a cross-sectional, multicenter feasibility study of the German National Cohort

Background To investigate the periodontal disease status in a multi-center cross-sectional study in Germany. Associations of dental, socio-economic, blood and biomedical variables with periodontal outcome parameters were evaluated. Methods From 4 different centers N = 311 persons were included, drawn randomly from the registration offices. Maximal pocket depth (PD) was used as primary indicator for periodontitis. It was classified as: no/mild ≤3 mm, moderate 4-5 mm, severe ≥6 mm. Associations between socioeconomic (household income, education), lifestyle, and biomedical factors and PD or bleeding on probing (BOP) per site (“Yes”/”No”) was analyzed with logistic regression analysis. Results Mean age of subjects was 46.4 (range 20–77) years. A significantly higher risk of deeper pockets for smokers (OR = 2.4, current vs. never smoker) or persons with higher BMI (OR = 1.6, BMI increase by 5) was found. Severity of periodontitis was significantly associated with caries lesions (p = 0.01), bridges (p < .0001), crowns (p < .0001), leukocytes (p = 0.04), HbA1c (p < .0001) and MCV (p = 0.04). PD was positively correlated with BOP. No significant associations with BOP were found in regression analysis. Conclusions Earlier findings for BMI and smoking with severity of PD were confirmed. Dental variables might be influenced by potential confounding factors e.g. dental hygiene. For blood parameters interactions with unknown systemic diseases may exist

Pocket depth and bleeding on probing and their associations with dental, lifestyle, socioeconomic and blood variables: a cross-sectional, multicenter feasibility study of the German National Cohort

Background: To investigate the periodontal disease status in a multi-center cross-sectional study in Germany. Associations of dental, socio-economic, blood and biomedical variables with periodontal outcome parameters were evaluated. Methods: From 4 different centers N = 311 persons were included, drawn randomly from the registration offices. Maximal pocket depth (PD) was used as primary indicator for periodontitis. It was classified as: no/mild ≤3 mm, moderate 4-5 mm, severe ≥6 mm. Associations between socioeconomic (household income, education), lifestyle, and biomedical factors and PD or bleeding on probing (BOP) per site (“Yes”/”No”) was analyzed with logistic regression analysis. Results: Mean age of subjects was 46.4 (range 20–77) years. A significantly higher risk of deeper pockets for smokers (OR = 2.4, current vs. never smoker) or persons with higher BMI (OR = 1.6, BMI increase by 5) was found. Severity of periodontitis was significantly associated with caries lesions (p = 0.01), bridges (p < .0001), crowns (p < .0001), leukocytes (p = 0.04), HbA1c (p &lt; .0001) and MCV (p = 0.04). PD was positively correlated with BOP. No significant associations with BOP were found in regression analysis. Conclusions: Earlier findings for BMI and smoking with severity of PD were confirmed. Dental variables might be influenced by potential confounding factors e.g. dental hygiene. For blood parameters interactions with unknown systemic diseases may exist

Toxin exposure and HLA alleles determine serum antibody binding to toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) of Staphylococcus aureus

Life-threatening toxic shock syndrome is often caused by the superantigen toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) produced by Staphylococcus aureus. A well-known risk factor is the lack of neutralizing antibodies. To identify determinants of the anti-TSST-1 antibody response, we examined 976 participants of the German population-based epidemiological Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND-0). We measured anti-TSST-1 antibody levels, analyzed the colonization with TSST-1-encoding S. aureus strains, and performed a genome-wide association analysis of genetic risk factors. TSST-1-specific serum IgG levels varied over a range of 4.2 logs and were elevated by a factor of 12.3 upon nasal colonization with TSST-1-encoding S. aureus. Moreover, the anti-TSST-1 antibody levels were strongly associated with HLA class II gene loci. HLA-DRB1*03:01 and HLA-DQB1*02:01 were positively, and HLA-DRB1*01:01 as well as HLA-DQB1*05:01 negatively associated with the anti-TSST-1 antibody levels. Thus, both toxin exposure and HLA alleles affect the human antibody response to TSST-1

