Perceived Organizational Forgiveness And Punitive Intent

Although management scholars have examined various antecedents of punishment in the workplace, there has been scant research on how perceptions of the organizational context influence decision-making regarding punishment. Building on the work of Cameron and colleagues (Cameron, Bright, & Caza, 2004; Cameron & Caza, 2002), I propose that one\u27s perceived organizational forgiveness - the perception of the extent to which the workplace is forgiving - is negatively related with one\u27s punitive intent in response to ethical misconduct. In addition, I identify variables involving the disciplinary agent and the ethical misconduct itself as moderators of this relationship. In a lab study and a field study, I tested the main effect of perceived organizational forgiveness and the moderating effects of these other variables on punitive intent. Data from the lab study provided evidence of the hypothesized main effect and suggested that the effect holds when the disciplinary agent is high in accountability and when the misconduct has resulted in serious damage to the organization. Data from the field study suggested that the negative relationship between perceived organizational forgiveness and punitive intent seemed to hold only when an experience of being forgiven is salient in the mind of the disciplinary agent and there are mitigating circumstances surrounding the ethical misconduct that is the subject of punishment. Surprisingly, the field study results suggested a positive relationship between perceived organizational forgiveness and punitive intent when an experience of being denied forgiveness is salient to the disciplinary agent. The limitations of these studies and potential implications of the findings are then discussed

High-capacity 5G fronthaul networks based on optical space division multiplexing

\u3cp\u3eThe introduction of 5G mobile networks, bringing multi-Gbit/s user data rates and reduced latency, opens new opportunities for media generation, transport and distribution, as well as for new immersive media applications. The expected use of millimeter-wave carriers and the strong network densification resulting from a much reduced cell size--which enable the expected performance of 5G--pose major challenges to the fronthaul network. Space division multiplexing (SDM) in the optical domain has been suggested for ultra-high capacity fronthaul networks that naturally support different classes of fronthaul traffic and further enable the use of analog radio-over-fiber and advanced technologies, such as optical beamforming. This paper discusses the introduction of SDM with multi-core fibers in the fronthaul network as suggested by the blueSPACE project, regarding both digitized and analog radio-over-fiber fronthaul transport as well as the introduction of optical beamforming for high-capacity millimeter-wave radio access. Analog and digitized radio-over-fiber are discussed in a scenario featuring parallel fronthaul for different radio access technologies, showcasing their differences and potential when combined with SDM.\u3c/p\u3

Evaluación de tres modelos de cocinas ahorradoras de leña Lorena mejorada, Tezulutlán y Finlandia, y un prototipo de cocina con dos materiales de combustión en San Luis Talpa, La Paz, El Salvador

La investigación se realizó en la Estación Experimental y de Prácticas de la Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas de la Universidad de El Salvador, ubicada en el cantón Tecualuya, municipio de San Luis Talpa, departamento de La Paz, en El Salvador, a una altura de 50 metros sobre el nivel del mar, una temperatura promedio de 24° C y 60% de humedad relativa promedio anual. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la eficiencia en el uso de la leña de tres cocinas ahorradoras de leña: Lorena Mejorada, Tezulutlán y Finlandia, comparándolas con la cocina de fogón abierto (testigo), realizando cinco pruebas de cocción de alimentos: agua, café, arroz, frijoles y maíz. La leña que se utilizó fue de Madrecacao (Gliricidia sepium) y de Conacaste blanco (Albizia adinocephala). El diseño estadístico que se utilizó fue Bloques Completos al Azar con un arreglo factorial 2x4, con 8 tratamientos y 3 repeticiones de cada prueba, teniendo 24 unidades experimentales, se utilizó la prueba estadística de Tukey con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Las variables evaluadas fueron: Tiempo de encendido de la leña, Tiempo de ebullición (100º C), Tiempo de cocción, Peso de la leña, Poder calorífico de las dos leñas. Se utilizó el programa SPSS para procesar los datos. En el laboratorio de Química Agrícola se determinó el poder calorífico de un kilogramo de leña de Madrecacao, que fue de 4,643.91 Kcal/kg y el de Conacaste blanco fue de 4,444.43 Kcal/kg, lo que permite utilizar menos cantidad de leña de Madrecacao para la preparación de los alimentos. Los mejores resultados en la cocción de los diferentes alimentos y en el uso eficiente de la leña se obtuvieron con la cocina Finlandia, la cual se construyó con una inversión de $224.00 dólares. Como resultado de esta investigación se construyó una cocina prototipo que se le ha llamado cocina ahorradora de leña “Estación UES”, la cual tiene que evaluarse su funcionamiento. Palabras claves: Cocina ahorradora de leña, cocina Lorena Mejorada, cocina Tezulutlán, cocina Finlandia, alimentos, poder calorífico, prototipo, El Salvado

