Lecciones aprendidas de una instalación solar fotovoltaica para uso familiar en edificio multivivienda en un proceso de compra colectiva

CIES2020 - XVII Congresso Ibérico e XIII Congresso Ibero-americano de Energia SolarRESUMEN: La instalación de energía solar fotovoltaica en edificios plurifamiliares existentes, ya sea en instalaciones de autoconsumo compartido o individual se enfrenta a barreras legales, técnicas y de gestión de las decisiones en comunidades de propietarios. En base a la experiencia de una instalación realizada para uso individual en un edificio en el año 2018, el artículo analiza con detalle las principales barreras y propone acciones que permitan impulsar instalaciones en comunidades de propietarios. La monitorización detallada durante el primer año de operación ha permitido conocer que el nivel de autoconsumo es del 36% y que la instalación podría amortizarse hasta en 9 años. El proceso descrito se enmarca en una iniciativa de compra colectiva de instalaciones solares fotovoltaicas “llave en mano” que reduce las barreras al desconocimiento técnico que pudieran tener los ciudadanos. Si como sociedad queremos que las cubiertas de los bloques de viviendas puedan contribuir a la mitigación del cambio climático, es necesaria una labor de concienciación que minimice las barreras de gestión en las comunidades de propietarios.ABSTRACT: The installation of solar photovoltaic systems in existing multifamily buildings, for individual or shared generation, face a set of barriers going from legal and technical aspects to the ones related with how decisions are taken in these buildings between dwelling’s owners. Based on a real experience of one photovoltaic system for individual use in a multifamily building in 2018, the current paper analyzes the main barriers and proposes actions to push photovoltaics in multifamily buildings. The detailed monitoring of the installation in the first operative year shows that the supply cover factor is 36% and the investment could be recovered within up to 9 years. The process was done in the framework of a collective initiative to launch up top 100 turnkey photovoltaic systems showing how this contributed to reduce technical unknowns of the citizens. If the society wants that photovoltaics in multifamily buildings contribute to mitigate climate change, an awareness work is necessary to minimize the barriers that community of owners can pose to individual proposals.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Avalia??o in vitro do potencial leishmanicida de derivados de aldiminas e adutos de Hantzsch.

Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Biotecnologia. N?cleo de Pesquisas em Ci?ncias Biol?gicas, Pr?-Reitoria de Pesquisa de P?s Gradua??o, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.A Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) ? a forma mais grave e devastadora da doen?a, que se n?o diagnosticada e tratada a tempo leva a ?bito. O tratamento convencional da LV ? baseado num repert?rio terap?utico restrito de f?rmacos como o antimoniato pentavalente e a anfotericina B, que apresentam elevada toxicidade. Dessa forma, o desenvolvimento de novas estrat?gias terap?uticas e a prospec??o de novos f?rmacos ? fundamental para o controle e tratamento da doen?a. Uma poss?vel alternativa para novos medicamentos s?o os compostos sint?ticos, e neste cen?rio encontram-se os derivados de aldiminas e adutos de Hantzsch que demonstraram pr?via a??o antif?ngica e leishmanicida. Assim, nesse estudo propusemos testar in vitro a a??o leishmanicida destes derivados de aldiminas (n=7) e adutos de Hantzsch (n=5) em diferentes c?lulas e por metodologias distintas. Avaliamos a citotoxicidade dos diferentes compostos pelo m?todo colorim?trico de Brometo de 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2il)-2,5-difenil tetraz?lio (MTT) em macr?fagos murino (J774.A1) e canino (DH82) sendo observada uma maior citotoxicidade nos compostos de Aldiminas 3I5 e 3D7 com IC50 de 15 e 10 ?g/ml, respectivamente. Ao contr?rio e de maneira satisfat?ria, os A. de Hantzsch demonstraram uma baixa citotoxicidade em compara??o ?s formula??es de aldiminas. A a??o leishmanicida em promastigotas de L. infantum, cepa (OP46), dos diferentes compostos ocorreu logo ap?s as 24 de tratamento com valores de redu??o inferiores a 25% da viabilidade, sendo mais evidenciada, principalmente no tempo de 72 horas de contato com as aldiminas (3H8 e 3G2) e com os a. Hantzsch (8B5 e 8B6) a viabilidade das promastigotas foi reduzida acima de 50%. Para a avalia??o in vitro da atividade leishmanicida em amastigotas do parasito foram empregados macr?fagos caninos DH82 infectados com promastigotas de L. infantum (OP46) e tratados com os diferentes compostos qu?micos por 24, 48 e 72 horas, sendo avaliado por an?lise microsc?pica bem como por citometria de fluxo empregando a L. infantum cepa (OP46) transfectada com o gene rep?rter GFP e os resultados encontrados foram semelhantes entre as duas metodologias empregadas (microscopia e citometria de fluxo). De um modo geral foi observado redu??o no percentual de infec??o principalmente ap?s 48 horas de tratamento para os compostos testados. No grupo das aldiminas, os compostos 3H8, 3H9 e 3D7 apresentaram redu??es maiores na taxa de infec??o dos macr?fagos, chegando a porcentagens de redu??o pr?ximas ao controle positivo tratado com Anfotericina B. Nos compostos do grupo de a. de Hantzsch destacam-se os compostos 8A2, 8B5 e 8B6, em que principalmente o 8B6 mostrou redu??o significativa no percentual de infec??o em rela??o ao grupo controle em ambos os testes (microscopia e citometria de fluxo) em todos os tempos de avalia??o (24, 48 e 72 horas). Os resultados in vitro demonstram ? baixa citotoxicidade e satisfat?ria atividade leishmanicida tanto em promastigotas quanto em amastigotas de L. infantum de alguns dos compostos qu?micos de aldiminas (3H7 e 3D7) e a. de Hantzsch (8A4 e 8B6) testados. O conjunto de dados obtidos sugere que os compostos aqui avaliados possuem o potencial leishmanicida e merecem ser considerados bons candidatos para prosseguirem em estudos de quimioterapia experimental in vivo para Leishmaniose Visceral.Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form of Leishmaniasis and when it?s not diagnosed and treated in time, consistently leads to death. Conventional treatment for VL is usually limited to a small group of drugs, like pentavalent antimonials and amphoterecin B, which are known for their high toxicity. Due to this restrictions, it is essential to promote new therapeutic strategies and drug screening studies for leishmaniasis treatment. A promising alternative for treatment of VL are syntethic compounds, including Aldimine and Hantzsch Adutes by-products, which have proved to have antifungal and antileishmanicidal hability. In this study, we set out to study the in vitro leishmanicidal hability of by-products of Aldimine (n=7) and Hantzsch Adutes (n=5) in macrophages from different origins using distinct methodologies. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated, using (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) tetrazolium reduction assay (MTT) in murine (J774.A1) and canine (DH82) macrophages and it was concluded that by-products of Aldimine, 3I5 and 3D7, have the highest toxicity, with an IC50 of 15 and 10 ?g/ml, respectively. On the contrary and satisfyingly, Hantzsch Adutes, were generaly less toxic compared with Aldimine derivates. The leishmanicidal activity of these compounds was also evaluated, using L. infantum (OP46) strain promastigotes, and the it was concluded that there was some leishmanicidal activity after 24 hours, with less than 25% drops in parasite viability. In later time points (72h), more than 50% drops in parasite viability were apparent, particularly with Aldimines (3H8 and 3G2) and Hantzsch Adutes (8B5 and 8B6). To evaluate in vitro leishmanicidal activity in amastigote forms of L. infantum, DH82 macrophages infected with L. infantum (OP46) promastigotes were used and subsequently treated with the full spectrum of drugs for 24, 48 and 72 hours, for this purpose microscopical analysis and flow citometry (using for this particular methodology the same L. infantum strain transfected with the reporter gene GFP) were used and similar results were accomplished using both methodologies. In general, a drop in infection rate was observed, mainly after 48 hours of treatment. Specifically to Aldimine by-products, 3H8, 3H9 and 3D7 were capable of major drops in infection rate and their performance was similar to that of Amphoterecin B. With respect to the Hantzsch Adutes by-products, 8A2, 8B5 and 8B5 demonstrated a remarkable hability to reduce infection rate, particularly 8B6 which was capable of reducing infection rate in both methodologies used and through all time points (24, 48 and 72h). In this in vitro results it becomes apparent that Aldimine by-products 3H7 and 3D7 and Hantzsch Adutes 8A4 and 8B6 demonstrate low toxicity and satisfying leishmanicidal activity, both in promastigote and amastigote forms. Taking in consideration that some of the compounds tested demonstrated leishmanicidal hability, it is believed that they deserve consideration for future experimental chemoterapy in vivo studies, regarding Visceral Leishmaniasis

