The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess.Comment: Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figure

Band head spin for triaxial super-deformed bands in

We use VMI model for the prediction of band head spin of Triaxial Super- Deformed (TSD) rotational bands. The calculated and observed transition energies are agreed well when an accurate band head spin (I0) is predicted. The results are in good agreement with the experimentally known values of spin and transition energies. In the present paper, we have reported the band head spin of TSD bands for Lu isotope. This method brings comprehensive interpretation for spin assignment of TSD bands which could help in designing future experiments for these bands. Thus, we have reported the band head spin value of 5 TSD rotational band of Lu isotope

Financing models for an online seller with performance risk in an E-commerce marketplace

Third-party sellers on e-commerce marketplaces (e.g., Amazon and Alibaba) have been primarily dependent on conventional financing modes such as bank credit financing (BCF) to meet their working capital requirements. Many of these platforms have recently started novel financing programs (platform credit financing, PCF) for the sellers under the umbrella of Supply Chain Finance. For example, Amazon provides unsecured loans to third-party sellers on its platform under the Amazon lending program. These loans are risky for the platform. If the seller is unable to fulfill customer’s orders because of some internal inefficiencies (performance risk), the platform loses the loan amount and incurs a goodwill cost among its customer base. In this paper, we develop a series of game-theoretic models to analyze and compare BCF and PCF for a cash-constrained third-party seller on an e-commerce marketplace. We derive optimal interest rates that the platform may charge the seller depending on its performance risk. We derive conditions under which either BCF or PCF could be more profitable for the seller. We introduce innovative contracts (Guaranteed Demand Increment Contract and Lending Rate Matching Contract initiated by the platform and Lumpsum Transfer Contract initiated by the seller) that incentivize the seller or platform to act in a mutually beneficial way. Our analysis shows that these contracts achieve win–win outcomes and increase the total supply chain profit