Experimental Demonstration of Extended 5G Digital Fronthaul Over a Partially-Disaggregated WDM/SDM Network

© 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permissíon from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertisíng or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.[EN] We experimentally demonstrate a 5G digital fronthaul network that relies on multi-adaptive bandwidth/bitrate variable transceivers (BVTs) and an autonomic software-defined networking (SDN) control system for partially-disaggregated wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)/space division multiplexing (SDM). Transmission of 256-QAM 760.32 MHz orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) radio signal is performed, with a total radio transmission capacity of 5.667 Gb/s. Digitized signal samples are carried as a 22.25 Gb/s digitized radio-over-fiber (DRoF) data stream and transmitted over a WDM/SDM infrastructure including 40-wavelength 100-GHz arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) and 19-core fiber. The autonomic SDN controller deploys a control loop for the multi-adaptive OFDM-based BVTs that monitors the per-subcarrier signal to noise ratio (SNR) and assigns the optimal constellation based on the actual signal degradation. An error vector magnitude (EVM) below the targeted 2.1% is achieved while setting up connections in less than 5 s.This work was supported in part by the EC H2020 BLUESPACE Project under Grant 762055 and in part by the Spanish MICINN AURORAS Project under Grant RTI2018-099178.Fabrega, JM.; Múñoz, R.; Nadal, L.; Manso, C.; Svaluto Moreolo, M.; Vilalta, R.; Martínez, R.... (2021). Experimental Demonstration of Extended 5G Digital Fronthaul Over a Partially-Disaggregated WDM/SDM Network. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 39(9):2804-2815. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2021.3064645S2804281539

Guía de práctica clínica para diagnóstico y tratamiento de Hemofilia en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud)

Background: This article summarizes the clinical practice guide (CPG) for diagnosis and treatment of hemophilia in the Social Security of Peru (EsSalud). Objective: To provide evidence-based clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of hemophilia in EsSalud. Material and Methods: A guideline development group (GDG) was formed, which included specialist physicians and methodologists, who formulated clinical questions. Systematic searches of systematic reviews were conducted and - when deemed relevant - primary studies in PubMed during 2020 and 2021. Evidence was selected to answer each of the proposed clinical questions. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodic working meetings, the GEG used the GRADE methodology to review the evidence and formulate recommendations. The CPG was reviewed by external experts before its approval. Results: The CPG addressed 09 clinical questions, divided into 02 topics: diagnosis and treatment. Based on these questions, 05 recommendations were formulated (01 strong and 04 conditional), 51 points of good clinical practice, and 02 flow charts. Conclusion: Evidence-based recommendations were issued for the diagnosis and treatment of persons with hemophilia.Introducción: El presente artículo resume la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para diagnóstico y tratamiento de hemofilia en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud). Objetivo: Proveer recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la hemofilia en EsSalud. Material y Métodos: Se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó médicos especialistas y metodólogos, el cual formuló preguntas clínicas. Se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas de revisiones sistemáticas y –cuando fue considerado pertinente– estudios primarios en PubMed durante el 2020 y 2021. Se seleccionó la evidencia para responder cada una de las preguntas clínicasformuladas. Se evaluó la certeza de la evidencia usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). En reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó la metodología GRADE para revisar la evidencia y formular las recomendaciones. La GPC fue revisada por expertos externos previa a su aprobación. Resultados: La GPC abordó 09 preguntas clínicas de diagnóstico y tratamiento. En base a dichas preguntas se formularon 05 recomendaciones (01 fuerte y 04 condicionales), 51 puntos de buena práctica clínica, y 02 flujogramas. Conclusión: Se emitieron recomendaciones basadas en evidencia para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de personas con hemofilia

