Impact of leadership styles on employees\u27 job satisfaction and employees\u27 intention to quit in not-for-profit organizations in Egypt.

The aim of the research is to test the impact of the leadership styles in the not for-profit organizations and its relevance to the employees\u27 job satisfaction and their intention to quit. This study is to investigate two different leadership styles; Transformational and Transactional leadership style, whether or not a correlation between them exists and the employeess job satisfaction and consequently if this lead them to have the intention to quit from their organization. A comparative survey was done between two Not- for-profit organizations. The population for this survey is 48 questionnaires distributed to the two organizations (36) in the first organization and (12) for the second organization. Employees of different hierarchical levels, different age and level of responsibility were asked to fill in the survey. The data were examined by SPSS, a statistical analysis package. The findings of the study show that there was insignificance relationship between the intention to quit and transformational and transactional leadership styles. In addition, the study also found an insignificant relationship between the intention to quit and the employeess job satisfactions. One of the key recommendations of the study is that the head of an organization should take care of the employeess awareness to the types of leadership in order to increase their health of their employment in the organization. They have to look to the other factors that retain employees in their organizations in Egypt rather than the leadership styles of leaders managing them. This can reduce the employees in their organizations that have the intention to quit

Redrawing state-society boundaries: Egypt's dynamic social contract

Most LDC regimes, especially those with a colonial past, suffer from a deficit in legitimacy. Basing their rule on the personality and achievements of one person, these regimes have failed to pass on their legitimacy to their successors, or sometimes even secure legitimacy for the state. They have drawn up a social contract with their populations that entailed obligations to achieve objectives such as industrialisation, national and economic independence, and welfare of their societies. In return, their populations were expected to support their regimes, and surrender their political rights and liberties. In this research, we focus on the social contract in Egypt, as an example of an LDC state where the regime has suffered from a lack of legitimacy since the country gained its independence in 1952. Over the last five decades, Egyptian regimes have forged a social contract with their populations in order to legitimise their rule. The social contract encompassed achieving objectives adopted by the regime on the domestic and international level according to their visions. The formula of the social contract has been modified by the regime in response to changes in domestic and international factors. One of the main obligations that the regime has committed itself to since 1952 has been welfare provision by the state. The commitment of the regime to provide welfare for the population has been an effective tool to generate legitimacy. Thus, the maintenance of a 'welfare state' has constituted a central component of the social contract since 1952. However, a social contract based on welfare provision has not been durable; this type of contract has secured the regime legitimacy only as long as it has been able to deliver welfare products. As industrialisation failed to take off, Egyptian regimes found it difficult to sustain the welfare state. Their attempts to withdraw from welfare provision, without compromising their legitimacy, have been unsuccessful. This is because the regime has marketed welfare provision by the state as a right of the public based on citizenship; the populace has proved resilient in defending this right. Hence, the regime had to rely upon aid and or external borrowing to postpone the crisis; and modify the social contract by introducing some measures of political liberalisation

Sacred Buildings and Brain Performance: The Effect of Sultan Hasan Mosque on Brain Waves of its Users

A sacred building is defined as a comfortable place that holds certain qualities similar to those originated from nature in harmony with its surroundings. The sacredness quality, though, usually pertains to Religious Buildings that allow for human comfort and a unique state of mind. This paper investigates the effect of sacred buildings on human brain. It concentrates on measurements of brain waves during the presence of the user at certain Paths (coordinates) in these buildings. The variation and intensity of these measurements indicate the effect of “sacredness” as a quality on the user along his/ her journey through the building. This could be used in architecture as evidence of the presence of the sacred quality; and to study the intensity of the positive effect of these buildings. This process is based on a scientific experiment to determine whether or not buildings affect the brain wave frequencies of users, and, measures these effects in terms of Brain Wave Frequency Charts through EEG Devices

The Relationship Between Oil Price and the Algerian Exchange Rate

The goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between oil price and the nominal US Dollar/Algerian Dinar exchange rate through an empirical analysis using a VAR Model (Vector Autoregressive Model) upon monthly data for the period 2003-2013. Results show that a cointegration relationship is not detected between the oil and exchange rate in Algeria. However, the estimation of a VAR model indicates that a 1% increase in oil price would tend to depreciate Algerian Dinar against US Dollar by nearly 0.35%. This negative impact emphasizes how the Algerian dinar is a non-oil currency and explains how the foreign exchange receipts from hydrocarbon exports help swell Algerian public spending that would cater for public budget deficit curtailment

