um híbrido e um de alta densidade; com limites cavitários executadas em esmalte e em dentina, de trinta pré-molares humanos submetidos a um carregamento oclusal cíclico. Trinta pré-molares humanos, recém extraídos por indicação ortodôntica, foram mantidos refrigerados até o momento do experimento, tendo suas faces vestibular e lingual divididas em preparo com terminação cavo-superficial em esmalte e em dentina/cemento nos quais foram utilizadas seis diferentes materiais restauradores. Todos os dentes receberam preparos padronizados em forma de U, com o limite da parede cervical localizando-se na junção esmalte-cemento e da parede oclusal em esmalte. Todas as margens de esmalte receberam um bisel de 0,5 mm aproximadamente.Todos os procedimentos de acabamento e polimento foram realizados uma semana após as restaurações com o sistema Soft-Lex (3M). Concluídas as restaurações, os dentes foram submetidos a 4000 ciclos de carregamento oclusal com uma carga de 150N com um segundo de duração,sendo então imersos em solução aquosa de azul de metileno a 2% para evidenciação da microinfiltração do corante na parede cervical em dentina/cemento e na parede oclusal em esmalte biselado. Em seguida, os dentes foram imersos em resina acrílica e seccionados em seus longoeixos. A seguir, o grau de microinfiltração do corante foi avaliado através de uma lupa estereoscópica com aumento de 40 vezes. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste estatístico não paramétrico de Kruskal -Wallis, que observou diferença significante ao nível de 1%. Ao analisar-se através do teste de múltiplas comparações de Tukey, verificou-seque a diferença somente existiu entre os tratamentos com Surefil e os demais tanto em esmalte quanto em dentina, sendo que este último apresentou o pior desempenho de todos. Concluiu-se que os materiais estudados foram capazes de minimizar a microinfiltração em dentes com restauração de classe V quando havia esmalte nas margens e, com exceção para a resina de alta densidade, também quando a margem era em dentina/cementoAbstract: The object of this paper is to assess microleakage in class V restorations for human premolars subject to cyclical occlusive load. Ketac-Fill (Espe/Premier) glass ionomer cement, Vitremer (3M) resin modified glass ionomer cement, Dyract (Dentsply) polyacid modified composite, Natural Flow (DFL) low viscosity composite, TPH (Dentsply) hybrid composite and Surefil (Dentsply) high-density composite were used. Thirty newly extracted human premolars due to dental indication were refrigerated until the moment of the experiment. The bucal and lingual faces were divided in cavo-superficial cavity preparations in enamel and in dentin/cement and were subject to six different restoration materials. All teeth received standardized preparation procedures. One limit of the cervical wall is the enamel/cement junction and other one is the occlusal margin ending on the enamel. These areas were beveled with a 0.5-mm bevel. Restoration techniques strictly followed manufacturer's recommendations. Finishing and polishing maneuvers were carried out one week after restorations with Sofi-Lex (3M) system. Once the restorations were ended, the teeth were subject to 4000 cycles of occlusive load with a burden of 150N for every second and then immersed in blue methilene 2% solution for coloring microleakage evidence in the dentin/cement cervical wall and in the occlusal wall with beveled enamel. The next step was to dip them in acrylic resin and were sectioned in longitudinal axis. The degree of coloring microleakage was assessed wit a stereoscopic magnifying glass with 40-fold augmentation. The results were subject to Kruskal-Walis nom parametric statistical test recording a significant 1-% level difference. Results with Tukey's multiple comparison tests showed a difference only between Surefil treatments and the rest both in enamel and dentin, showing worse performance in the latter. The conclusionis that all studied materiaIs successfully controlled microleakage in c1assV restored teeth when enamel is present in margins and, with the exception of high density resin, also when the margin is dentin/cementDoutoradoDentísticaDoutor em Clínica Odontológic

Metalloproteinases in Restorative Dentistry: An In Silico Study toward an Ideal Animal Model

In dentistry, various animal models are used to evaluate adhesive systems, dental caries and periodontal diseases. Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes that degrade collagen in the dentin matrix and are categorized in over 20 different classes. Collagenases and gelatinases are intrinsic constituents of the human dentin organic matrix fibrillar network and are the most abundant MMPs in this tissue. Understanding such enzymes’ action on dentin is important in the development of approaches that could reduce dentin degradation and provide restorative procedures with extended longevity. This in silico study is based on dentistry’s most used animal models and intends to search for the most suitable, evolutionarily close to Homo sapiens. We were able to retrieve 176,077 mammalian MMP sequences from the UniProt database. These sequences were manually curated through a three-step process. After such, the remaining 3178 sequences were aligned in a multifasta file and phylogenetically reconstructed using the maximum likelihood method. Our study inferred that the animal models most evolutionarily related to Homo sapiens were Orcytolagus cuniculus (MMP-1 and MMP-8), Canis lupus (MMP-13), Rattus norvegicus (MMP-2) and Orcytolagus cuniculus (MMP-9). Further research will be needed for the biological validation of our findings

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data