Intermediate range chemical ordering of cations in simple molten alkali halides

The presence of first sharp diffraction peaks in the partial structure factors is investigated in computer simulations of molten mixtures of alkali halides. An intermediate range ordering appears for the Li+ ions only, which is associated with clustering of this species and is not reflected in the arrangement of other ions. This ordering is surprising in view of the simplicity of the interionic interactions in alkali halides. The clustering reflects an incomplete mixing of the various species on a local length scale, which can be demonstrated by studying the complementary sub-space of cations in the corresponding pure alkali halides by means of a void analysis.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

High-pressure behaviour of GeO2: a simulation study

In this work we study the high pressure behaviour of liquid and glassy GeO2 by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The interaction potential, which includes dipole polarization effects, was parameterized from first-principles calculations. Our simulations reproduce the most recent experimental data to a high degree of precision. The proportion of the various GeOn polyhedra is determined as a function of the pressure: a smooth transition from tetrahedral to octahedral network is observed. Finally, the study of high-pressure, liquid germania confirms that this material presents an anomalous behaviour of the diffusivity as observed in analog systems such as silica and water. The importance of penta-coordinated germanium ions for such behaviour is stressed.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, accepted as a Fast Track Communication on Journal of Physics: Condensed Matte

Are the stars of a new class of variability detected in NGC~3766 fast rotating SPB stars?

A recent photometric survey in the NGC~3766 cluster led to the detection of stars presenting an unexpected variability. They lie in a region of the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram where no pulsation are theoretically expected, in between the $\delta$ Scuti and slowly pulsating B (SPB) star instability domains. Their variability periods, between $\sim$0.1--0.7~d, are outside the expected domains of these well-known pulsators. The NCG~3766 cluster is known to host fast rotating stars. Rotation can significantly affect the pulsation properties of stars and alter their apparent luminosity through gravity darkening. Therefore we inspect if the new variable stars could correspond to fast rotating SPB stars. We carry out instability and visibility analysis of SPB pulsation modes within the frame of the traditional approximation. The effects of gravity darkening on typical SPB models are next studied. We find that at the red border of the SPB instability strip, prograde sectoral (PS) modes are preferentially excited, with periods shifted in the 0.2--0.5~d range due to the Coriolis effect. These modes are best seen when the star is seen equator-on. For such inclinations, low-mass SPB models can appear fainter due to gravity darkening and as if they were located between the $\delta$~Scuti and SPB instability strips.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the IAU Symposium 307, New windows on massive stars: asteroseismology, interferometry, and spectropolarimetr

Vertebrate Pest Control Education and Outreach for Dealing with California Wildlife Pests

This project was undertaken to provide a flexible multimedia education and outreach program on vertebrate pest control in agricultural settings. The target audience for this concept is the California agricultural industry and urban members of the public who are dealing with California ground squirrel, pocket gopher, and meadow vole problems. Online users are able to access various learning tools for all three species. Each program consists of an interactive training course, video learning, study guide, two section quizzes, and a final exam with an option to obtain 2-hours of California Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) or Structural Pest Control Board (SPCB) continuing education credit. The site also has a Facts and Questions section, podcasts of the training programs, and links to a YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter pages. The training programs are available to DPR certified pesticide applicators, SPCB licensed applicators and the general public. All educational content is capable of being added to or amended from any location, via the Internet. In addition to educating users, the website seamlessly collects statistical data and voluntary information from users (i.e., email messages and website comments). The success and wide availability of internet-based training programs demonstrate the site’s potential for use in statewide continuing education and in pesticide applicator certification efforts related to vertebrate pest control

Shear-banding in a lyotropic lamellar phase, Part 2: Temporal fluctuations

We analyze the temporal fluctuations of the flow field associated to a shear-induced transition in a lyotropic lamellar phase: the layering transition of the onion texture. In the first part of this work [Salmon et al., submitted to Phys. Rev. E], we have evidenced banded flows at the onset of this shear-induced transition which are well accounted for by the classical picture of shear-banding. In the present paper, we focus on the temporal fluctuations of the flow field recorded in the coexistence domain. These striking dynamics are very slow (100--1000s) and cannot be due to external mechanical noise. Using velocimetry coupled to structural measurements, we show that these fluctuations are due to a motion of the interface separating the two differently sheared bands. Such a motion seems to be governed by the fluctuations of $\sigma^\star$, the local stress at the interface between the two bands. Our results thus provide more evidence for the relevance of the classical mechanical approach of shear-banding even if the mechanism leading to the fluctuations of $\sigma^\star$ remains unclear

What can polysemy tell us about theories of explanation?

Philosophical accounts of scientific explanation are broadly divided into ontic and epistemic views. This paper explores the idea that the lexical ambiguity of the verb to explain and its nominalisation supports an ontic conception of explanation. I analyse one argument which challenges this strategy by criticising the claim that explanatory talk is lexically ambiguous, 375–394, 2012). I propose that the linguistic mechanism of transfer of meaning, 109–132, 1995) provides a better account of the lexical alternations that figure in the systematic polysemy of explanatory talk, and evaluate the implications of this proposal for the debate between ontic and epistemic conceptions of scientific explanation

Experimental Observation of Classical Dynamical Monodromy

A Hamiltonian system is said to have nontrivial monodromy if its fundamental action-angle loops do not return to their initial topological state at the end of a closed circuit in angular momentum-energy space. This process has been predicted to have consequences which can be seen in dynamical systems, called dynamical monodromy. Using an apparatus consisting of a spherical pendulum subject to magnetic potentials and torques, we observe nontrivial monodromy by the associated topological change in the evolution of a loop of trajectories

Shear-banding in a lyotropic lamellar phase, Part 1: Time-averaged velocity profiles

Using velocity profile measurements based on dynamic light scattering and coupled to structural and rheological measurements in a Couette cell, we present evidences for a shear-banding scenario in the shear flow of the onion texture of a lyotropic lamellar phase. Time-averaged measurements clearly show the presence of structural shear-banding in the vicinity of a shear-induced transition, associated to the nucleation and growth of a highly sheared band in the flow. Our experiments also reveal the presence of slip at the walls of the Couette cell. Using a simple mechanical approach, we demonstrate that our data confirms the classical assumption of the shear-banding picture, in which the interface between bands lies at a given stress $\sigma^\star$. We also outline the presence of large temporal fluctuations of the flow field, which are the subject of the second part of this paper [Salmon {\it et al.}, submitted to Phys. Rev. E]