Spectrally-efficient SIMO relay-aided underlay communications: An exact outage analysis

International audienceIn this paper, we carry out an exact outage analysis for a secondary (unlicensed) system operating under a strict primary (licensed) system outage constraint. We focus on single-user singleinput multiple-output (SIMO) secondary communications where the direct link is being assisted by a cluster of single-antenna decodeand-forward (DF) relay nodes acting in a half-duplex selective-andincremental relaying mode. Firstly, we derive a transmit power model for the secondary system where the source and relays adapt their transmit power based on: 1) a perfect acquisition of the underlying interference channel state information (I-CSI), and 2) an interference constraint that is either fixed or proportional to the primary system outage probability. Secondly, the cumulative distribution functions (CDF)s of the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the secondary receiving nodes are devised in a recursive and tractable closed-form expressions. These statistics are used to derive the exact end-to-end secondary system outage probability. The analytical and simulation results are then compared and interestingly shown to perfectly match, while revealing that with a moderate number of primary and secondary receive antennas, the secondary system spectral efficiency is amply enhanced as opposed to being severely degraded in the single receive antenna case

Bayesian Estimation of the Parameters of Discrete Weibull Type (I) Distribution

Bayesian estimation of the continuous Weibull distribution parameters was studied by Ahmad and Ahmad (2013) under the assumption of knowing the shape parameter. Bayesian estimates are considered here of the parameters of the discrete Weibull Type I [DW(I)] distribution and are obtained under two different assumptions: when the shape parameter is known, and when both parameters are independent random variables. A Mathcad program is performed to simulate data from the DW(I) distribution considering different values of the parameters and different sample sizes, and to obtain Bayesian parameter estimates. The resulted estimates are compared to the ML and proportion estimates obtained by Khan et al. (1989)

The Effect of Fashion Psychology on the Consumer in Light of COVID-19

Clothes emphasize the way that person thinks, sees and feels about himself, , as it includes the shape of personality and its characteristics, so fashion is a silent language that speaks eloquently about a person's thinking , identity and affects the extent of his self esteem, , The COVID-19 has changed lifestyle since its inception, as it led to the emergence of new trends in fashion and greatly affected the psychology of consumers, and hit the global fashion industry with a value of 2.5 trillion, hence the idea of the research that included the impact of The COVID-19 pandemic on the psychology of fashion and the consumer, The research problem included answering the following questions: Has the psychology of fashion affected the consumer in light of the COVID-19? and what extent will the styles and iems of clothing change the mood of the consumer in light of the COVID-19? The aim of the research is to determine the psychological factors of fashion that affect the consumer in light of the COVID-19, and the research methodology is based on the inductive and analytical approach, The research including the psychology of fashion, fashion, self and identity, the use of clothing to define specific meanings, the meanings of colors and Fabrics in Fashion psychology , and the impact of the COVID-19 on fashion and the consumer, and the researcher made a questionnaire on 100 persons to determine the psychological factors of fashion and its impact on the consumer in light of the COVID-19 . One of the most important results of the research was that the different clothes and their styles express the personality and its ideas and determine how to interact with others, and casual wear style is the most worn styles from the beginning of the COVID-19 until now

The relationship between tolerance of ambiguity and creativity in architectural design studio

