Validation of a self-report questionnaire addressing antisocial behavior in adolescents: CACSA

This paper reports the validation of a rationally built self-report instrument to assess social behavior in Chilean adolescents (CACSA) and presents the findings on social behavior from two samples: school attending adolescents (N=1914) and juvenile offenders (N=264). The questionnaire consists of 56 items, which explore three general behavioral dimensions: Prosocial (CPRO) and Antisocial (CAT) behavior, and Victims of Abuse of Power (VAP); CAT contains six specific dimensions: Crimes (D), Transgressions Against Property (TPRO), Transgressions Against Persons (TPER); Abusive Behavior with Peers (CAP), Substance Abuse (OHD); and Minor Social Transgressions (TSL). The study also includes a social desirability scale and an attitudinal scale. Results revealed the questionnaire has important psychometric strengths, as well as discriminative properties between the school attending adolescents and the juvenile offenders. The importance and reliability of self-report data for building indices of antisocial behavior is discussed, as well as the relationship between prosocial and antisocial behavior among Chilean adolescents.El estudio tiene por objetivo presentar la validación de un instrumento formulado racionalmente para evaluar, mediante auto-reporte, el comportamiento social en adolescentes chilenos (CACSA) y describir el comportamiento social de dos grupos: adolescentes escolarizados (N=1914) y adolescentes infractores de ley (N=264). El cuestionario posee 56 ítemes que exploran tres dimensiones generales, a) Comportamiento Prosocial (CPRO), b) Comportamiento Antisocial Total (CAT); y c) Víctima de Abuso de Poder (VAP); CAT contiene seis dimensiones específicas: Delitos (D), Transgresiones Contra la Propiedad (TPRO), Transgresiones Contra las Personas (TPER), Comportamiento Abusivo con Pares (CAP), Consumo de Alcohol y Drogas (OHD); y Transgresiones Sociales Leves (TSL). El estudio incluye también una escala de deseabilidad social y otra actitudinal. Los resultados revelan importantes fortalezas psicométricas del instrumento y capacidad de discriminación entre adolescentes escolarizados e infractores de ley. Se discute la importancia de reconocer por auto-reporte la prevalencia de comportamientos antisociales y la relación entre conductas prosociales y antisociales en adolescentes chilenos.O estudo tem por objetivos apresentar a validação de um instrumento formulado racionalmente para avaliar, mediante auto-relato, o comportamento social de adolescentes chilenos (CACSA) e descrever o comportamento social de dois grupos: adolescentes escolarizados (N=1914) e adolescentes infratores da lei (N=264). O questionário consiste de 56 itens que exploram três dimensões gerais: a) Comportamento Pró-social (CPRO), b) Anti-Social (CAT) c) Vítimas de Abuso de Poder (VAP). CAT contém seis dimensões específicas: Delitos (D), Transgressões de Ofensa à Propriedade (TPRO), Transgressões Contra as Pessoas (TPER), Comportamentos Abusivos entre Pares (CAP), Consumo do Álcool e Drogas (OHD) e Transgressões Sociais Leves (TSL). O estudo incluiu também uma escala de desejabilidade social e outra atitudinal. Os resultados revelam que o instrumento mostra excelentes qualidades psicométricas e capacidade de discriminação entre os adolescentes escolarizados e os infratores da lei. Discute-se a importância de reconhecer a prevalência de comportamentos anti-sociais por meio de auto-relato e a relação entre condutas pró-sociais e anti-sociais em adolescentes chilenos

Self-Perception of Mental Health, Covid-19 and Associated Sociodemographic-Contextual Factors in Latin America

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of alterations in self-perceived mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic and their associated factors in four Latin American countries. This is a cross-sectional study based on data collected from adults in 2021 through the Collaborative Response COVID-19 Survey by the MacDonnell Academy at Washington University in St. Louis (United States). The sample was composed of 8,125 individuals from Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Chile. A generalized linear model for a binary outcome variable with a logistic link and fixed country effects was used. There were 2,336 (28.75%) individuals who considered having suffered alterations in self-perceived mental health. Unemployed individuals (OR = 1.40; 95%CI: 1.24-1.58), those with bad/regular quality of life (OR = 5.03; 95%CI: 4.01-6.31), and those with high socioeconomic status (OR = 1.66; 95%CI: 1.41-1.96) had a higher risk of self-perceived mental health alterations than those with full-time employment, excellent quality, and low socioeconomic status. According to the fixed-effects model, Brazilians living in the country during the pandemic, who disagreed with their government\u27s decisions (OR = 2.05; 95%CI: 1.74-2.42) and lacked trust in their government (OR = 2.10; 95%CI: 1.74-2.42) had a higher risk of having self-perceived mental health alterations. Nearly 30% of respondents indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic altered their self-perceived mental health. This outcome was associated with political, sociodemographic, and health risk factors. These findings should help policymakers develop post-pandemic community interventions

XIPE: the X-ray Imaging Polarimetry Explorer

X-ray polarimetry, sometimes alone, and sometimes coupled to spectral and temporal variability measurements and to imaging, allows a wealth of physical phenomena in astrophysics to be studied. X-ray polarimetry investigates the acceleration process, for example, including those typical of magnetic reconnection in solar flares, but also emission in the strong magnetic fields of neutron stars and white dwarfs. It detects scattering in asymmetric structures such as accretion disks and columns, and in the so-called molecular torus and ionization cones. In addition, it allows fundamental physics in regimes of gravity and of magnetic field intensity not accessible to experiments on the Earth to be probed. Finally, models that describe fundamental interactions (e.g. quantum gravity and the extension of the Standard Model) can be tested. We describe in this paper the X-ray Imaging Polarimetry Explorer (XIPE), proposed in June 2012 to the first ESA call for a small mission with a launch in 2017 but not selected. XIPE is composed of two out of the three existing JET-X telescopes with two Gas Pixel Detectors (GPD) filled with a He-DME mixture at their focus and two additional GPDs filled with pressurized Ar-DME facing the sun. The Minimum Detectable Polarization is 14 % at 1 mCrab in 10E5 s (2-10 keV) and 0.6 % for an X10 class flare. The Half Energy Width, measured at PANTER X-ray test facility (MPE, Germany) with JET-X optics is 24 arcsec. XIPE takes advantage of a low-earth equatorial orbit with Malindi as down-link station and of a Mission Operation Center (MOC) at INPE (Brazil).Comment: 49 pages, 14 figures, 6 tables. Paper published in Experimental Astronomy http://link.springer.com/journal/1068