Qualitätsmanagement durch Benchmarking zahnärztlicher Praxisdaten

Das Ziel dieser Studie ist die Entwicklung eines Instrumentariums zur Abschätzung der präventiven Ergebnisqualität in einer Zahnarztpraxis auf Basis epidemiologischer Daten (Study of Health in Pomerania, SHIP-0) zum Vergleich altersgruppenspezifischer Zahnverlustkurven. Aus den Praxisakten von vorher definierten Monaten wurden über einen Zeitraum von zwei Jahren Patientengruppen gebildet in denen randomisiert eine Stichprobe je 5-Jahres-Alters- und Geschlechtsstratum gezogen wurde. In sieben Praxen wurden aus der Praxisdokumentation Praxisprofile bezüglich der Zahnzahl der Patienten (20-74 Jahre) erstellt und mit der SHIP-0-Population verglichen. Weiterhin wurde der altersspezifische Zahnverlust der Probanden in den Praxen und bei SHIP-0 mittels der negativ-binomialen Regression modelliert und die angepassten Zahnverlustkurven verglichen, um den Einfluss der Zahnarztpraxis auf den Zahnverlust zu beschreiben. Die Daten von 1497 Praxispatienten und 3990 SHIP-0-Probanden wurden ausgewertet. Die Effektstärke wurde operationalisiert als Inzidenzraten-Ratio (IRR). Die IRR für den Zahnverlust zeigen für alle Zahnarztpraxen einen protektiven Effekt (IRR=0,38-0,68; p<0,001) im Vergleich zu den SHIP-0-Probanden. Anhand des Vergleichs des altersabhängigen Zahnverlustes im Praxisprofil mit einem Referenzprofil aus den bevölkerungsrepräsentativen SHIP-0-Daten kann die grundsätzliche Eignung dieses Instruments für das Qualitätsmanagement und Benchmarking bestätigt werden. Weiterführend sollten die Vergleiche für individuelle patientenseitige Risikofaktoren für Zahnverlust (u.a. sozioökonomischer Status, Rauchstatus) adjustiert und damit das erarbeitete Modell spezifiziert werden.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop an instrument for quality management in dental offices based on the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-0) to compare age-specific number of teeth. METHODS: Dental status derived from patients’ files of 7 dental offices was transformed into dental office-profiles using age group-specific number of teeth. Patients from the offices were randomly sampled by age (20-74 years) and gender from a period of two years. The data of the patients’ age-specific number of teeth in the offices were compared with SHIP-0 based on a negative binomial regression model. RESULTS: The incidence rate ratio (IRR) for tooth loss was ranged between IRR=0.38-0.68 (p<0.001) for the different offices. All offices have a preventive effect concerning the patients’ tooth loss (IRR<1). CONCLUSION: Using the negative binomial regression model it is possible to describe the dental offices’ influence of their patients’ tooth loss. This study confirms the value of IRR to compare age-specific number of teeth between patients of dental offices and a population-based-study as a tool of quality-management. In further analyses the socio-economic status of patients and the profile of relevant risk-factors will be considered in each office to adjust for structural differences in order to assure the validity of the comparisons

Comparison of Oral Microbe Quantities from Tongue Samples and Subgingival Pockets

Objectives. To improve understanding of periodontitis pathology, we need more profound knowledge of relative abundances of single prokaryotic species and colonization dynamics between habitats. Thus, we quantified oral microbes from two oral habitats to gain insights into colonization variability and correlation to the clinical periodontal status. Methods. We analyzed tongue scrapings and subgingival pocket samples from 237 subjects (35–54 years) with at least 10 teeth and no recent periodontal treatment from the 11-year follow-up of the Study of Health in Pomerania. Relative abundances of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus sanguinis, total bacteria, and Archaea were correlated to clinically assessed pocket depths (PD) and clinical attachment levels (CAL). Results. Increased relative abundances of P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and F. nucleatum were linked to increased levels of PD and CAL (i) on the subject level (mean PD, mean CAL) and (ii) in subgingival pockets. Relative abundances of Archaea from tongue samples correlated negatively with mean PD or mean CAL. Detection and quantity of bacterial species correlated weakly to moderately between the tongue and subgingival pocket, except for Archaea. Conclusions. Relative abundances of specific oral species correlated weakly to moderately between habitats. Single species, total bacteria, and Archaea were linked to clinically assessed severity of periodontitis in a habitat-dependent manner

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Kirjallisuusarvostel

Reproducibility of Frankfort horizontal plane on 3D multi-planar reconstructed MR images.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy and reliability of Frankfort horizontal plane identification using displays of multi-planar reconstructed MRI images, and propose it as a sufficiently stable and standardized reference plane for craniofacial structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRI images of 43 subjects were obtained from the longitudinal population based cohort study SHIP-2 using a T1-weighted 3D sequence. Five examiners independently identified the three landmarks that form FH plane. Intra-examiner reproducibility and inter-examiner reliability, correlation coefficients (ICC), coefficient of variability and Bland-Altman plots were obtained for all landmarks coordinates to assess reproducibility. Intra-examiner reproducibility and inter-examiner reliability in terms of location and plane angulation were also assessed. RESULTS: Intra- and inter-examiner reliabilities for X, Y and Z coordinates of all three landmarks were excellent with ICC values ranging from 0.914 to 0.998. Differences among examiners were more in X and Z than in Y dimensions. The Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated excellent intra- as well as inter-examiner agreement between examiners in all coordinates for all landmarks. Intra-examiner reproducibility and inter-examiner reliability of the three landmarks in terms of distance showed mean differences between 1.3 to 2.9 mm, Mean differences in plane angulation were between 1.0° to 1.5° among examiners. CONCLUSION: This study revealed excellent intra-examiner reproducibility and inter-examiner reliability of Frankfort Horizontal plane through 3D landmark identification in MRI. Sufficiently stable landmark-based reference plane could be used for different treatments and studies