Transition technologies towards 6G networks

[EN] The sixth generation (6G) mobile systems will create new markets, services, and industries making possible a plethora of new opportunities and solutions. Commercially successful rollouts will involve scaling enabling technologies, such as cloud radio access networks, virtualization, and artificial intelligence. This paper addresses the principal technologies in the transition towards next generation mobile networks. The convergence of 6G key-performance indicators along with evaluation methodologies and use cases are also addressed. Free-space optics, Terahertz systems, photonic integrated circuits, softwarization, massive multiple-input multiple-output signaling, and multi-core fibers, are among the technologies identified and discussed. Finally, some of these technologies are showcased in an experimental demonstration of a mobile fronthaul system based on millimeter 5G NR OFDM signaling compliant with 3GPP Rel. 15. The signals are generated by a bespoke 5G baseband unit and transmitted through both a 10 km prototype multi-core fiber and 4 m wireless V-band link using a pair of directional 60 GHz antennas with 10 degrees beamwidth. Results shown that the 5G and beyond fronthaul system can successfully transmit signals with both wide bandwidth (up to 800 MHz) and fully centralized signal processing. As a result, this system can support large capacity and accommodate several simultaneous users as a key candidate for next generation mobile networks. Thus, these technologies will be needed for fully integrated, heterogeneous solutions to benefit from hardware commoditization and softwarization. They will ensure the ultimate user experience, while also anticipating the quality-of-service demands that future applications and services will put on 6G networks.This work was partially funded by the blueSPACE and 5G-PHOS 5G-PPP phase 2 projects, which have received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 programme under Grant Agreements Number 762055 and 761989. D. PerezGalacho acknowledges the funding of the Spanish Science Ministry through the Juan de la Cierva programme.Raddo, TR.; Rommel, S.; Cimoli, B.; Vagionas, C.; Pérez-Galacho, D.; Pikasis, E.; Grivas, E.... (2021). Transition technologies towards 6G networks. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking. 2021(1):1-22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-021-01973-91222021

Faith and Fair Trade: The Moderating Role of Contextual Religious Salience

Normative and historical arguments support the idea that religion potentially shapes decisions to support fair trade products. That said, the question of how religion influences organizational decision-makers to purchase fair trade products in a business-to-business context has remained largely unaddressed. This research examines the interactive effect of individual religious commitment and contextual religious salience on an individual's willingness to pay a price premium for a fair trade product, when buying on behalf of an organization. Findings from two experimental studies (involving 75 and 87 working individuals, respectively) reveal that the effect of a decision-maker's religious commitment on his or her willingness to pay a price premium, for the purchase of a fair trade product on behalf of an organization, is moderated by the contextual salience of religion. Specifically, when religion is highly salient in the organizational context, religious commitment is positively related to the decision-maker's willingness to pay a premium for the fair trade product; when contextual religious salience is low, religious commitment and willingness to pay a premium are unrelated. Implications for theory and practice are presented. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

Ten Outstanding Students of the Philippines (TOSP) awardees

Rommel Salvador was one of the Ten Outstanding Students of the Philippines (TOSP) awardees in 199

Child Participation in the Philippines: Reconstructing the Legal Discourse of Children and Childhood

This thesis explores the participation of children within legal discourse by looking at how laws and policies engage or disengage children. The basic premise is that to understand children’s participation is to confront the discourse of children and childhood where we uncover underlying assumptions, interests and agendas that inform our conception of who the child is and what the experience of childhood entails. Specifically, the thesis examines child participation within the Philippine legal framework by looking at the status, conditions and circumstances of children in four contexts: family, educational system, work environment and youth justice system. It argues that our conceptions of children and childhood are not only produced from a particular discourse but in turn are productive of a particular construction and practices reflected in the legal system. In its examination, the thesis reveals a complex Philippine legal framework shaped by competing paradigms of children and childhood that both give meaning to and respond to children’s engagements. On the one hand, there is a dominant discourse based on universal patterns of development and socialization that views children as objects of adult control and influence. But at the same time, there is some concrete attraction to an emerging paradigm influenced by childhood studies and the child rights movement that opens up opportunities for children’s participation. In advocating for broader acceptance of the emerging paradigm, the thesis identifies distinctive understandings of this paradigm in the Philippine context. A central argument is that in reconstructing the legal discourse of children and childhood, children’s participation grounded on the emerging paradigm does not necessarily introduce “new” understandings of children and childhood in the Philippines but, in fact, confirms existing beliefs and practices that articulate deeply held indigenous relational values. Within this contextualized understanding of the emerging paradigm, the thesis articulates children’s participation as: recognition of children as rights-bearers; acknowledgment of children’s realities as lived and experienced by them; and respect for the meaningful and constitutive relationships that children establish. Consequently, the intrinsic quality and meaning of actions of the child and towards the child take on a significant legal, social and moral value.SJ

Business Ethics and the Brain

Neuroethics, the study of the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying ethical decision-making, is a growing field of study. In this review, we identify and discuss four themes emerging from neuroethics research. First, ethical decision-making appears to be distinct from other types of decision-making processes. Second, ethical decision-making entails more than just conscious reasoning. Third, emotion plays a critical role in ethical decision-making, at least under certain circumstances. Lastly, normative approaches to morality have distinct, underlying neural mechanisms. On the basis of these themes, we draw implications for research in business ethics and the practice of ethics training