First detection of X-ray polarization from the accreting neutron star 4U 1820-303

This paper reports the first detection of polarization in the X-rays for atoll-source 4U 1820-303, obtained with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) at 99.999% confidence level (CL). Simultaneous polarimetric measurements were also performed in the radio with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). The IXPE observations of 4U 1820-303 were coordinated with Swift-XRT, NICER, and NuSTAR aiming to obtain an accurate X-ray spectral model covering a broad energy interval. The source shows a significant polarization above 4 keV, with a polarization degree of 2.0(0.5)% and a polarization angle of -55(7) deg in the 4-7 keV energy range, and a polarization degree of 10(2)% and a polarization angle of -67(7) deg in the 7-8 keV energy bin. This polarization also shows a clear energy trend with polarization degree increasing with energy and a hint for a position-angle change of about 90 deg at 96% CL around 4 keV. The spectro-polarimetric fit indicates that the accretion disk is polarized orthogonally to the hard spectral component, which is presumably produced in the boundary/spreading layer. We do not detect linear polarization from the radio counterpart, with a 99.97% upper limit of 50% at 7.25 GHz

Análisis de la hormona antimulleriana e inhibina-B en la consulta de pubertad precoz: diagnóstico, seguimiento y pronóstico.

Introducción: La pubertad precoz es una patología frecuente en niñas cuyo diagnóstico se basa en criterios clínicos y analíticos. Las hormonas que habitualmente se estudian en esta patología son el estradiol, la hormona foliculoestimulante y la hormona luteinizante. Se hipotetiza que otras determinaciones, como la hormona antimulleriana y la inhibina-B pueden ser útiles en su diagnóstico y control.Objetivos: Se pretende estudiar cómo están involucradas la HAM e INHB en la PPC, analizando 3 ámbitos: su asociación con el resto de determinaciones hormonales habituales en la PPC, la variación de sus niveles en relación al tratamiento y su valor predictivo en el crecimiento de estas pacientes.Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal en una muestra de 31 pacientes diagnosticadas de PPC seguidas en la consulta de Endocrinología Pediátrica del Hospital Miguel Servet. Se realizaron medidas antropométricas. A las determinaciones hormonales habituales se añadió la de HAM e INHB.Resultados: La media de edad de debut de los signos de PPC fue a los 7.52 años, más temprano en el grupo de pacientes adoptadas, con 7.28 años. Con test de estimulación con análogos de GnRH se observa un aumento de 1190% de los niveles de LH, y de 300% en los de FSH. Los niveles de INHB eran significativamente más bajos en el grupo en tratamiento con respecto a los otros 2 grupos, y se correlacionaban positivamente con los de FSH. Además, se correlaciona positivamente con parámetros antropométrico (peso, talla, IMC).Conclusiones: La HAM e INHB responden de manera similar al estradiol, FSH y LH con el tratamiento con análogos de GnRH. Los pacientes que no han recibido tratamiento para la pubertad precoz central presentan una menor ganancia de pronóstico de crecimiento durante su seguimiento. No se ha podido establecer correlación entre HAM, INHB y el pronóstico de crecimiento.<br /

33 The impact of social media on anxiety and depression among patients with neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix: a Neuroendocrine Cervical Tumor Registry (NeCTuR) study

Objectives: Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (NECC) accounts for less than 1–2% of all cervical cancers. The rare nature of this disease is reflected in the limited educational resources available to patients, often leading them to seek information online through patient-led social networks. The objectives of this study were to: (1) examine social media use among NECC patients; and (2) examine their levels of anxiety and depression, and (3) correlate anxiety and depression levels with social media use. Methods: Seven surveys that assess social media use, anxiety, depression, and quality of life were distributed to known to be alive NECC patients enrolled in our Neuroendocrine Cervical Tumor Registry (NeCTuR). The primary outcome was the association between the Social Network Time Use Scale (SONTUS) global score and both the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) total scores. Spearman's rank correlation and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: Eighty-eight patients enrolled in the study. Eighty-one patients who fully or partially completed the surveys were included.Most patients (97%) are low to average social media users. Regarding the Sisters United Facebook page, a NECC patient-led support group, 53 patients (74%) visited the page in the past 2 weeks and out of those, 42 patients (79%) reported receiving useful information. Among those who didn't visit the page (n=19), 9 patients (47%) reported that the online support group elicited anxiety and/or sadness. The mean GAD-7 and CES-D scores for the entire cohort were 7.3 and 18.1, respectively. The Spearman correlations between social media use and both anxiety and depression levels were significant (0.23 (p=0.05), GAD-7 and 0.25 (p=0.04), CES-D). The estimated odds ratio for moderate/severe anxiety as a function of the SONTUS global score was 1.26 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.55) (p=0.03) and that of depression was 1.23 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.49) (p=0.04). Conclusions: NECC patients demonstrated average social media use and relatively high levels of anxiety and depression. There seems to be an association between increased social media use and both anxiety and depression