Synthesis and Characterization of Ethylenedithio-MPTTF-PTM Radical Dyad as a Potential Neutral Radical Conductor

During the last years there has been a high interest in the development of new purely-organic single-component conductors. Very recently, we have reported a new neutral radical conductor based on the perchlorotriphenylmethyl (PTM) radical moiety linked to a monopyrrolotetrathiafulvalene (MPTTF) unit by a π-conjugated bridge (1) that behaves as a semiconductor under high pressure. With the aim of developing a new material with improved conducting properties, we have designed and synthesized the radical dyad 2 which was functionalized with an ethylenedithio (EDT) group in order to improve the intermolecular interactions of the tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) subunits. The physical properties of the new radical dyad 2 were studied in detail in solution to further analyze its electronic structure.This work was supported by the EU ITN iSwitch 642196 and “Nano2Fun” 607721 DGI grant (BeWell; CTQ2013-40480-R), the Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), and the Generalitat de Catalunya (grant 2014-SGR-17). ICMAB acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through the “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (SEV-2015-0496). In Denmark, this work was supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research | Natural Sciences (#11-106744). M.S. is grateful to Spanish Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte for a FPU grant. We thank Vega Lloveras for ESR spectroscopy and Amable Bernabé for MALDI spectroscopy.Peer reviewe

Spin states of asteroids in the Eos collisional family

Eos family was created during a catastrophic impact about 1.3 Gyr ago. Rotation states of individual family members contain information about the history of the whole population. We aim to increase the number of asteroid shape models and rotation states within the Eos collision family, as well as to revise previously published shape models from the literature. Such results can be used to constrain theoretical collisional and evolution models of the family, or to estimate other physical parameters by a thermophysical modeling of the thermal infrared data. We use all available disk-integrated optical data (i.e., classical dense-in-time photometry obtained from public databases and through a large collaboration network as well as sparse-in-time individual measurements from a few sky surveys) as input for the convex inversion method, and derive 3D shape models of asteroids together with their rotation periods and orientations of rotation axes. We present updated shape models for 15 asteroids and new shape model determinations for 16 asteroids. Together with the already published models from the publicly available DAMIT database, we compiled a sample of 56 Eos family members with known shape models that we used in our analysis of physical properties within the family. Rotation states of asteroids smaller than ~20 km are heavily influenced by the YORP effect, whilst the large objects more or less retained their rotation state properties since the family creation. Moreover, we also present a shape model and bulk density of asteroid (423) Diotima, an interloper in the Eos family, based on the disk-resolved data obtained by the Near InfraRed Camera (Nirc2) mounted on the W.M. Keck II telescope.Comment: Accepted for publication in ICARUS Special Issue - Asteroids: Origin, Evolution & Characterizatio

Brazilian Propolis: Correlation Between Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity

The chemical composition of ethanol extracts from samples of Brazilian propolis (EEPs) determined by HPLC and their activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebisiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, Sporothrix schenckii and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis were determined. Based on the predominant botanical origin in the region of samples' collection, the 10 extracts were separated into three groups: A (B. dracunculifolia + Auraucaria spp), B (B. dracunculifolia) and C (Araucaria spp). Analysis by the multiple regression of all the extracts together showed a positive correlation, higher concentrations leading to higher biological effect, of S. aureus with p-coumaric acid (PCUM) and 3-(4-hydroxy-3-(oxo-butenyl)-phenylacrylic acid (DHCA1) and of trypomastigotes of T. cruzi with 3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid derivative 4 (DHCA4) and 2,2-dimethyl-6-carboxyethenyl-2H-1-benzopyran (DCBEN). When the same approach was employed for each group, due to the small number of observations, the statistical test gave unreliable results. However, an overall analysis revealed for group A an association of S. aureus with caffeic acid (CAF) and dicaffeoylquinic acid 3 (CAFQ3), of S. pneumoniae with CAFQ3 and monocaffeoylquinic acid 2 (CAFQ2) and of T. cruzi also with CAFQ3. For group B, a higher activity against S. pneumoniae was associated DCBEN and for T. cruzi with CAF. For group C no association was observed between the anitmicrobial effect and any component of the extracts. The present study reinforces the relevance of PCUM and derivatives, especially prenylated ones and also of caffeolyquinic acids, on the biological activity of Brazilian propolis