Creativity is a cognitive ability that enables individuals to come up with both original and functional ideas and products. As architectural design requires producing aesthetic and practically useful solutions, it is a primary concern to enhance creativity in design disciplines. Many theorists argued that design is a non-linear process and many components of design problems are not clear at the beginning. At the start of the process, designers are always working at the periphery of a solution space where there is less coherence and more ambiguity. Thus, they must deal with a lot of ambiguity in every design situation. These states of uncertainty and confusion can be annoying for architecture students. On the other hand, tolerance of ambiguity is a personality trait that has been linked to creative thinking. Therefore, this paper attempts to investigate the correlation between tolerance of ambiguity of architectural students and their creativity via a qualitative study. The researchers implemented a mixed-method approach and recruited 18 architecture students. The results from this study revealed that there is a significant correlation between students’ creative thinking abilities and their tolerance for ambiguity. Our results also indicated that there is no statistically significant correlation between students’ tolerance of ambiguity and their design creativity. Article in English. Santykis tarp tolerancijos dviprasmiškumui ir kūrybiškumo architektūrinio projektavimo studijoje Santrauka Kūrybiškumas kaip kognityvinis gebėjimas sudaro sąlygas asmenims sukurti originalių ir funkcionalių idėjų bei produktų. Kadangi architektūrinis projektavimas reikalauja priimti estetinius ir praktine prasme naudingus sprendimus, todėl pirmiausia reikia rūpintis kūrybiškumo stiprinimu su projektavimu susijusiose disciplinose. Dauguma teoretikų įrodinėja, kad projektavimas yra nelinijinis procesas, o didžioji dalis projektavimo problemų sudedamųjų dalių nuo pat pradžių sudaro neaiškumų. Prasidedant procesui, projektuotojai bet kuriuo atveju darbuojasi sprendimo erdvės paribyje, kuriame yra mažai darnumo, tačiau kur kas daugiau – dviprasmiškumo. Tad jiems tenka spręsti klausimus, susijusius su dideliu dviprasmiškumu bet kurioje projektavimo situacijoje. Šios netikrumo ir painiavos būsenos gali erzinti architektūros studentus. Kita vertus, tolerancija dviprasmiškumui – tai asmenybės bruožas, siejamas su kūrybiniu mąstymu. Todėl šiame straipsnyje siekiama išnagrinėti koreliaciją tarp architektūros studentų tolerancijos dviprasmiškumui ir jų kūrybiškumo, atliekant kokybinį tyrimą. Tyrėjai taikė mišrų metodą, o jų tyrimo objektu tapo 18 architektūros studentų. Šio tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad yra reikšminga koreliacija tarp studentų kūrybinio mąstymo gebėjimų ir jų tolerancijos dviprasmiškumui. Rezultatai, kuriuos gavome, taip pat parodė, kad nėra statistiškai reikšmingos koreliacijos tarp studentų tolerancijos dviprasmiškumui ir to, ar jų atliekamas projektavimas yra kūrybiškas. Reikšminiai žodžiai: architektūros studentai, kūrybiškumas, projektavimo problemos, projektavimo procesas, tolerancija dviprasmiškumui

The modified Selvester QRS score: Can we predict successful ST segment resolution in patients with myocardial infarction receiving fibrinolytic therapy?

Background: We sought to explore whether the simplified Selvester QRS scoring system could predict ST segment resolution in patients with first acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction who receive pharmacological reperfusion therapy. Methods: We enrolled 60 consecutive patients admitted to the critical care unit with the diagnosis of first acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction presenting within 24 hours from symptom onset, and eligible for reperfusion therapy. All patients received streptokinase in the usual dose regimen. Patients underwent resting high-quality 12-lead electrocardiogram recordings to calculate the modified QRS score and estimate the sum of ST segment elevation before (STE1) and 90 minutes after (STE2) streptokinase. The difference between STE1 and STE2 was then measured and accepted as the sum of ST segment resolution, expressed as &#931;STR. Patients were classified into two groups: those with &#931;STR &#8805; 50% of STE1 (the resolution group) and those with &#931;STR < 50% (the non-resolution group). Results: The mean QRS score was significantly lower in the resolution group compared to the non-resolution group (2.88 &#177; 1.34 vs 5.93 &#177; 1.56, respectively, p < 0.001). There was a highly significant negative correlation between QRS score and SSTR with a correlation coefficient r = -0.76. Using a cut-off value of &#8805; 4, the QRS score had a sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 72%, positive and negative predictive values of 74% and 92% respectively, for predicting &#931;STR < 50%. Conclusions: The Selvester QRS score can reliably predict adequate ST segment resolution in patients with first acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction receiving fibrinolytic therapy, with a high sensitivity and an acceptable specificity. (Cardiol J 2010; 17, 4: 367-373