Evidence of significant energy input in the late phase of a solar flare from NuSTAR x-ray observations

We present observations of the occulted active region AR 12222 during the third Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray (NuSTAR) solar campaign on 2014 December 11, with concurrent Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/AIA and FOXSI-2 sounding rocket observations. The active region produced a medium-size solar flare 1 day before the observations, at ∼18 UT on 2014 December 10, with the post-flare loops still visible at the time of NuSTAR observations. The time evolution of the source emission in the SDO/AIA 335 Å channel reveals the characteristics of an extreme-ultraviolet late-phase event, caused by the continuous formation of new post-flare loops that arch higher and higher in the solar corona. The spectral fitting of NuSTAR observations yields an isothermal source, with temperature 3.8\ndash4.6 MK, emission measure (0.3\ndash1.8) × 10⁴⁶ cm‑3, and density estimated at (2.5\ndash6.0) × 10⁸ cm‑3. The observed AIA fluxes are consistent with the derived NuSTAR temperature range, favoring temperature values in the range of 4.0\ndash4.3 MK. By examining the post-flare loops\rsquo cooling times and energy content, we estimate that at least 12 sets of post-flare loops were formed and subsequently cooled between the onset of the flare and NuSTAR observations, with their total thermal energy content an order of magnitude larger than the energy content at flare peak time. This indicates that the standard approach of using only the flare peak time to derive the total thermal energy content of a flare can lead to a large underestimation of its value

All-sky Medium Energy Gamma-ray Observatory: Exploring the Extreme Multimessenger Universe

The All-sky Medium Energy Gamma-ray Observatory (AMEGO) is a probe class mission concept that will provide essential contributions to multimessenger astrophysics in the late 2020s and beyond. AMEGO combines high sensitivity in the 200 keV to 10 GeV energy range with a wide field of view, good spectral resolution, and polarization sensitivity. Therefore, AMEGO is key in the study of multimessenger astrophysical objects that have unique signatures in the gamma-ray regime, such as neutron star mergers, supernovae, and flaring active galactic nuclei. The order-of-magnitude improvement compared to previous MeV missions also enables discoveries of a wide range of phenomena whose energy output peaks in the relatively unexplored medium-energy gamma-ray band

Principles of sedimentology and stratigraphy

This concise treatment of the fundamental principles of sedimentology and stratigraphy highlights the important physical, chemical, biological and stratigraphic characteristics of sedimentary rocks. It emphasizes the ways in which the study of sedimentary rocks is used to interpret depositional environments, changes in ancient sea level, and other intriguing aspects of Earth�s history

Argonne National Laboratory Reports

Report discussing the results of experiments to determine whether disssolved organic substances can enhance the tranport of radionuclides through the groundwater system

(Appendix) Mineral composition of ODP Leg 128 sandstone samples

Deep drilling in the Japan Sea during Legs 127 and 128 resulted in recovery of volcanic lithic sandstones from Leg 127, Sites 796 and 797, and feldspathic sandstones from Leg 128, Site 799. Petrographic and geochemical analyses of sandstone framework grains define source-rock lithology and the tectonic setting of the source areas that furnished the framework constituents of these sandstones. Our analyses indicate that upper Miocene sandstones from Site 796 in the northeastern part of the Japan Basin were derived from a dominantly pyroclastic volcanic source or sources that lay in an undissected magmatic arc on or near southwestern Hokkaido, Japan. Lower Miocene sandstones from Site 797, located in Yamato Basin southeast of Yamato Rise, were also derived mainly from a volcanic source area. This source area lay in an undissected to transitional magmatic arc that was probably located in west-central Honshu, Japan, and that included some metamorphic, sedimentary, and plutonic source rocks. Lower Miocene sandstones at Site 799, which lies in the southwestern end of Kita-Yamato Trough on Yamato Rise, were derived primarily from granitic source rocks. Volcanic, metamorphic, and sedimentary source rocks also furnished detritus to this site. The principal source of sediment for Site 799 sandstones was probably the granitic and sedimentary rocks of Kita-Yamato Bank, which lies nearby to the west of Site 799 on Yamato Rise. Minor amounts of volcanic detritus, which was probably shed from Yamato Bank east of Site 799, also reached Site 799. The sandstones from Sites 796, 797, and 799 were deposited at upper to middle bathyal depths by turbidity currents

Principles of sedimentology and stratigraphy /

Bibliography: p. 697-726.Includes indexes.Langohr, Roge

Argonne National Laboratory Reports

Section I introduces the material contained in the rest of the report. Section II presents the origin and characteristics of humic materials as we understand them today and outlines the methods that have been used to separate and analyze these substances. Section III focuses on the general problem of metal-organic interactions and treats some of the factors that are important in chelating and complexing of metal ions by humic substances. Section IV deals specifically with the complexing of radionuclides by organic substances, treated from the standpoint of both empirical and experimental studies