Asteroids' physical models from combined dense and sparse photometry and scaling of the YORP effect by the observed obliquity distribution

The larger number of models of asteroid shapes and their rotational states derived by the lightcurve inversion give us better insight into both the nature of individual objects and the whole asteroid population. With a larger statistical sample we can study the physical properties of asteroid populations, such as main-belt asteroids or individual asteroid families, in more detail. Shape models can also be used in combination with other types of observational data (IR, adaptive optics images, stellar occultations), e.g., to determine sizes and thermal properties. We use all available photometric data of asteroids to derive their physical models by the lightcurve inversion method and compare the observed pole latitude distributions of all asteroids with known convex shape models with the simulated pole latitude distributions. We used classical dense photometric lightcurves from several sources and sparse-in-time photometry from the U.S. Naval Observatory in Flagstaff, Catalina Sky Survey, and La Palma surveys (IAU codes 689, 703, 950) in the lightcurve inversion method to determine asteroid convex models and their rotational states. We also extended a simple dynamical model for the spin evolution of asteroids used in our previous paper. We present 119 new asteroid models derived from combined dense and sparse-in-time photometry. We discuss the reliability of asteroid shape models derived only from Catalina Sky Survey data (IAU code 703) and present 20 such models. By using different values for a scaling parameter cYORP (corresponds to the magnitude of the YORP momentum) in the dynamical model for the spin evolution and by comparing synthetics and observed pole-latitude distributions, we were able to constrain the typical values of the cYORP parameter as between 0.05 and 0.6.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, January 15, 201

Altered Antioxidant-Oxidant Status in the Aqueous Humor and Peripheral Blood of Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa

Retinitis Pigmentosa is a common form of hereditary retinal degeneration constituting the largest Mendelian genetic cause of blindness in the developed world. It has been widely suggested that oxidative stress possibly contributes to its pathogenesis. We measured the levels of total antioxidant capacity, free nitrotyrosine, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation, extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) activity, protein, metabolites of the nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway, heme oxygenase-I and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in aqueous humor or/and peripheral blood from fifty-six patients with retinitis pigmentosa and sixty subjects without systemic or ocular oxidative stress-related disease. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed that retinitis pigmentosa alters ocular antioxidant defence machinery and the redox status in blood. Patients with retinitis pigmentosa present low total antioxidant capacity including reduced SOD3 activity and protein concentration in aqueous humor. Patients also show reduced SOD3 activity, increased TBARS formation and upregulation of the nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway in peripheral blood. Together these findings confirmed the hypothesis that patients with retinitis pigmentosa present reduced ocular antioxidant status. Moreover, these patients show changes in some oxidative-nitrosative markers in the peripheral blood. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between these peripheral markers and retinitis pigmentosa

The granulitic roots of the Salvador-Esplanada-Boquim Belt, S?o Francisco Craton, Bahia-Sergipe, Brazil

