O uso da energia de microondas em reações orgânicas /

Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas

Study of tribological properties of moulds obtained by stereolithography

Stereolithography (SL) is a process that allows the rapid manufacturing of high-accuracy rapid tools using an ultraviolet laser beam to polymerize a liquid resin, layer-by-layer. In this work, the friction properties of commercial SL resins in contact with several thermoplastics were assessed. Friction experiments were done with plastics overmoulded onto moulding blocks made from SL resins. It was observed that polymers with Hildebrand solubility parameters close to the resins showed adhesion characteristics that were not observed in polymers with values of this parameter further apart.EU Programme ALFA (project Plastinet-master

Chitosan-based hierarchical scaffolds crosslinked with genipin

Osteochondral defects present significant challenges for effective tissue regeneration due to the complex composition of bone and cartilage. To address this challenge, this study presents the fabrication of hierarchical scaffolds combining chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) to simulate a bone-like layer, interconnected with a silk fibroin layer to mimic cartilage, thus replicating the cartilage-like layer to mimic the native osteochondral tissue architecture. The scaffolds were produced by freeze-drying and then crosslinking with genipin. They have a crosslinking degree of up to 24%, which promotes a structural rearrangement and improved connection between the different layers. Micro-CT analysis demonstrated that the structures have distinct porosity values on their top layer (up to 84%), interface (up to 65%), and bottom layer (up to 77%) and are dependent on the concentration of β-tricalcium phosphate used. Both layers were confirmed to be clearly defined by the distribution of the components throughout the constructs, showing adequate mechanical properties for biomedical use. The scaffolds exhibited lower weight loss (up to 7%, 15 days) after enzymatic degradation due to the combined effects of genipin crosslinking and β-TCP incorporation. In vitro studies showed that the constructs supported ATDC5 chondrocyte-like cells and MC3T3 osteoblast-like cells in duo culture conditions, providing a suitable environment for cell adhesion and proliferation for up to 14 days. Overall, the physicochemical properties and biological results of the developed chitosan/β-tricalcium phosphate/silk fibroin bilayered scaffolds suggest that they may be potential candidates for osteochondral tissue strategies.This study was partially financed by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001 and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), PVE 407035/2013-3. This work is also financially supported by Portuguese FCT (PD/BD/135247/2017, SFRH/BPD/93697/2013, DL 57/2016/CP1377/CT0054 (https://doi.org/10.54499/DL57/2016/CP1377/CT0054), CEECINST/00018/2021), PhD programme in Advanced Therapies for Health (PATH) (PD/00169/2013), FCT R&D&I projects with references PTDC/BII-BIO/31570/2017, PTDC/CTM-CTM//29813/2017, and PTDC/CTM-BIO/4706/2014- (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016716). The authors would like to thank the contributions to this research from the project “TERM RES Hub—Scientific Infrastructure for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine”, reference PINFRA/22190/2016 (Norte-01-0145-FEDER-022190), funded by the Portuguese National Science Foundation (FCT) in cooperation with the Northern Portugal Regional Coordination and Development Commission (CCDR-N), for providing relevant lab facilities, state-of-the-art equipment, and highly qualified human resources

Application des micro-ondes à la chimie fine et aux transformations des matériaux céramiques, polymères et bois (mesure des propriétés électromagnétiques pour l'optimisation et le contrôle des procédés)

Le travail présenté apporte un aperçu général de la technologie micro-ondes et de ses applications en chimie et aux traitements des matériaux. Nous avons voulu participer au développement de cette nouvelle méthode de traitement en reconsidérant les questions d'optimisation et contrôle des procédés au moyen de la mesure des propriétés électromagnétiques Dans cet objectif, nous avons mesuré les propriétés diélectriques des matériaux au cours des procédés : réticulation des résines thermodurcissables, ramollissement des polymères thermoplastiques, gélification du PVC-plastisol et séchage des bois. La méthode des perturbations en cavités résonnantes est utilisée, d'abord en champ faible puis en champ fort afin de mieux comprendre la réponse de ces divers produits traités par les micro-ondes. Par la suite, nous avons étudié la préparation des pigments céramiques à partir de la calcination d'un mélange d'oxydes métalliques par les micro-ondes et par chauffage mixte. La préparation a été rapide, sélective et hétérogène en fonction des propriétés électromagnétiques des oxydes utilisés. Des résultats d'intérêt technologique ont été obtenus concernant la stabilité thermique, et la structure des produits. En fin, des réactions de benzoylation et sulfonylation de composés aromatiques (Friedel-Crafts) ont été conduites en batch comme un étude préliminaire du procédé en continu. La mesure des propriétés diélectriques des espèces chimiques et des solutions impliquées, a apporté une rationalisation sur les réactions en batch et aussi sur les procédés en continu en ce qui concerne l'absorption des micro-ondes et l'optimisation énergétique des procédés. Le procédé en continu a été mis au point pour diverses réactions à l'échelle pilote, ce qui montre de bonnes perspectives pour une démarche à l'échelle industrielle.TOULOUSE-ENSEEIHT (315552331) / SudocSudocFranceF

Characterization of epoxy/steel fibres composites for hybrid injection moulds

Metallic fibres in polymeric matrix are used for mouldings blocks of hybrid injection moulds improving the mechanical and thermal properties. This paper reports on the characterization of epoxy resin/short steel fibres (SSF) composites. The effect of the concentration of 2,4,6-tris (di-methylamino-methyl) phenol as accelerator in the epoxy system was evaluated by viscosity and dynamical mechanical analyses. The composites were characterized by compression and micro-hardness tests. The fibres dispersion into the epoxy matrix was analysed by optical microscopy. It was found that the best accelerator concentration for this type of composite was 5,0 parts by weight.Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Brazilian Ministry of Education (Covenant FCT-CAPES

Tratamento da superfície de cateteres de poliamida 11 por plasma de oxigênio

A poliamida 11, assim como grande parte dos polímeros empregados na construção de dispositivos minimamente invasivos de uso médico, não apresenta significativa interação com líquidos polares, o que limita seu uso em algumas aplicações, uma vez que a maioria dos tecidos biológicos internos apresenta caráter hidrofílico (alta afinidade por água). No presente trabalho, investigou-se a influência do processo de tratamento por plasma de oxigênio da superfície da poliamida 11 sobre a composição, rugosidade e a hidrofilicidade. Através do tratamento, as características do material foram alteradas de forma a favorecer a adesão de uma camada polimérica hidrofílica sobre sua superfície, aumentando a hidrofilicidade e, consequentemente, a biocompatibilidade do dispositivo polimérico. Cateteres de poliamida 11 foram submetidos a diferentes tempos de exposição ao plasma, gerado sob uma atmosfera de oxigênio com pressão, temperatura e voltagem constante. Para isso, foram realizadas análises de espectroscopia de infravermelho, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e medida do ângulo de molhamento por água na superfície do polímero. As amostras tratadas e não tratadas (controle) foram caracterizadas e constatou-se um aumento na rugosidade e no ângulo de contato, indicando uma possível melhora da aderência da camada polimérica hidrofílica a ser depositada