7 research outputs found

    Alteration of post harvest diseases of mango Mangifera indica through production practices and climatic factors

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    Mango production in Senegal takes place over the two seasons of dry and humid conditions between April and November. The increasing demand for fresh mangoes has led to an increase in land areaallocated to that crop. Mango production suffers, however, from fruit rotting due to post-harvest diseases during ripening. These diseases reduce the fruit quality and cause severe losses. A surveywas carried out in 2004 to detect fungi involved in post-harvest rot of mangoes (cv. Kent) produced in the Niayes area of Senegal in relation with the production practices and the climatic conditions. Theresults showed that at first harvest during the dry season, a broader species range of fungi including Alternaria sp., Botryodiplodia theobromae, Dothiorella sp., Aspergillus niger and non-identified fungiwere responsible for mango rotting. The fruits harvested during the humid season, however, were more heavily infested but a smaller number of fungal agents were involved; Colletotrichum gloeosporioidesand secondarily Phoma mangiferae played the main role. The cultural practices played an important role on mango infection whereby orchard sanitation and particularly cleaning and pruning reduced theinfection rates. Orchards with no care, in contrast, yielded the most heavily infested mango samples. In addition, the harvest practice of inversion of fruits in soil for sap elimination increases contaminationwith pathogenic fungi

    Moteurs et conséquences de la resuspension dans un lac sahélien peu profond : le lac de Guiers au Sénégal

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    La dynamique des particules dans les systĂšmes aquatiques est rĂ©git par l’interaction entre la resuspension et la sĂ©dimentation. Cette Ă©tude est consacrĂ©e Ă  la dĂ©termination des processus responsables de la resuspension des particules dans le lac de Guiers situĂ© au nord du SĂ©nĂ©gal. Des Ă©chantillons ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©s au cours d’un cycle annuel au niveau de trois stations prises dans la partie centrale du lac. Dans ce site, la resuspension des particules est liĂ©e Ă  l’action des vents mais aussi Ă  la crue du fleuve SĂ©nĂ©gal. La resuspension sous l’effet des vents se produit pendant l’harmattan, alors qu’en pĂ©riode d’alizĂ©s maritimes, c’est la crue du fleuve SĂ©nĂ©gal qui est responsable de la remise en suspension des particules. Le taux de particule en suspension est plus important en pĂ©riode d’harmattan qui est marquĂ©e par des vitesses du vent plus Ă©levĂ©es (moyenne de 3,6 m.s-1 fluctuant entre 1 et 7 m.s-1), mais surtout par un fetch fort (24 km). Cette Ă©volution saisonniĂšre de la resuspension affecte la turbiditĂ© de l’eau, les taux de matiĂšre en suspension, la biomasse  phytoplanctonique, le coefficient d’attĂ©nuation lumineuse, le flux des particules et la structure de la colonne d’eau. La resuspension sous l’effet des vagues crĂ©Ă©es par le vent associĂ© au fetch Ă©levĂ© constitue dans ce systĂšme peu profond le principal processus contrĂŽlant la dynamique des particules.Mots clĂ©s : Vagues, crue du fleuve, resuspension, particule, turbiditĂ©, lac de Guiers

    Genetic Variability Analysis of the Polyploid Complex of Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. Using RAPD Markers

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    The genetic variability of nine Acacia nilotica subspecies of various origins was analyzed by thirty-six RAPD primers. Sixteen among them produced polymorphic bands and generated 166 polymorphic markers. The amplified bands were separated by electrophoresis on 1.8% agarose gel. The analysis of 166 RAPD markers allowed to distinguish essentially three main groups in Acacia nilotica complex: (i) The first group comprised subspecies, indica, cupressiformis, nilotica, tomentosa. Subspecies subalata and jacquemontii of which the systematic position is unclear seems to belong to this group. (ii) The second group comprised subspecies adstringens and leiocarpa. (iii) Kraussiana subspecies distinguishes itself from first two groups. The genetic variability within populations (H) was calculated through Shannon index. Subspecies adstringens presents the lowest within population variability (H= 0.015) while kraussiana and leiocarpa subspecies showed high variation index (H= 0.095) and (H= 0.096) respectively. The genetic variability analysis of Acacia nilotica revealed large differences between subspecies but no correlation between geographic distances and genetic distances could be established. Subspecies native of east Africa presented higher allelic richness than west African and Indian ones

    Caractérisation biologique in vitro de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides penz, agent de l\'anthracnose du manguier (Mangifera indica L).

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    L'influence de la température et de quelques fongicides a été utilisée pour la caractérisation in vitro de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. L'étude de l'influence de la température sur la croissance in vitro et la germination des spores de C. gloeosporioides, champignon phytopathogÚne, responsable de l'anthracnose du manguier, a montré que les températures 25 et 30 °C sont plus favorables aussi bien pour le développement mycélien que pour la germination des spores. Le test de différents fongicides incluant l'azoxystrobine, le chlorothalonil, l'imazalil, l'oxychlorure de cuivre, le thiophanate méthyl, le myclobutanil, le mancozÚbe et le manÚbe a montré l'efficacité marquée du myclobutanil et du chlorothalonil pour le contrÎle in vitro de la croissance mycélienne. En effet, ces fongicides ont présenté des DL50 inférieures à 1 ppm. L'imazalil, l'azoxystrobine et le mancozÚbe ont montré des DL50 respectives de 1,5, 1,7 et 5,3 ppm. Pour la germination des spores l'imazalil et le chlorothalonil inhibent totalement la germination des spores à 50 ppm tandis que pour l'oxychlorure de cuivre le mancozÚbe et le manÚbe cette inhibition a été notée à 100 ppm.For in vitro characterization of the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, responsible for mango anthracnose, the influence temperatures and selected fungicides has been tested on mycelial growth and spore germination. The results showed that 25 °C and 30 °C are more suitable for mycelial growth as well as for spore germination. The fungicide tests involving azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, imazalil, copper oxychoride, thiophanate-methyl, myclobutanil, mancozeb and maneb showed a marked efficiency of myclobutanil and chlorothalonil for in vitro inhibition of mycelial growth. These two fungicides presented a DL50 below 1 ppm and were therefore classified as very efficient. Imazalil, azoxystrobine and mancozeb with a higher DL50, respectively 1,5, 1,7 and 5,3 ppm were classified as efficient. For spores germination, imazalil and chlorothalonil inhibited totally spores germination at 50 ppm whereas for copper oxychloride, mancozeb and maneb a complete inhibition was obtained at 100 ppm. Keywords: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, croissance in vitro, température, fongicides, manguier; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, mycelial growth, temperature, fungicides, mango. Journal des Sciences Pour l\'Ingénieur. Vol. 9 2008: pp. 21-2
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