O Cintur?o Salvador-Esplanada-Boquim (CSEB) ? provavelmente um ramo nordeste do Or?geno Itabuna-Salvador-Cura??. Neste trabalho, in?dito para a regi?o, ? apresentada a caracteriza??o petrogr?fica, petroqu?mica e geocronol?gica preliminar das rochas granul?ticas da por??o central-norte desse cintur?o, onde foram separadas quatro unidades granul?ticas ?cidas e intermedi?rias, al?m de bandas de granulitos m?ficos, granulitos aluminosos e quartzitos. As quatro unidades ?cidas e intermedi?rias s?o ortogranulitos foliados onde os granulitos m?ficos encontram-se encaixados sob a forma de lentes. Essas rochas foram atravessadas por diques orosirianos, dac?ticos-riol?ticos (Diques de Arau?). O estudo litogeoqu?mico dos granulitos ?cidos e intermedi?rios revelou quatro s?ries c?lcio-alcalinas de baixo a alto K, assim denominadas: enderb?tica (Ed1), enderb?tica (Ed2); charnock?tica de composi??o monzogran?tica (MCh) e charnoenderb?tica (Ch-Ed). Diagramas multielementares indicam que as quatro unidades possuem anomalias negativas de Nb, Ti e P e baixos teores de high field strenght elements (HFSE), sugerindo haver associa??o gen?tica ligada a zonas de subduc??o e arcos vulc?nicos. Os granulitos m?ficos, por sua vez, apontam para uma filia??o tole?tica com caracter?sticas tipo island-arc tholeiite (IAT). Os dados geocronol?gicos indicam idades que sugerem a presen?a de eventos tect?nicos ocorridos na ?rea, a saber: forma??o do prot?lito do granulito (Ed2) em 2,90 Ga (idade-modelo TDM-Nd); cristaliza??o do granulito (Ed2) em 2582 ? 11 Ma e do MCh em 2473 ? 13 Ma; metamorfismo regional com idades entre 2087 e 2073 Ma; e preenchimento de falhas em forma de diques em torno de 2015 ? 12 Ma. Os dados obtidos, sobretudo aqueles da litogeoqu?mica, est?o permitindo interpretar que essas rochas metam?rficas de alto grau se adequam ?quelas do tipo arco vulc?nico. Essas, ao colidirem no Paleoproterozoico com o Bloco Serrinha, situado a oeste da ?rea estudada, formaram uma cadeia de montanhas, a qual, ao ser erodida, exp?s suas ra?zes granul?ticas.The Salvador-Esplanada-Boquim Belt is probably a northeastern branch of the Itabuna-Salvador-Cura?? Orogen. This study, which is unprecedented in the region, presents the petrographic, petrochemical and geochronological characterization of granulite rocks from the central-northern portion of this belt, where four acidic and intermediate granulite units were separated, in addition to mafic granulite bands, aluminous granulites and quartzites. These four acidic and intermediate units are foliate orthogranulites, where mafic granulites are embedded in the form of lenses. These rocks were crossed by orosirian, dacitics-rhyolite dykes, (Arau? Dykes). The lithogeochemical study of acidics and intermediate granulites has revealed four calcium-alkaline series from low to high K, named: (i) enderbitic (Ed1), (ii) enderbitic (Ed2); (iii) charnockitic of monzogranitic composition (MCh) and (iv) charnoenderbitic (Ch-Ed). Multielement diagrams indicate that the four units have negative Nb, Ti and P anomalies and low levels of HFSE, suggesting that there is a genetic association attached to subduction zones and volcanic arcs. On the other hand, the mafic granulites indicated a tholeiitic affiliation with characteristics of the MORB type. The geochronological data indicate ages that suggest the presence of tectonic events in this area, namely: (i) the formation of the granulite?s protholith (Ed2) at 2.90 Ga (model-age TDM-Nd); (ii) the crystallization of the granulite (Ed2) at 2582 ? 11 Ma and MCh at 2473 ? 13 Ma; (iii) regional metamorphism aged 2087 Ma and 2073 Ma, and (iv) the filling in of faults in the form of dykes around 2015 ? 12 Ma. The data obtained, especially with regard to lithogeochemistry, allow for the interpretation that these high-grade metamorphic rocks are suited to those of the volcanic arc type. Upon coliding on the Paleoproterozoic with the Serrinha Block, located to the west of the study area, these high-grade metamorphic rocks formed a mountain chain which eroded, exposing their granulite roots

Epistemology of the Economy: Comments from Robert Nozick

In this paper we have presented arguments for simplicity as epistemological criterion of economic research. In particular, have been important aspects that show how the tradition of the theory, to make principle simplicity to represent many empirical data of experience or information, was one of the goals set by the fathers of the discipline: Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill, and Jeremy Bentham

Helix movement is coupled to displacement of the second extracellular loop in rhodopsin activation

The second extracellular loop (EL2) of rhodopsin forms a cap over the binding site of its photoreactive 11-cis retinylidene chromophore. A crucial question has been whether EL2 forms a reversible gate that opens upon activation or acts as a rigid barrier. Distance measurements using solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy between the retinal chromophore and the β4 strand of EL2 show that the loop is displaced from the retinal binding site upon activation, and there is a rearrangement in the hydrogen-bonding networks connecting EL2 with the extracellular ends of transmembrane helices H4, H5 and H6. NMR measurements further reveal that structural changes in EL2 are coupled to the motion of helix H5 and breaking of the ionic lock that regulates activation. These results provide a comprehensive view of how retinal isomerization triggers helix motion and activation in this prototypical G protein-coupled receptor. © 2009 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved