Verso il superamento dell'ergastolo ostativo? Atti del Convegno Cassino, Casa circondariale 20 gennaio 2020

[Italiano]: L’ergastolo ostativo è un tema particolarmente critico, dove il principio costituzionale della risocializzazione della pena deve confrontarsi con la dura e serrata lotta alla criminalità organizzata e alle mafie. Con la sentenza n. 253 del 2019 — che ha dichiarato l’illegittimità dell’art. 4-bis ord. pen., nella parte in cui non prevede la possibilità di concedere permessi premio, ai condannati per i delitti ostativi ivi elencati, in mancanza della collaborazione con la giustizia — la Corte costituzionale ha aperto un varco verso il superamento di automatismi legislativi reputati irragionevoli. La pronuncia, che ha posto più questioni di quante ne abbia dette espressamente, ha offerto l’opportunità per un importante convegno, tenutosi presso la Casa circondariale di Cassino, lo scorso 20 gennaio 2020. I relatori d’eccezione presenti hanno dato vita, generosamente, ad un confronto onesto, che ha consentito di rendere al meglio le distinte, e spesso distanti, posizioni sull’argomento, che ha visto, anche nella recentissima questione di costituzionalità sollevata dalla prima sezione penale della Corte di Cassazione (con ordinanza n.18518/20 depositata il 18 giugno 2020), i suoi ulteriori, e prevedibili, sviluppi ./[English]: The life imprisonment impediment is a very sensitive issue because the constitutional principle of the rehabilitation of punishment must be confronted with the hard and intense war on organised crime and mafias. With sentence n. 253 of 2019 — which has declared in contrast with Constitution the article 4-bis ord. pen., in the part in which it does not provide for the possibility of granting permits, to those convicted of the preclusive crimes listed therein, in the absence of collaboration with justice — the Constitutional Court breached towards overcoming legislative automatisms deemed unreasonable. The ruling, that put more questions than it specifically said, offered the opportunity for an important conference that took place at prison of Cassino, on January 20th, 2020. The present exceptional speakers gave generously rise at honest debate; it made it possible to make the best of the distinct, and often distant, positions on the argument that had further, and predictable, developments with the recent question of constitutional legitimacy rise by the ruling (18518-20 of June 18th, 2020) of first criminal section of Supreme Court of Cassation

Analysis in k-space of Magnetization Dynamics Driven by Strong Terahertz Fields

Demagnetization in a thin film due to a terahertz pulse of magnetic field is investigated. Linearized LLG equation in the Fourier space to describe the magnetization dynamics is derived, and spin waves time evolution is studied. Finally, the demagnetization due to spin waves dynamics and recent experimental observations on similar magnetic system are compared. As a result of it, the marginal role of spin waves dynamics in loss of magnetization is established.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

A Fast Matrix Compression Method for Large Scale Numerical Modelling of Rotationally Symmetric 3D Passive Structures in Fusion Devices

This paper illustrates the development of a recursive QR technique for the analysis of transient events, such as disruptions or scenario evolution, in fusion devices with three-dimensional conducting structures using an integral eddy current formulation. An integral formulation involves the solution, at each time step, of a large full linear system. For this reason, a direct solution is impractical in terms of time and memory consumption. Moreover, typical fusion devices show a symmetric/periodic structure. This can be properly exploited when the plasma and other sources possess the same symmetry/periodicity of the structure. Indeed, in this case, the computation can be reduced to only a single sector of the overall structure. In this work the periodicity and the symmetries are merged in the recursive QR technique, exhibiting a huge decrease in the computational cost. Finally, the proposed technique is applied to a realistic large-scale problem related to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER)

Validation of a Simulation Methodology for Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Composite Materials Considering the Effect of Forming Process on the Structural Performance

This research work investigated the influence of the press molding manufacturing process on the mechanical properties, both for thermoplastic and thermosetting fiber reinforced composite materials. The particular geometry of the case study, called Double Dome, was considered in order to verify the behavior of the Thermoplastic and Thermosetting prepreg in terms of shell thickness variation and fibers shear angle evolution during the thermoforming process. The thermoforming simulation was performed using LS-DYNA Finite Element Analysis (FEA) code, and the results were transferred by Envyo, a dedicated mapping tool, into a LS-DYNA virtual model for the structural simulation. A series of Double Dome specimens was produced with industrial equipment, and a bending experimental test was been carried on. Finally, a numerical-experimental correlation was performed, highlighting a significant forecast of the mechanical properties for the considered component

Characterization of a Novel Mitochondrial Ascorbate Transporter From Rat Liver and Potato Mitochondria

The Mitochondrial Ascorbic Acid Transporter (MAT) from both rat liver and potato mitochondria has been reconstituted in proteoliposomes. The protein has a molecular mass in the range of 28–35 kDa and catalyzes saturable, temperature and pH dependent, unidirectional ascorbic acid transport. The transport activity is sodium independent and it is optimal at acidic pH values. It is stimulated by proton gradient, thus supporting that ascorbate is symported with H+. It is efficiently inhibited by the lysine reagent pyridoxal phosphate and it is not affected by inhibitors of other recognized plasma and mitochondrial membranes ascorbate transporters GLUT1(glucose transporter-1) or SVCT2 (sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter-2). Rat protein catalyzes a cooperative ascorbate transport, being involved two binding sites; the measured K0.5 is 1.5 mM. Taking into account the experimental results we propose that the reconstituted ascorbate transporter is not a GLUT or SVCT, since it shows different biochemical features. Data of potato transporter overlap the mammalian ones, except for the kinetic parameters non-experimentally measurable, thus supporting the MAT in plants fulfills the same transport role

MORFEO enters final design phase

MORFEO (Multi-conjugate adaptive Optics Relay For ELT Observations, formerly MAORY), the MCAO system for the ELT, will provide diffraction-limited optical quality to the large field camera MICADO. MORFEO has officially passed the Preliminary Design Review and it is entering the final design phase. We present the current status of the project, with a focus on the adaptive optics system aspects and expected milestones during the next project phase

Advanced viscous model for viscous friction between rough rubber and smooth ice

The improvement of tractive performance on ice is one of the most challenging aspect in the nowadays tire industry. For this reason, a model which can predict the friction coefficient on ice can be useful in the winter-tire design. However, the highly multiphysics nature of the interaction between rubber and ice [1-4], as well as the magnitude of the dimensions involved make the development of a numerical model a quite complex issue. In this work, a first step for the prediction of the friction coefficient on ice is proposed using the finite element method. The subject of this analysis is the transient phase of the sliding interaction between a rubber block and an ice surface. The User Define Friction module of LS-DYNA has allowed to implement the suitable friction law for contacts with ice, widely used in the literature [3, 5], which follows a microscopic approach and it is based on a viscous formulation. Considering again the dimensions involved and the duration of the transient phase, it is impossible to directly validate the model through experimental detection [3]. However, in the subsequent steady-state phase, which involves higher amounts of water and longer time, the experimental measurements are easier. To compare the results, in the literature an indirect procedure was used in order to provide a qualitative validation, using the strict link between the transient phase and the steady-state one. The final comparison between the LS-DYNA results and the literature results has shown a good correlation level

Advanced viscous model for viscous friction between rough rubber and smooth ice

In the tire industry, the phenomenological comprehension of the contact between the tire and the road is one of the most important aspect in order to improve the tractive performance of the vehicle, in particular in winter condition. The rubber-ice frictional behaviour is characterized by a series of complex physical phenomena. During the sliding-contact between the rubber of the tire and the ice, the frictional heat leads to the melting of the ice. The amount of the water created during the ice melting involves hydrodynamic effects and the need to use a viscous formulation to describe the interaction between the two objects. Consequently, the friction coefficient between the rubber and the ice is non-stationary. The numerical simulation of the contact between these two materials is a challenging problem. This is mainly due to the high values of the rubber deformation as well as the significant difference of the stiffness between these two materials. In this overview, in this work the contact between a sliding rubber block and the ice was simulated. Both the thermodynamic and the hydrodynamic phenomena, as well as the phase change of the ice were considered in the model. The model was based on a contact theory proposed in the literature. To this aim, a specific subroutine was developed. . The subroutine works in parallel with a standard contact algorithm. The subroutine works starting from the current values of the thermo-mechanical parameters e.g. the interface pressure, the nodal temperature and the sliding velocity. The model governed by the subroutine gives as output, step by step, the current value of the friction coefficient. The close interaction between the two modules implies that, a variation of the thermo-mechanical phenomena affects also the contact friction and vice-versa. The comparison between the friction coefficient obtained with the numerical simulation and the coefficient obtained with the analytical solution proposed in the literature, showed good correlation. The accuracy of the developed numerical model was also confirmed by the comparison between the numerical results and some experimental results that can be found in the literature. The numerical model of the rubber-ice contact developed in this works is the base for the simulation of a full tire model rolling on an icy road

A personalized recommender system for a luxury e-commerce website. An approach based on market basket data

A recommender system applies data mining and knowledge discovery techniques to the problem of making personalized filtering of information, products or services (Sarwar et al., 2000). Recommender systems can be classified broadly into several categories depending on the information they use to recommend. Con- tent-based recommendation systems try to recommend new items similar to those a particular user has liked in the past (Lops et al., 2011). Collaborative filtering algo- rithms base their recommendations on the ratings or behaviour of other users in the system (Ekstrand et al., 2011). The present paper is a preliminary attempt to test a recommendation engine based on collaborative filtering, designed explicitly for a luxury e-commerce website from Apulia, Italy. The ratings are implicitly expressed by users’ behaviours (purchase/not purchase). These implicit ratings (one-class data) are easy to obtain, although all of the negative examples (not purchase) and missing positive examples (purchase) are mixed together and cannot be distinguished. Problems encountered when applying standard collaborative filtering algorithms can also arise due to extreme data sparsity